The Intersection of Cultural Context and Research Encounter: Focus on Interviewing in Qualitative Research

This article discusses the influence of the cultural context on the interview process. With literature demonstrating the role of spatial context on interviews, the article contends that similar consideration should be given to cultural contexts of research studies. Focusing on the cultural context where the interview takes place and the interactions during the interview can help researchers understand and analyze interview material. Interview forms such as conversation/interview bombing emerged from the interaction of cultural context with the interview process. This points to the need for qualitative researchers to explore how the cultural context shapes their research encounter. Such focus will expand the literature on the forms of interview emerging from the intersection of cultural context and interviewing as well as research on spatiality and interview.

A strengths-based approach and safeguarding adults – are they compatible?

Purpose This paper aims to stimulate discussion. Design/methodology/approach The paper is a personal reflection and is not a research paper; there is not therefore a design or methodology that was used in its writing. Findings While it may initially appear that a strength-based approach is incompatible with safeguarding adults, it can be a valuable long-term tool in supporting adults who have been abused or self-neglected. Research limitations/implications The piece is a personal reflection and therefore not based on research but it does highlight the need for further research to develop tools to facilitate the interface between safeguarding and a strengths-based approach. Practical implications The need to recognise when a strengths-based approach is and is not appropriate in safeguarding adults. Originality/value The author is not aware of a similar consideration of the interface between safeguarding adults practice and a strengths-based approach.

Safeguarding Adult Reviews: the experience of one Independent Author

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the process of undertaking a Safeguarding Adult Review (SAR) from the perspective of an Independent Author and from an agency participating in one and to stimulate a debate on both the process and the culture of Safeguarding Adults Boards that commission them. Design/methodology/approach The author drew solely on his own experience as an Independent Author and member of an SAR Panel. Findings The finding of this paper is that Safeguarding Adults Board vary in their commissioning process for SARs and their expectations of the role of Independent Author and the SAR Panel. Research limitations/implications The paper is drawn from the experience of the author and is therefore subjective. Practical implications There are implications for the role of Independent Authors and the process by which SARs are commissioned and managed. Originality/value The author is not aware of similar consideration of the experience of an Independent Author or of an agency participating in a SAR.

Classification of Lung Cancer: Proposals for Change?

Clinical need and developments in pathology and molecular biology require our cancer classifications to be constantly updated to keep them relevant and useful. A review of lung cancer classification is due and has been initiated with new proposals on classification of lung adenocarcinoma. Other major lung cancer types also deserve a similar consideration. As well as addressing the categories of tumor, as signed out in surgical resection specimens, recent proposals on small diagnostic-sample reporting would be an important addition to any new classification. The huge increase in data on the molecular biology of lung cancer has improved our understanding of these diseases, has driven improved therapy for some patients, and must be reflected in the way lung cancer is classified.

Speech Quality Measurement and the Management of Stuttering

This paper reviews the various approaches that have been made toward the investigation of speech quality in stuttering treatment. The review takes into account the findings of relevant perceptual and acoustic investigations in the area of normal communication skills and voice disorders. Similar consideration is given to investigations on the stutter-free speech of stutterers where the contribution and relevance of this research to the search for a reliable and viable measure of speech quality is discussed. The review concludes with an overview of some promising findings from recent studies on the use of listener ratings of speech naturalness in the measurement and modification of untreated and treated stutterers. Some avenues for research and issues that have emerged from these studies are also discussed.

CONTAMINATION OF MUSTARD AND CANOLA SEED BY FRASS OF PAINTED LADY CATERPILLARS, VANESSA CARDUI (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE)

A substantial amount of the mustard and a small amount of the canola seed produced in the prairie provinces in 1983 was downgraded due to excessive content of insect frass. Because the frass was similar in size to the seed, much of it was not removed by the usual cleaning processes. Most seriously affected was mustard seed which has a contamination limit of 1 frass pellet per 500 g for grade Nos. 1, 2 and 3 Canada and 0.005% by weight for No. 4 Canada (Can. Grain Comm. 1983). Initially the limit for canola was 0.02% by weight based on tolerances established for rodent (vertebrate) excreta. Because insect (non-vertebrate) excreta is less detrimental than rodent excreta, the limits for non-vertebrate excreta in canola marketed within Canada were increased to 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% for grades No. 1, 2 and 3 respectively (per. comm., L. Sequin, Deputy Director, Standards and Technology, Canadian Grain Commission). The previous limit of 0.02% remains in effect for canola entering the export market. Similar consideration was given to revising the limit for insect excreta in mustard seed but no change was made because the quality criteria are quite different; canola is extracted for its oil whereas mustard seed may undergo little processing before being consumed.

Timing Space and Spacing Time

A plea is made for a chronosophical approach to the selection of dimensions of time which might be relevant to the description and explanation of urban processes. Following the definition of some basic terms and concepts which might be used in the future development of a notational schema, the paper considers some possibilities which are inherent in the idea of timing space. This is followed by similar consideration of the idea of spacing time. These themes are compounded in a simple example which suggests that fundamental ongoing processes in daily urban behaviour are usefully summarised by what we call the accordion effect. The final section proposes that new insights into the problem of evaluating the quality of life of urban residents are obtained when such an approach is taken.

On the calculus of finite differences and its application to problems in the doctrine of compound interest and certain annuities

The calculus of finite differences was created by Taylor, in his celebrated work entitled Methodus Incrementorum, and it consists, essentially, in the consideration of the finite increments which functions receive as a consequence of analogous increments on the part of the corresponding variables. These increments or differences, which take the characteristic Δ to distinguish them from differentials, or infinitely small increments, may be in their turn regarded as new functions, and become the subject of a second similar consideration, and so on; from which results the notion of differences of various successive orders, analogous at least in appearance to the consecutive orders of differentials. Suc h a calculus evidently presents, like the calculus of indirect functions, two general classes of questions:—1. To determine the successive differences of all the various analytical functions of one or more variables, as the result of a definite manner of increase of the independent variables, which are generally supposed to augment in arithmetical progression.2. Reciprocally to start from these differences, or, more generally, from any equation established between them, and go back to the primitive functions themselves or to their corresponding relations