Implementation of Targhib And Tarhib Methods to Teach Aqidah and Akhlaq Subject in Madrasah

This study is aimed at investigating targib and tarhib method in terms of : planning, implementation, supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation, evaluation and success rate of application. This research applied qualitative method using descriptive analytic. The data were collected using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analysed by selecting, sorting data obtained, analysing and drawing conclusions. The findings show that the planning was designed in terms of learning strategies, techniques and tactics in the document of lesson plan. The implementation was in accordance with the planning written in the learning steps in the document of lesson plan. The supporting factors included innovative and competent teachers in their fields, full support from the principal, support from the teacher council and school staff, and the availability of facilities and infrastructure. The inhibiting factors covered the differences in the students’ background and the location of the classrooms which is next to public roads and residents' houses. The evaluation was done by observing students’ attitudes and administering the oral tests in learning. The success rate of implementation can be seen from the increase in the students’ awareness to behave ahlak karimah in everyday life.

Rural principal perspectives of leadership development needs

Rural school principals often face issues of professional isolation and lack of access to leadership development opportunities. To address these challenges, the Elgin Children’s Foundation launched its Principal Support Program (PSP) in 2017 to support the development of effective school leaders in three states with high rural student populations in the Appalachian region. The PSP posited four components as essential for principal development: professional development, networking, mentoring, and learning plans. The aim of this qualitative study was to determine what PSP participants believed to be the most effective in terms of principal development. Results indicate that because of PSP training, rural principals grew from managers to instructional leaders and changed their mindsets and practices regarding shared leadership. Principals believed that they benefited most from the networking and coaching that the PSP provided. Future professional development for rural principals should consider a focus on opportunities to learn with and through others.

Evaluating Psychometric Properties of the New Teachers’ Perceptions of Collective Efficacy to Handle Bullying Scale (TCEB)

Collective efficacy is a promising theoretical construct that has been used to explain bullying rates in school. The development of school collective efficacy scales has increased in bullying research in recent years; however, gaps remain in measuring collective efficacy to handle bullying. This research assessed the psychometric properties of a new scale to evaluate collective efficacy against bullying. This first-order one-dimensional scale is called the teachers’ perceptions of collective efficacy to handle bullying (TCEB) scale. A sample of 804 Mexican primary teachers completed questionnaires. The sample was randomly split into two subsamples for calibration (n = 402) and cross-validation analysis (n = 402). The factor structure was supported by confirmatory factorial analysis. Measurement equivalence was confirmed by gender. The latent means differences showed no statistically significant differences by teachers’ gender. The TCEB correlation with school environment factors (e.g., principal support, school climate, and bullying) confirms the scale’s discriminant and concurrent validity. Our findings suggest that TCEB is a suitable instrument to assess teachers’ perceptions of collective efficacy to handle bullying, a construct that has proved to help predict a positive whole-school context and student bullying involvement.

Building a climate of faculty trust in students through principal support of student psychological needs

PurposeThis study was designed to test the relationship between principal support of student psychological needs and faculty trust in students. Without direct empirical evidence to draw from, the line of reasoning integrated evidence on social-cognitive processes involved in trust formation and conversation theory to advance two hypotheses: (1) After accounting for school and leadership conditions, principal support of student psychological needs will be related to school differences in faculty trust in students; (2) The relationship between principal support of student psychological needs and faculty trust in students is mediated by a positive view of the teaching task.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses were tested with a nonexperimental, correlational research design using ex post facto data. Due to the hierarchical structure of the data, hypotheses were tested with a 2-2-1 multilevel mediation model in HLM 7.03 with restricted maximum likelihood estimation.FindingsFindings were consistent with the hypothesized relationships – principal support of student psychological needs was related to faculty trust in students and this relationship was mediated by teacher perceptions of the teaching task.Originality/valueSchool research has primarily examined interpersonal antecedents of trust, focusing on behaviors and characteristics that position a person or group as trustworthy. This study extends trust research to the cognitive side of the formation process, calling attention to the function of mental representation in shaping trust discernments. Results suggest that cognitive processes hold promise as both a source of faculty trust in students and as a malleable mental structure that school leaders can shape through conversation.

Innovative Work Behavior among Teachers in Malaysia: The Effects of Teamwork, Principal Support, and Humor

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) gives impetus to educational reform. Education experts have recently recognised the benefits of using technology in learning and teaching. They believe that innovations will shape Education 4.0 and that teachers will need to be prepared to build creative learning environments that support student creativity. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between teamwork, principal support, humor, and innovative work behaviour (IWB) among teachers. This study was conducted using a questionnaire, with a sample size of 354 school teachers in Malaysia. Multiple linear regression analysis has shown that teachers with high quality of teamwork and principal support were more likely to report innovative work behaviour. The findings indicated that teachers who frequently use humour can create more innovative behaviour. This paper can help managers and policymakers in the education sector, to develop a better understanding of these aspects, and their influence on teachers' innovative behaviour at work. In doing so, it would be helpful if teachers learnt effective procedures for innovative behaviour in class, via means of teamwork, humor, and principal support, to enhance their educational efforts. It is, therefore useful to establish university courses for pre-service teachers, focusing on new collaborative innovation strategies to encourage creativity and innovation in educational settings, and to apply collaborative creativity exercises in the classroom. Keywords: Teamwork quality, Humor, Principal support, Teachers, Innovative work behavior, Malaysia

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EFEKTIVITAS PENGAJARAN MEMBANGUN MODEL MENTAL BACAAN BAGI GURU SEKOLAH DASAR

