Prohibition on the Obligation to Disclose One’s Worldview, Religious Beliefs, or Religion in the Light of Article 53(7) of the Constitution of The Republic of Poland of April 2, 1997

The aim of this article is to present the normative content of article 53 clause 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2nd April 1997. The paper presents the subjective scope of the regulation, including the scope of subjects who enjoy the guarantee of the “right to silence” as well as the list of addressees of the prohibition. The analysis also presents the subjective scope of article 53 paragraph 7 of the Constitution, together with an indication of the legal problems that occur in the practice of law in the context of obligations to respect the “right to silence”. The research includes substantive and formal assessment of the legal provision in question.

FORMAL ASSESSMENT IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE COURSE FOR STUDENTS OF ECONOMIC SPECIALTIES

The article reveals different ways of evaluation the efficiency of teaching professional English lexis to the students of economic specialties in institutions of tertiary education in Ukraine. The author analyzes the main types of students’ professional translation skills estimation from the contextual, structural, methodological and situational perspectives.

THEMATIC DIRECTIONS OF DOMESTIC HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY AS INTERNAL FACTORS OF THE INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT: SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS BASED ON THE RSCI MATERIAL

Работа является продолжением исследования влиятельности отечественной истории психологии на материале массива публикаций, представленных в Российском индексе научного цитирования. В работе реализуются методы формальной оценки научной результативности. Анализируются внутренние факторы развития истории психологии как отрасли науки. Путем отбора и категоризации историко-психологических публикаций, индексированных в РИНЦ, выделяются тематические направления в истории психологии. Анализируются их библиометрические и наукометрические показатели. При помощи формальной оценки научной результативности и публикационной активности исследуется влияние отдельных тематических направлений истории психологии на развитие отрасли в целом. Рассчитывается агрегированный импакт-фактор по отрасли по годам за период с 2014 по 2019 годы. Рассчитывается двухлетний импакт-фактор для каждого из тематических направлений отрасли по годам за тот же период. Сопоставляется значение импакт-фактора за год каждого тематического направления со значением агрегированного импакт-фактора по отрасли того же года. Делается вывод о вкладе того или иного направления в восходящие и нисходящие тенденции тренда импактности отрасли. Сравниваются показатели импактности тематических направлений по годам. Выделяются наиболее результативные годы среди расчетных в отношении каждого из выделенных тематических направлений. На основе показателей продуктивности/востребованности тематических направлений истории психологии делаются выводы о сравнительной их проработанности. Рассматривается воспроизводимость историко-психологического знания в публикациях непсихологической тематики. Фиксируется формальное значение плато показателя влиятельности (импактности) отрасли. The work is a continuation of the study of the influence of the Russian history of psychology on the material of an array of publications indexed in the Russian Science Citation Index. The work implements methods of formal assessment of scientific performance. The internal factors of the development of the history of psychology as a branch of science are analyzed. By selecting and categorizing historical and psychological publications indexed in the RSCI, thematic directions in the history of psychology are distinguished. Their bibliometric and scientometric indicators are analyzed. Using a formal assessment of scientific performance and publication activity, the influence of certain thematic areas of the history of psychology on the development of the industry in general is investigated. The aggregated impact factor for the industry is calculated by year for the period from 2014 to 2019. A two-year impact factor is calculated for each of the thematic areas of the industry by years for the same period. The value of the impact factor for the year of each thematic area is compared with the value of the aggregated impact factor for the industry of the same year. A conclusion is made about the contribution of one direction or another to the upward and downward trends of the industry impact trend. The indicators of the impact of thematic areas are compared by year. The most productive years are distinguished among the calculated ones in relation to each of the selected thematic areas. Based on the indicators of productivity / relevance of thematic areas of the history of psychology, conclusions are drawn about their comparative elaboration. Reproducibility of historical and psychological knowledge in publications in non-psychological sources is considered. The formal value of the plateau of the indicator of the influence (impact) of the industry is fixed.

