Formation of Creative Personality of Students Majoring in «Preschool Education» in the Process of Studying the Methods of Musical Education

The body of the article goes on to discuss the creative models of a student’s personality’s development in the process of mastering the course «Theory and methods of musical education of the preschool children». In general, the teacher's profession accumulates a big number of opportunities for the creative improvement of a would-be teacher's personality. All types of activities used while working with children in the process of mastering the artistic competencies (like fine arts, modeling, designing, appliqué work or musical activities) require not only technical skills, but also sufficient creative imagination, lively idea, the ability to combine different tasks and achieve the goals. Achieving this task is possible if students are involved into the process of mastering the active types of musical activities – singing, musical-rhythmic and instrumental activity, development of aesthetic perception of musical works. While watching the group of students trying to master the musical activity, it is easy to notice that they are good at repeating simple vocal and music-rhythmic exercises. This is due to the young man's ability to imitate. Musical and instrumental activities require much more efforts and attention. It is focused on the types and methods of sound production by the children's musical instruments, the organization of melodic line on the rhythm, the coherence of actions in the collective music: ensemble or the highest form of performance – orchestra. Other effective forms of work include: the phrase-based study of rhythmic and melodic party, the ability to hear and keep the pause, to agree the playing with the musical accompaniment of the conductor, to feel your partner, to follow the instructions of the partiture. All the above-mentioned elements require systematic training and well selected music repertoire. Students find interesting the creative exercises in the course of music-performing activities which develop musical abilities, imagination and interpretive skills of aesthetic perception of music, the complex of improvisational creativity in vocal, musical-rhythmic and instrumental activity. The experiments in verbal coloring of a musical work are interesting too. Due to the fact that children perceive music figuratively, it is necessary for the teacher to learn to speak about music in a creative and vivid way. After all, music as well as poetry or painting, is a considerable emotional expression of feelings, moods, ideas and character. To crown it all, important aspects of the would-be teacher’s creative personality’s development include the opportunities for practical and classroom work at the university, where they can develop the musical abilities of students as well as the professional competence of the would-be specialist in music activity. The period of pedagogical practice is the best time for a student, as it is rich in possibilities and opportunities to form his or her creative personality. In this period in the process of the direct interaction with the preschool-aged children students form their consciousness; improve their methodical abilities and creative individuality in the types of artistic activity.

Relationship between average daily rehabilitation time and decline in instrumental activity of daily living among older patients with heart failure: A preliminary analysis of a multicenter cohort study, SURUGA-CARE

Background Limitation of instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) is independently associated with an adverse prognosis in older heart failure (HF) patients. Aims This multicenter study aims to examine the relationship between average daily rehabilitation time (ADRT) and risk of IADL decline during acute hospitalization in older patients with HF. Methods Four hundred eleven older patients who were hospitalized due to acute HF and underwent rehabilitation were divided into three groups based on the tertile of the ADRT: short, intermediate, and long groups. IADL was assessed by the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Activities of Daily Living (NCGG-ADL) scale. Change in NCGG-ADL (Δ NCGG-ADL) was calculated by subtracting the pre-hospitalization score from the at-discharge score and IADL decline was defined as Δ NCGG-ADL < = −1 point. Logistic regression analysis was carried out examining the association between ADRT and occurrence of IADL decline. Results The ADRT was 23.9, 32.0, and 38.6 minutes in short, intermediate, and long group, respectively. The proportion of patients with IADL decline during hospitalization was 21% among all subjects and short group had the highest proportion of IADL decline (33%) and long group had the lowest proportion (14%). The long group had significantly lower odds of IADL decline compared with the short group (OR:0.475, 95% CI:0.231–0.975, P = 0.042). Among the items of NCGG-ADL scale, significant decreases in the “go out by oneself”, “travel using a bus or train”, “shop for necessities”, “vacuum”, and “manage medication” were observed at discharge compared to pre-hospitalization in the short group (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05, and p<0.05). Conclusions The present study demonstrated that short of ADRT may be associated with the risk of IADL decline during hospitalization in older patients with HF.