Building Mental Models Teaching during reading is beneficial to improve students' reading and thinking skills. However, this teaching was not popular because the implementation was complicated. Efforts to develop learning models to build mental models for teachers are continuously being pursued. This study examines the factors that can affect the effectiveness of teacher training. Data is collected through documentation of the entire training process, starting from preparation, implementation, and completion. Interviews and in-depth observations were held in this in-house training process. Participants of this in-house training are a group of primary school teachers in Salatiga (10 teachers) and Tanjungpandan (10 teachers). The results show, there are 5 factors that need to be considered to achieve the effectiveness of in-house training of building mental models: (a) principal support, (b) association with certification, (c) training implementation time, (d) teachers' prior knowledge, (e) teacher habits when teaching in classroom, especially regarding assessment. Based on the evaluation of this training, the material presented was considered quite easy by the teacher. However, there is a tendency that teachers' habits in assessment affect the learning to build mental models that are carried out. There are habits that have the potential to interfere with the freedom of thought that are being developed. Based on the results of this study, it is hoped that the teaching carried out by the teacher can encourage students to think independently, not solely focusing on academic achievement. Pengajaran Membangun Model Mental saat membaca bermanfaat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca dan berpikir siswa. Namun pengajaran ini tidak populer karena pelaksanaannya yang tidak sederhana. Upaya mengembangkan model pembelajaran membangun model mental bagi para guru terus diupayakan. Penelitian ini mengkaji faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas pelatihan guru. Data dikumpulkan melalui dokumentasi seluruh proses pelatihan, mulai dari persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan penyelesaian. Wawancara dan observasi mendalam dilaksanakan dalam proses in house training. Partisipan in house training dalam penelitian ini adalah kelompok guru SD di Salatiga (10 guru) dan Tanjungpandan (10 guru). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 5 faktor yang perlu dipertimbangkan untuk mencapai keefektifan in house training pembelajaran membangun model mental: (a) dukungan kepala sekolah, (b) pengaitan dengan sertifikasi, (c) waktu pelaksanaan pelatihan, (d) pengetahuan awal para guru, (e) kebiasaan guru dalam pengajaran di kelas, khususnya mengenai penilaian. Berdasarkan evaluasi terhadap pelatihan ini, materi yang disampaikan dianggap cukup mudah oleh guru. Namun ada kecenderungan bahwa kebiasaan guru dalam penilaian mempengaruhi pembelajaran membangun model mental yang dilaksanakan. Ada kebiasaan yang berpotensi mengganggu kemerdekaan berpikir yang sedang dikembangkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan pengajaran yang dilakukan guru dapat mendorong siswa untuk merdeka berpikir, tidak semata-mata berfokus pada prestasi akademik saja.

The Effectiveness of Two Implementation Strategies for Improving Teachers’ Delivery of an Evidenced-based HIV Prevention Program

Background: Effective implementation strategies are needed to enhance the success of evidence-based prevention programs. The current study evaluates the effects of two implementation strategies on teachers’ implementation of an evidenced-based HIV intervention.Methods: Using our 7-item Pre-Implementation School Screening tool, we identified teachers who were at-risk for not implementing the Focus on Youth HIV-risk reduction intervention curriculum which targets middle and high school youth. After completing a two-day curriculum workshop, 84 low- and moderate-performing teachers were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions and were asked to teach the intervention curriculum for nearly two months. This optimization trial examines the impact of two implementation strategies including biweekly monitoring/feedbacks (BMF) and site-based assistance/mentorship (SAM). The primary outcome is implementation fidelity defined as number of core activities taught. General linear model was used to examine the association of the implementation strategies with implementation fidelity.Results: BMF and SAM were significantly associated with teachers’ implementation fidelity. Teachers who received both BFM and SAM taught the greatest numbers of core activities, followed by teachers who received either BMF or SAM. Teachers who did not receive BMF or SAM taught the lowest numbers of core activities (15.0 vs. 7.9 vs. 6.9 vs. 4.1, p< 0.001). Teachers’ confidence in implementing five core activities, attitudes towards sex education in schools, and perceived principal support were significantly related to increased self-efficacy, which in turn was related to teachers’ fidelity of implementation. Teacher full attendance at the training workshop and teachers’ sustained implementation of FOYC in the prior school year were related to increased implementation fidelity. Conclusion: BMF and SAM are effective in promoting teachers’ implementation of youth evidence-based interventions. Researchers and future program implementers should consider teacher training, teachers’ attitudes towards sex education, perceived principal support and self-efficacy when attempting to maintain the effects of teacher-delivered interventions in schools.

Australian Primary School Principals’, Teachers’, and Parents’ Attitudes and Barriers to Changing School Uniform Policies From Traditional Uniforms to Sports Uniforms

Background: To determine Australian primary school principals’, teachers’, and parents’ attitudes to changing school uniform policies to allow students to wear sports uniforms every day and to assess associations between participant characteristics and their attitudes. A secondary aim was to identify principals’ and teachers’ perceived barriers to uniform changes. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys of principals, teachers, and parents of children in grades 2 to 3 (age 7–10 y) from 62 Australian primary schools (Oct 2017–Mar 2018) were undertaken. Mixed logistic regression analyses assessed the associations between participant characteristics and attitudes toward uniform changes. Results: In total, 73% of the principals (38/52) who responded reported that their school only allowed children to wear a sports uniform on sports days. Overall, 38% of the principals (18/47), 63% of the teachers (334/579), and 78% of the parents (965/1231) reported they would support a policy that allowed children to wear daily sports uniforms. The most commonly reported barrier was the perception that sports uniforms were not appropriate for formal occasions. Conclusions: Although the majority of the principals were not supportive of a change to a daily sports uniform, the majority of the teachers and parents were. Strategies to improve principal support may be required if broader adoption of physical activity–supporting uniforms is to be achieved.