PEOPLES PERCEPTION ON WORKING OF PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM -A CASE STUDY OF KARIMNAGAR DISTRICTIN THE TELANGANA STATE OF INDIA

My study is intended to analyse how Peoples perception is very important because of the 73rd constitutional amendment act that was introduced to ensure political participation of underprivileged groups like Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes and Women through the reservation of provisions in Panchayati Raj System at grassroots level democracy. In this context, the peoples perception of working of Panchayati Raj institutions in Karimnagar district plays a very crucial role to reveal the actual ground realities thereof and to what extent they accomplished the above-mentioned objectives. several policy initiatives have been taken for effective implementation of reservation policy in Panchayati Raj in the district. The present research work also focussed on the political backwardness of scheduled castes, scheduled Tribe leadership in Panchayati Raj Institutions at the Panchayati level. It also reveals peoples perception to the conscious understanding that people have of public functionaries and official issues in the society and realistically based on their understanding level in the given context on a particular aspect.

Employment and Livelihoods among Tribal in India

The present article attempts to explore one of the most pertinent issues of livelihood among tribals in India. In this context, the following two key issues have been examined: (a) whether tribal people are still engaged primarily in agriculture or forestry related activities for their livelihood or they have moved to non-farm and industrial activities over the years and (b) whether the government affirmative action like reservation policy has helped the tribal people in joining more government/public/formal sector jobs. This article is based on analysis of last two decades secondary data from National Sample Surveys (NSS) and Census of India. On the basis of the analysis of the data it has been observed that the participation of tribals in public sector or formal sector jobs has increased over the years, which may be due to various affirmative actions by the governments’ reservation policy. However, the human capital base of tribals is still much below the other social groups. Another important fact has been revealed through probit regression analysis that the government reservation policy is exclusionary in effect. Maximum benefits have been derived by those who are highly educated and those who belong to high income group. These issues need urgent policy interventions for creating better livelihood conditions for the tribal population particularly for those who are relatively less benefitted.

Perceptional Effects of Reservation Policy for The Inclusive Civil Service of Nepal

This research article aims to carry out the perceptional effects of reservation policy for the inclusive civil service of Nepal with the theoretical foundation of equitable and a just society. This article adopted mixed method approach. Similarly, in order to show the linkage between primary and secondary data, content analysis was conducted from the observational notes, field notes, and responses collected by closed ended questionnaire for 130 respondents in questionnaire survey and interviews. The bivariate analysis between dependent variable and independent variable shows the effects of gender, age and education matters in inclusiveness of civil service i.e. there is high relationship between these variables. Organizational effects of reservation system have been highly significant relationship between the representativeness and participation in civil service of Nepal. This newly introduced system has been able to give some positive impacts in terms of increasing representation of some marginalized communities but has created some controversies and confusions as well. Whereas Nepalese reservation system has not still given comprehensive attention to all the dimensions of exclusion but its effects on generating attraction of some targeted marginalized people towards national bureaucratic system is literally praiseworthy Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 8, Issue-2: 380-390

HOTEL RESERVATION POLICY PADA MASA PANDEMI : REFUND, RESCEDULE ATAU CANCEL DI LABUANBAJO

ABSTRAKDengan adanya pandemic, pembatalan pemesanan hotel meningkat, yang menyebabkan tergangunya operasional hotel dan menyebabkan banyak karyawan hotel yang akhirnya harus mengalami pemutusan hubungan kerja atau dirumahkan untuk sementara waktu. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk mengetaui apa saja yang menjadi pertimbangan tamu sehingga memutuskan untuk membatalkan pemesanan kamarnya, lalu bagaimana altenatif yang diberikan oleh hotel untuk mempertahankan agar tamu tetap memutuskan untuk datang di waktu yang lain. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini yaitu kualitatif. Sampel yang digunakan adalah hotel bintang 4 dan 3 dengan jenis hotel resort dan bisnis hotel yang ada di Labuan Bajo Nusa Tenggara Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa altenative yang paling efektif digunakan yaitu melalui penjadwalan ulang pemesanan kamar dengan bentuk voucher yang dapat digunakan kapan saja tanpa batas waktu maksimal. Metode ini cukup efektif dalam membuat opeasional hotel tetap berjalan dan tidak merugikan tamu yang mengambil voucher tersebut. Kata kunci : Hotel , Pemesanan kamar, Kebijakan ABSTRACTWith the pandemic, cancellations of hotel bookings have increased, disrupting hotel operations and causing many hotel employees to end up being laid off or temporarily laid off. This research was made to find out what the guests considered so that they decided to cancel their room bookings, then how are the alternatives provided by the hotel to keep guests deciding to come at another time. The research method used in this research is qualitative. The samples used were 4 and 3 star hotels with the type of resort hotel and hotel business in Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara. The results showed that the most effective alternative to use was through rescheduling of room reservations in the form of vouchers that can be used anytime without a maximum time limit. This method is quite effective in keeping hotel operations running and not detrimental to guests who take the vouchers. Keywords : Hotel , Reservation, Policy