A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Approaches to Assessing Social Communication Disorders in Children

Purpose The purpose of this article is to explore and describe the approaches and specific assessment tools that speech-language pathologists are currently using to assess social communication disorders (SCDs) in children, in relation to current best practices. Method Ninety-four speech-language pathologists completed an online survey asking them to identify which of the following approaches they use to assess children with SCD: parent/teacher report, naturalistic observation, formal assessment, language sample analysis, interviews, semistructured tasks, and peer/self-report. Participants were also asked to identify specific assessment tools they use within each approach. Results Participants most commonly assess SCDs by combining interviews, naturalistic observation, language sampling, parent/teacher report, and formal assessment. Semistructured tasks and peer/self-report tools were less frequently utilized. Several established parent/teacher report and formal assessment tools were commonly identified for assessing SCDs. Most participants use an informal approach for interviews, language sampling, and naturalistic observations in their SCD assessment process. Conclusions Generally, participants follow best practices for assessing SCDs by combining several different approaches. Some considerations for future assessment are identified, including the use of established protocols in the place of informal approaches in order to make the assessment of SCDs more systematic. Future directions for research are discussed.

A multicentre point prevalence study of delirium assessment and management in patients admitted to Australian and New Zealand intensive care units

Objective: To characterise the assessment and management of delirium in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia and New Zealand. Methods: We conducted a multicentre observational point prevalence study across 44 adult Australian and New Zealand ICUs. Data were extracted for all patients in the ICU in terms of assessment and treatment of delirium. ICU-level data were collected regarding the use of explicit protocols related to delirium. Results: We studied 627 patients, with 54% (336/627) having at least one delirium screening assessment performed. The Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) was the most frequently used tool (88%, 296/336). Of patients assessed, 20% (68) were identified to have delirium. Eighteen per cent (111) of patients were administered a drug to manage delirium, with 41% (46) of those receiving a drug having no recorded assessment for delirium on that day. Of the drugs used to treat delirium, quetiapine was the most frequently administered. Physical restraints were applied to 8% (48/626) of patients, but only 17% (8/48) of such patients had been diagnosed with delirium. Most physically restrained patients either did not have delirium diagnosed (31%, 15/48) or had no formal assessment recorded (52%, 25/48) on that day. Conclusions: On the study day, more than 50% of patients had a delirium screening assessment performed, with 20% of screened patients deemed to have delirium. Drugs that are prescribed to treat delirium and physical restraints were frequently used in the absence of delirium or the formal assessment for its presence.

Health professional education and practice in preventing and controlling infections in New Zealand: a review to inform strategies for enhancing practitioner competencies and patient safety

ObjectiveQuality assurance for reducing infections is a key objective of the WHO’s global action plan targeting antimicrobial resistance, yet no studies have employed a multifaceted approach to review health professional education and practice in infection prevention and control (IPC). This study completed such a review.Methods and analysisNew Zealand medical and nursing curricula were analysed for IPC-related teaching and assessment. Clinicians (undergraduate to senior) received peer-expert evaluation while performing procedures demonstrating IPC competencies. Patient and clinician self-evaluation followed. Hospital IPC practice monitoring was also reviewed.ResultsMedical curricula had approximately twice the total IPC-related theory compared with nursing (79.71 vs 41.66 hours), emphasising microbiology. IPC theory in nursing curricula was applied, emphasising health and safety. Junior nursing students were rigorously taught (16.17 hours) and assessed (2.91 hours) in practical IPC competencies, whereas little practical instruction (2.62 hours) and no formal assessment existed for junior medical students. IPC teaching chiefly occurred during medical students’ senior clinical years, and was opportunistic, rotation-specific or in introductory sessions. Senior medical and nursing students were expected to be IPC-proficient but no formal assessment occurred. Peer review generally revealed satisfactory practice, however both professions had lapses with hand hygiene, asepsis and incorrect donning, removal and use of personal protective equipment. Clinician confidence in providing and being peer-reviewed for best IPC practice, and patients’ confidence in receiving best IPC care, was positively associated with clinician experience. Trainee interns, whose confidence in IPC practice was not matched by the same desire for monitoring/feedback as senior colleagues, were the exception.ConclusionMultifaceted approaches to IPC quality assurance have utility in identifying gaps, reducing infection transmission and reassuring staff and patients.

Challenging the dogma: a straight wrist should be the goal in radial dysplasia

For centuries, various techniques have been described to stabilize the carpus on the ulna in radial dysplasia to achieve a straight wrist, in the belief that it is better for function and cosmesis. Apart from ulnocarpal fusion, none had succeeded in preventing recurrence of radial deviation. Ulnocarpal fusion, however, carries the risk of shortening an already shortened forearm by damaging the epiphysis. Fingers are often stiff in radial dysplasia, and therefore a straight wrist may actually limit function. Formal assessment of the appearance in operated versus unoperated wrists remain inconclusive. This article challenges the dogma that a straight wrist should be the ideal goal in radial dysplasia. The optimum management of this condition remains debatable.