Automobile Wheel Alignment and Wheel Balancing

With over thirty years of experience in the design, development, and patenting of some products in the field of wheel alignment, the author shares his knowledge on the importance of wheel maintenance to the overall performance of a vehicle. From the ancient bullock carts to chariots to automobiles, wheels have undergone many changes to serve the purpose of mankind's mobility. Mobility is inevitable in today's life. A world without wheels is unimaginable. Every vehicle owner expects his tires to last longer and perform better. But improper wheel alignment and wheel balancing can drastically impact the wear and tear on a tire. This book walks the readers through the basics to techniques for wheel alignment on light vehicles, commercial vehicles, and trailers. In addition, illustrations present various types of tire wear and the cause of each. Finally, the author delves into tire safety from understanding how air pressure effects a tire to the importance of tire rotation.

MPG Illusion and Vehicle Choice: An Empirical Study of the Japanese Household Survey

Previous studies have shown that people understand the future ancillary cost of durable goods such as an automotive vehicle. However, consumers tend to misunderstand the future benefits and costs of these goods. One of the most interesting discussions about consumer cognitive ability for future energy cost is the miles per gallon (MPG) illusion. In this study, we analyze people’s misunderstanding of the relationship between kilometers per liter (KPL) and the actual amount of fuel saved using vehicle owner survey data. We developed some questions to measure how much each person is involved with the MPG (or KPL) illusion. Additionally, our survey includes questions capturing some preferences affecting future fuel costs, such as time. Controlling for the most important respondent characteristics, such as income or gender, our empirical model analyzes the extent of the misunderstanding of how much actual KPL selections of personal auto vehicles are affected. We found that many Japanese consumers tend to misunderstand the relationship between KPL and actual fuel costs. Our results demonstrate that people who misunderstand the relationship tend to choose a higher 4.324 km per liter car than those who understand. This finding implies that the KPL illusion affects the KPL selection of consumers’ cars.

AUTOMOTIVE HEALTH TRACKING USING IOT AND ARDUINO

This paper is concerned with the development of an embedded system for detecting the vehicle condition by monitoring the internal parameters used in evaluating the vehicle's current health condition. An in-vehicle embedded system is being developed in this project to generate a vehicle health report (VHR) whenever the user requires it. It predicts future errors, allowing the driver to travel without interruption and avoid accidents. As a result, it warns the driver of potential errors and assists him in driving safely. The data needed to generate the health report is made up of parameter values (outputs of in-built sensors) from various systems inside the vehicle. Our framework is based on the Arduino and IoT stages, which are used to separate various parameters, for example, motor warming and fuel pipe blockage, for safe and cautious driving. The data is sent to IoT, where it can be checked by both the vehicle manufacturer via distributed computing and the vehicle owner via the Android application. The equipment unit consists of an Arduino, a WI-FI module, a portable Androidbased device, and a unique parameter checking sensors module. The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self-contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any microcontroller access to your WiFi network, which is used in current generation automotive.

Survey and Synthesis of State of the Art in Driver Monitoring

Road vehicle accidents are mostly due to human errors, and many such accidents could be avoided by continuously monitoring the driver. Driver monitoring (DM) is a topic of growing interest in the automotive industry, and it will remain relevant for all vehicles that are not fully autonomous, and thus for decades for the average vehicle owner. The present paper focuses on the first step of DM, which consists of characterizing the state of the driver. Since DM will be increasingly linked to driving automation (DA), this paper presents a clear view of the role of DM at each of the six SAE levels of DA. This paper surveys the state of the art of DM, and then synthesizes it, providing a unique, structured, polychotomous view of the many characterization techniques of DM. Informed by the survey, the paper characterizes the driver state along the five main dimensions—called here “(sub)states”—of drowsiness, mental workload, distraction, emotions, and under the influence. The polychotomous view of DM is presented through a pair of interlocked tables that relate these states to their indicators (e.g., the eye-blink rate) and the sensors that can access each of these indicators (e.g., a camera). The tables factor in not only the effects linked directly to the driver, but also those linked to the (driven) vehicle and the (driving) environment. They show, at a glance, to concerned researchers, equipment providers, and vehicle manufacturers (1) most of the options they have to implement various forms of advanced DM systems, and (2) fruitful areas for further research and innovation.