Prevalence and Determinants of Activity of Daily Living and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Among Elderly in India

Background: The increase in life expectancy has proliferated the number of elderly and subsequently increased the prevalence of disability among the elderly. This study assesses the prevalence of Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) and analyzed determinants of ADL and IADL among elderly aged 60 and over living in India.Methods: The study utilized the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI, 2017-18) data, and information was sought from 31,464 elderly aged 60 years and above. An index of ADL and IADL was created on a scale of three levels, exhibiting no, moderate, or severe levels of ADL/IADL disability. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the effect of sociodemographic parameters on ADL and IADL disability among the elderly.Results: Around 3 percent of the elderly reported severe ADL disability, and 6 percent elderly reported severe IADL disability. Elderly who were not involved in any physical activity than their counterparts were more likely to report severe ADL (RRR=2.68, C.I.=1.66-4.32) and severe IADL (RRR=2.70, C.I.=1.98-3.67) than no ADL and no IADL, respectively. Conclusion: Amidst the study finding, the study emphasizes the importance of setting-up of geriatric care centres in rural and urban areas. It would be feasible to provide geriatric care under the umbrella of already functioning government health facilities in different parts of the country. Community interventions earmarking the elderly with a focus on physical activity, specifically when they are based in group physical exercise and implemented through existing networks, are rewarding for the elderly.

STUDI KOHOR ATMA JAYA ACTIVE AGING RESEARCH: GANGGUAN KOGNITIF LANJUT USIA

ABSTRAK Gangguan kognitif merupakan bagian dari proses neurodegeneratif, saat ini belum ada perawatan atau pengobatan untuk mencegah progresifitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko gangguan kognitif dalam studi prospektif. Penelitian dengan desain studi kohort prospektif pada 110 subjek dengan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria memiliki kognitif normal, pendidikan lebih dari 9 tahun dan berusia di atas 60 tahun yang berasal dari wilayah binaan Atma Jaya Active Aging Research yaitu Penjaringan, Cideng dan Cengkareng pada tahun 2014-2015 sebagai baseline studi. Fungsi kognitif diperiksa ulang setelah follow-up 2,5 tahun. Subjek diidentifikasi gangguan kognitif jika memiliki skor Mini Mental State Examination kurang dari 24. Penelitian kami menemukan bahwa 16,4% subjek mengalami gangguan kognitif dengan rerata usia 68,6 ± 6,3 tahun, dan 63 perempuan (57,3%). Skor Instrumental Activity Daily Living yang lebih rendah di awal studi memprediksi penurunan kognitif setelah 2,5 tahun follow up secara independen (13,9 ± 2,6 vs 15,3 ± 1,4; p-value= 0,001). Analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa skor Instrumental Activity Daily Living yang lebih rendah memprediksi 1,47 kali untuk mengalami gangguan kognitif pada lanjut usia dengan pendidikan diatas 9 tahun setelah 2,5 tahun follow up. Nilai Instrumental Activity Daily Living yang lebih rendah ditemukan sebagai prediktor gangguan kognitif pada lansia setelah 2,5 tahun follow up. Kata-kata kunci: Neurodegeneratif, penilaian, fungsional, klinis, kohor ABSTRACT Cognitive impairment is a part of neurodegenerative process, currently there was no treatment or medication to prevent the progressivity. The aims of the study was to investigate the risk factors of cognitive impairment in prospective study. The study was a prospective cohort study design on 110 subjects with sampling conducted by purposive sampling based on the criteria of having normal cognitive, education more than 9 years and aged over 60 years. The study based from the Atma Jaya Active Aging Research in Penjaringan, Cideng dan Cengkareng in 2014-2015 as the study baseline. The cognitive function was re-examined after a follow up 2.5-year. Subjects identified cognitive impairment if had Mini Mental State Examination score less than 24. Our study found that 16.4% subjects was cognitive impairment with mean of age 68.6±6.3 years, and 63 (57.3%) female. Lower Instrumental Activity of Daily Living score at baseline predicted cognitive impairment at the present (13.9±2.6vs15.3±1.4; p-value= 0.001). Multivariat analyses using regression logistic showed that lower Instrumental Activity Daily Living score predicting 1.47 more likely to progress cognitive impairment in elderly after follow up 2.5 years. Lower of Instrumental Activity Daily Living score found as a risk factor of worse cognitive funtion in elderly after 2.5-year prospective study. Keywords: Neurodegenerative, functional, assessment, clinical, follow up