HUMAN RESOURCE THROUGH EDUCATION OF SCHEDULED CASTE IN KERALA

This paper analyses the policy of reservation for Scheduled castes in Kerala. The paper provides a brief overview of the caste system and discusses the types of groups that are eligible for reservation, based on data from government reports. The stance of this paper is that affirmative action has not benefited the lower castes due to contextual factors like low school enrolment and completion rates, and high dropout and failure rates. Also, continuous addition of more and more castes to the fold of reserved categories has diluted the positive impact of the reservation policy. This paper suggests that under-representation of any social group in educational institutions should be assessed with reference to sub-populations of secondary school completers and argues that, unlike Scheduled Castes and Tribes, Other Backward Castes are not markedly under-represented. Hence, the 27% quota declared by the government recently is not justified. The paper also highlights the human resources through the education social, pedagogic, psychological and political issues involved in the policy of reservation, and suggests that quotas should be based on economic criteria rather than on caste considerations.

INDIAN AND PAKISTANI REGIME TRAJECTORIES: SOCIAL HIERARCHY AND MAJORITY RELIGION’S PUBLIC PRESENCE VERSUS DEMOCRACY

The hierarchical organisation of society and the lack of distinction between the public and private sphere in Islam and Hinduism are cultural features of India and Pakistan that seem inconsistent with democracy. Reservation policy and the recognition of the most popular regional languages both demonstrate the adjustment of India’s democratic framework to the caste system and the arithmetic of ethnic groups respectively. These measures have helped to pave the way for India's smooth political transition. In contrast to the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League refused to introduce similar solutions in Pakistan. The public presence of Hinduism in India and Islam in Pakistan have barely affected the countries overall political trajectories. However, the recent radicalisation, marked by the rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party in India and the emergence of the Islamist political movements, including the Tehreek-e-Labbaik Party in Pakistan, have triggered tendencies towards authoritarianism. This paper concludes by reconsidering the similarities between the impact of the majority religion’s public presence on the post-2014 Indian and Pakistani regime trajectories. By the comparative analysis of the two countries, this study contributes to the contemporary debates in political sciences about the rise of authoritarianism and the demand for identity.

Christian Conversion and Colonial “Native Policy”: The Role of Missionaries in Formulating Reservation Policy in German Southwest Africa

This article examines how German Protestant missionaries to the Herero people influenced colonial “native policy” in German Southwest Africa in the years leading up to the Colonial War of 1904 to 1907. By the late 1890s, burgeoning European settlement increasingly displaced the Herero from their traditional territory. While colonial officials promoted more settlement, missionaries had developed a concept of conversion that linked Christianization with living in self-sufficient agricultural communities, and hoped to place limits on Herero displacement. Thus, missionaries and colonial officials engaged in protracted political negotiations over the creation of inalienable “native reservations” for the Herero. I show that missionaries’ model of Herero conversion prompted them to promote an alternative mode of settler colonialism that would make room in Southwest Africa for self-sufficient Herero settlements. Prior to the Colonial War, missionaries succeeded in convincing the colonial government to begin creating reservations, thus shaping colonial policy according to missionary priorities.

The exhaustion of the herding effect in peer-to-peer accommodation

A significant reason for the concentration of demand in a subset of the supply in the peer-to-peer market for tourist accommodation is herding behavior, by which the decisions of the first guests are imitated by those who follow. This article proposes a profit- and utility-maximization microeconomic model and implements it with data of Airbnb listings corresponding to 10 European cities. Results show that the influence of each additional review is positive but decreasing, inducing a more balanced distribution of demand among offered accommodation and thus dampening the herding effect. Moreover, reservation policy—specifically, enabling the instant booking option—is a key to explain the initial push that accommodations need to be demanded now and, hence, to increase their possibilities of being demanded in the future.