Malignant lymphoma of the urethra in a cat

A thirteen-year-old, neutered, female Domestic Shorthair (DSH) was referred to the hospital with a suspicion of traumatic uroabdomen. Abdominal ultrasound revealed free peritoneal fluid and cellular infiltration of the urethra, kidneys, abdominal lymph nodes and cecal wall. Analysis of the free fluid confirmed the presence of uroabdomen. Cytology of the infiltrative lesions in the kidneys, urethra and lymph nodes confirmed the presence of multicentric malignant lymphoma. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report of lymphomatous infiltration of the urethra in a cat.

Immunehistochemical and Histomorphological Study of Postnatal Development of the cecal tonsils in Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo )

Forty normal turkeys divided into four age groups:1 week, 1 month, 2 months and 7 months. The cecal tonsils were separated and prepared for histological and Immunohistochemical studies. At 1 week old the tonsil appear as lymphoid aggregation of the lamina propria submucosa around central fossula. No septae among follicles, no germinal centers observed. At 1 month old the cecal portion which included the tonsil easily separated from other parts due to an increase cecal wall diameter was increased. The tonsil composed of a lot of tonsil crypts. The tissue septae among the crypts observed. At 2 and 7 months old the tonsils bulging from the internal surface of cecum toward the lumen as a rough large mass white to pink in color, germinal centers were present in the lymphoid follicles, the cecal tonsil diameter is increase with ages. The lymphocytes diameter is increasing with age also the internal surface of tonsil was lined with simple columnar epithelium (intestinal mucosa). The dimensions of cecal tonsils and lymphocytes measurements and tonsil mucosa are significantly increase with age. (CD268) antibody revealed presence of mature B lymphocytes within the parenchyma of bursa at two and seven month’s old turkey. CD8 no expressed at the first month age while different degrees of expression appeared at the other ages.

Preoperative Diagnosis and Surgical Approach of Appendiceal Mucinous Cystadenoma: Usefulness of Volcano Sign

We report a case of appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma that was successfully diagnosed preoperatively and treated by laparoscopic resection. We could find volcano sign on colonoscopy and cystic lesion without any nodules at the appendix on computed tomography (CT). Without any malignant factors in preoperative examinations, we performed laparoscopic appendectomy including the cecal wall. We could avoid performing excessive operation for cystadenoma with accurate preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative finding and pathological diagnosis during surgery. Appendiceal mucocele is a rare disease that is divided into 3 pathological types: hyperplasia, cystadenoma, and cystadenocarcinoma. The surgical approaches for it remain controversial and oversurgery is sometimes done for benign tumor, because preoperative diagnosis is difficult and rupturing an appendiceal tumor results in dissemination. Based on our study, volcano sign on colonoscopy and CT findings were important for the preoperative diagnosis of appendiceal mucocele. Furthermore, we think that laparoscopic resection will become a surgical option for the treatment of appendiceal mucocele.

The Effect of Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor on the Development of Adhesion Formation in Laparotomized Rats: Experimental Study

Aims.This study determined the effects of a single dose of bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), on adhesion formation in the rat cecal abrasion model.Methodology.Thirty female Wistar albino rats (200–224 g) were divided into three groups. All rats underwent laparotomy at which time cecal wall abrasion and abdominal wall injuries were induced. Group I (control) underwent only the abrasion procedure; Groups II and III received saline or bevacizumab intraperitoneally, respectively, following the abrasion. The rats were killed on postoperative day 7, and the severity of adhesions was evaluated, together with histopathological fibrosis parameters and immunohistochemical staining to identify the VEGF receptor.Results.The mean adhesion severity score in Groups I–III was2.5±0.52,2.4±0.69, and0.7±0.82, respectively; the score in Group III was significantly lower than that in Groups I (P<0.001) and II (P<0.001). In the histopathological evaluation, the mean fibrosis score in Group III was significantly lower that the scores in Groups I (P<0.001) and II (P<0.001). VEGF staining of the adhesion areas in Group III was significantly lower than that in Groups I (P<0.001) and II (P<0.001).Conclusion. Bevacizumab decreases adhesion formation following laparotomy in rats by blocking VEGF receptor occupancy.