FAKTOR RISIKO GANGGUAN KOGNITIF PADA LANSIA: STUDI PROSPEKTIF ATMA JAYA ACTIVE AGING RESEARCH

ABSTRAKGangguan kognitif merupakan bagian dari proses neurodegeneratif, saat ini belum ada perawatan atau pengobatan untuk mencegah progresifitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko gangguan kognitif dalam studi prospektif. Penelitian dengan desain studi kohort prospektif pada 110 subjek dengan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria memiliki kognitif normal, pendidikan lebih dari 9 tahun dan berusia di atas 60 tahun yang berasal dari wilayah binaan Atma Jaya Active Aging Research yaitu Penjaringan, Cideng dan Cengkareng pada tahun 2014-2015 sebagai baseline studi. Fungsi kognitif diperiksa ulang setelah follow-up 2,5 tahun. Subjek diidentifikasi gangguan kognitif jika memiliki skor MMSE kurang dari 24. Penelitian kami menemukan bahwa 16,4% subjek mengalami gangguan kognitif dengan rerata usia 68,6 ± 6,3 tahun, dan 63 (57,3%) perempuan. Skor Instrumental Activity Daily Living yang lebih rendah di awal studi memprediksi penurunan kognitif setelah 2,5 tahun follow up (13,9 ± 2,6vs15,3 ± 1,4; p-value< 0,001) secara independen. Analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa skor IADL yang lebih rendah memprediksi 1,47 kali untuk mengalami gangguan kognitif pada lansia dengan pendidikan diatas 9 tahun setelah 2,5 tahun follow up. Nilai IADL yang lebih rendah ditemukan sebagai prediktor gangguan kognitif pada lansia setelah 2,5 tahun follow up.Kata-kata kunci: aktivitas-kehidupan sehari-hari, gangguan kognitif, lansia, prospektif.ABSTRACTCognitive impairment is a part of neurodegenerative process, currently there was no treatment or medication to prevent the progresivity. The aims of the study was to investigate the risk factors of cognitive impairment in prospective study. The study was a prospective cohort study design on 110 subjects with sampling conducted by purposive sampling based on the criteria of having normal cognitive, education more than 9 years and aged over 60 years. The study based from the Atma Jaya Active Aging Research in Penjaringan, Cideng dan Cengkareng in 2014-2015 as the study baseline. The cognitive function was re-examined after a follow up 2.5-year. Subjects identified cognitive impairment if had MMSE score less than 24. Our study found that 16.4% subjects was cognitive impairment with mean of age 68.6±6.3 years, and 63 (57.3%) female. Lower Instrumental Activity of Daily Living score at baseline predicted cognitive impairment at the present (13.9±2.6vs15.3±1.4; p-value< 0.001). Multivariat analyses using regression logistic showed that lower IADL score predicting 1.47 more likely to progress cognitive impairment in elderly after follow up 2.5 years. Conclusion: Lower of IADL score found as a risk factor of worse cognitive funtion in elderly after 2.5-year prospective study.Keywords: activity-daily living, cognitive impairment, elderly, prosepective.