Shared Mobility for Transport and Its Environmental Impact VeSIPreS: A Vehicular Soft Integrity Preservation Scheme for Shared Mobility

Car manufacturers are noticing and encouraging a trend away from individual mobility, where a vehicle is owned and driven by one or only a few other persons, and towards shared-mobility concepts. That means that many different people use and have access to the same vehicle. An attacker disguised as a regular short-time user can use the additional attack vectors (s)he gets by having physical access to tamper the vehicle’s software. The software takes a continuously more crucial role in cars for autonomous driving, and manipulations can have catastrophic consequences for the persons on board. Currently, there is no mechanism available to the vehicle owner to detect such manipulations in the vehicle done by the attacker (short-time user). In this work, a novel vehicle attestation scheme called Vehicular Soft Integrity Preservation Scheme (VeSIPreS) is proposed to detect tampering in the software stack of a vehicle and guarantee the upcoming driver that the previous user has not changed the software of the vehicle. The solution consists of a software module in the vehicle and a mobile-based user application for the vehicle owner to monitor the vehicle’s soft integrity. Inside the vehicle, the software module is implemented in the central gateway, which acts as the primary security component. VeSIPreS uses Trusted Platform Module (TPM) in the central gateway, which anchors trust in our proposed solution. This paper also provides a proof-of-concept implementation with a TPM, demonstrating its application and deployment feasibility and presentig a security analysis to show the security of VeSIPreS.

OTP Based Locking System using IOT

OTP based mostly Advance lock up System is Associate in Nursing IOT resolution to create lockup system employed in vehicles abundant safer than typical lockup System with regular keys. The vehicle felony rate in Asian nation is 1,65,690 (In the year 2013).this technique is constructed by microcontroller mistreatment IOT technology. Any typical lock is updated with this technique. Consider lockup and unlocking of automotive, whereas unlocking user can press button to unlock the automotive. An only once countersign (OTP) are going to be sent to the registered mobile range of the vehicle owner. Then kind the countersign mistreatment keyboard in vehicle, if the countersign is correct the vehicle aregoingtobeunfastened.Thesamesystemiswonttounlock home doors, bank lockers, public lockers, gatesetc.

External and Internal Environmental Scanning Towards Strategic Design and Manufacturing a New Safety Car

The automotive industry is among the prominent industry contributing to the Malaysian GDP rose by 3.6%, with a value of RM 40 billion in 2016. The automotive industry is one of the fastest-growing economic sectors in all other sectors with the primary purpose of providing safe and accessible transportation for the world's increasing population. The vehicle owner and demand increase, but in the same way, road traffic accidents reported higher each year even though ASEAN NCAP has been introduced to improve the car safety level. Thus, this study aims to investigate further the technology shift and design features as external and internal environmental scanning towards car safety design and manufacturing from car manufacturer perspectives

An Improved Vehicle Registration and Licensing System

Vehicle registration and licensing systems have been in existence for decades. However, there has been over 55% increase in the number of reported stolen vehicles which have not been recovered in the last 3 years. Therefore, there is need to improve on its existing systems by incorporating anti-theft capability of vehicles using fingerprint biometric technology. In developing the Secured Vehicle Registration System (SVRS), data on vehicle registration, renewal and change of ownership procedures were collected from the Motor Licensing Office at Osogbo. Unified Modelling Language (UML) tools was used for the system design, to illustrate the whole system in a clearer way, and implemented using JavaScript, PHP scripting language, HTML, XAMPP SQLServer and the Mantra MFS100 fingerprint scanner. The system performance was evaluated by authenticating registered vehicle owner biometric to calculate the Accuracy, Average Response Time (ART) and Apdex Score. The result of the evaluation using 288 fingerprint templates of 72 vehicle owners shows the False Accept Rate (FAR) of 0.0% and False Reject Rate (FRR) of 2.1%, which is equivalent to a system accuracy of 97.9%. The ART for the fingerprint execution matching is 36.3 microseconds while the overall system satisfaction Apdex score recorded was 0.73, which denotes a satisfying system. The high-speed verification method uses the lowest computational power and execution time to deliver accurate results through making a match or non-match against stored templates. The developed system demonstrated its ability to link vehicle(s) to its respective owner(s) and also function as an automatic identity verification system for vehicle owners using VIN and fingerprint. The system has the ability to be employed for preventing fraudulent change of ownership and also help reduce delay in processing vehicle license.Keywords— authentication, biometrics, database, fraudulent, information protection, motor vehicle administration, motor vehicle registry, security code, vehicle owners