Clinical and histological responses to laparoscopically-induced peritonitis in rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of inducing peritonitis in rats through laparoscopic cecal ligation (CL), by means of an elastic band. METHODS: Twelve Wistar rats were subjected to cecal ligated with an elastic band applied using a specially constructed applicator. In six of the animals (the CL group) the cecal sac was preserved intact whilst in the remaining animals (the CLP group) the sac was perforated with scissors. Clinical parameters, characteristics of the peritoneal cavity and cecum, and histological features of the cecal tissue were observed in all experimental animals 8 and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: CLP animals exhibited at least one clinical sign of sepsis within the first 8 h of observation. The peritoneal liquid was observed to be clear in almost all members of the CLP. Polymorphonucleated cells were detected in the tunica serosa of the cecum of CLP animals. In contrast, all members of the CL group were alive after 24h, and of polymorphonucleated cells in the muscle layer of the cecal wall were observed. The presence of peritoneal liquid was not detected in CL animals. CONCLUSION: Although elastic ligation of the cecum was reproducible, puncture of the cecal sac was essential for induction of sepsis.

Differential effect of imipenem treatment on wild-type and NK cell-deficient CD8 knockout mice during acute intra-abdominal injury

CD8 knockout mice depleted of natural killer (NK) cells by treatment with anti-asialoGM1 (CD8KO/αAsGM1 mice) are resistant to injury caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). However, CLP-induced injury is complex. Potential sources of injury include bacterial dissemination, cecal ischemia, and translocation of bacterial toxins. We treated wild-type and CD8KO/αAsGM1 mice with imipenem after CLP to decrease bacterial dissemination. Additional mice were subjected to cecal ligation without puncture of the cecal wall or cecal ligation and removal of cecal contents. Imipenem treatment decreased bacterial counts by at least two orders of magnitude. However, all wild-type mice, whether treated with saline or imipenem, died by 42 h after CLP and exhibited significant hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, and high plasma cytokine concentrations. Wild-type mice subjected to cecal ligation without puncture also died, despite very low bacterial counts in blood, but wild-type mice subjected to cecal ligation and washout of cecal contents survived. In CD8KO/αAsGM1 mice subjected to CLP, imipenem treatment increased survival from 50% to 100%. After cecal ligation without puncture, long-term survival was 80–90% in CD8KO/αAsGM1 mice. Hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, and cytokine production were attenuated in CD8KO/αAsGM1 mice compared with wild-type controls. These results indicate that bacterial dissemination is not a major source of injury in wild-type mice after CLP, but the presence of gut flora in the cecal lumen is required for induction of systemic inflammation after cecal injury. CD8KO/αAsGM1 mice are resistant to the systemic manifestations of cecal injury.

Gas supersaturation in the cecal wall of mice due to bacterial CO2production

Pco2in the lumen and serosa of cecum and jejunum was measured in mice. The anesthetic used was a fentanyl-fluanisone-midazolam mixture.[Formula: see text] was recorded in vivo and postmortem. [Formula: see text] was 409 ± 32 Torr (55 ± 4 kPa) in the cecal lumen and 199 ± 22 Torr (27 ± 3 kPa) on the serosa in normal mice. Irrigation of the cecum resulted in serosal and luminal [Formula: see text]levels of 65–75 Torr. Cecal [Formula: see text]was significantly lower in germ-free mice (65 ± 5 Torr). Cecal[Formula: see text] increased significantly after introduction of normal bacterial flora into germ-free mice. Introduction of bacterial monocultures into germ-free mice had no effect. After the deaths of the mice, cecal[Formula: see text] increased rapidly in normal mice. The intestinal bacteria produced the majority of the cecal[Formula: see text], and the use of tonometry in intestinal segments with a high bacterial activity should be interpreted with caution. We propose that serosal[Formula: see text] levels >150–190 Torr (20–25 kPa) in the cecum of mice with a normal circulation may represent a state of gas supersaturation in the cecal wall.