Centanarians of Moscow: functional, cognitive and emotional state

The long-livers of Moscow: functional, cognitive and emotional status. Aim: To evaluate the functional, cognitive and emotional state of long-livers for determining the amount of necessary assistance from social services and medical personnel.Methods: According to the register of super-long-livers of Moscow, 82 people aged from 95 to 105 years were recruited. Participants looked around at home. When visiting, the comprehensive geriatric assessment were performed for each paitent, including an assessment of the overall level of physical and instrumental activity, mental status and cognitive functions. The following questionnaires were used for the assessment: a brief scale of mental status assessment (MMSE), a geriatric scale of depression, the Barthel index (activity in everyday life), IADL (assessment of instrumental activity), to assess the quality of life, a visual assessment scale (VAS) was used.Result: The study showed that, on average, people who reached or were approaching the 100th anniversary had a high level of instrumental (15.6 +/–5.4) and daily activity (72 +/–27.8). In general, no significant decrease in cognitive functions (21.8 +/–5.6) and emotional level (6.3 +/–4.1) was detected in the study participants.Conclusion: The first data showed the uniqueness and fragility of people in this age group. Future work using a similar integrated and multidimensional approach is necessary for a better understanding of aging processes and risk factors worsening the condition of patients, ensuring an increase in the number of centenarians with a high level of life satisfaction.

A Tablet-Based Volunteer-Mediated Intervention for Cognitively Impaired Older People: A Pretest–Posttest

Purpose: This study evaluated the potential effectiveness of a tablet-based, volunteer-led intervention (Lok Chi In-home Training) for cognitively impaired older people in improving cognitive and emotional health. Method: A one-group pretest and posttest design was adopted, involving 57 community-dwelling older people with cognitive impairments (Montreal Cognitive Score between 13 and 22, without neuropsychiatric behavioral problem). Trained volunteers performed eight in-home training sessions using a tablet to facilitate. Outcome measures include cognitive function, depression, activity of daily living, and instrumental activity of daily living. Results: A paired sample t test indicated that after receiving Lok Chi In-home Training, participants showed significantly large improvements on cognitive ability, moderate improvements on depression, and small improvements on instrumental activity of daily living. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the feasibility and potential benefits of Lok Chi intervention for improving cognition and emotion.

Screening for Post-Stroke Depression and Cognitive Impairment at Baseline Predicts Long-Term Patient-Centered Outcomes After Stroke

Background: Independence and reintegration into community roles are important patient-centered outcomes after stroke. Depression and cognitive impairment are common post-stroke conditions that may impair long-term function even years after a stroke. However, screening for these post-stroke comorbidities remains infrequent in stroke prevention clinics and the utility of this screening for predicting long-term higher-level function has not been evaluated. Aims: To evaluate the ability of a validated brief Depression, Obstructive sleep apnea, and Cognitive impairment screen (DOC screen) to predict long-term (2-3 years after stroke) community participation and independence in instrumental activities of daily living post stroke. Methods: One hundred twenty-four patients (mean age, 66.3 [standard deviation = 15.7], 52.4% male) completed baseline depression and cognitive impairment screening at first stroke clinic visit, and telephone interviews 2 to 3 years post stroke to assess community independence (Frenchay Activities Index [FAI]) and participation (Reintegration to Normal Living Index [RNLI]). A subset of these patients also consented to complete detailed neuropsychological testing at baseline. Univariate and multivariate linear (FAI) and logistic (RNLI) regression analyses were used to determine the individual relationship between baseline data (predictors) and follow-up scores. Results: Older age (β = −0.17, P = .001), greater stroke severity (β = 1.84, P = .015), more depressive (β = −2.41, P = .023), and cognitive (β = −2.15, P = .046) symptoms independently predicted poor instrumental activity ( R2 = .27; P < .001). Measures of executive dysfunction were the strongest correlates of poor instrumental activity. Higher depression risk was the only significant predictor of participation on the RNLI in regression modeling (odds ratio = 0.46, P = .028). Conclusions: Baseline DOC screening in stroke prevention clinics shows that symptoms of depression and cognitive impairment are independent predictors of impaired higher-level functioning and community reintegration 2 to 3 years after stroke. Novel rehabilitation and psychological interventions targeting people with these conditions are needed to improve long-term patient-centered outcomes.