Language Markers of Leadership in Political Discourse

Leadership as an indispensable element of social relations is an object of research within different schools of thought; however, its common understanding has not been developed yet. Different authors share the opinion that leadership includes authority, ability to lead, take decisions, influence people, organize and structure group interaction, unite people to achieve a goal. In linguistics it is studied in sociolinguistics, political and anthropological linguistics. In the research the authors aim at detecting special language markers of leadership in the speech of a political leader which are verbalized by language means of different language layers, while their choice depends on sociocultural codes shared by the leader, typical of certain linguoculture, age, social, professional group, and stipulated by individual features of the leader’s personality. Considering the existing approaches to linguistic markers analysis, the authors point out at the relevance of sociolinguistic and athropolinguistic approaches, as these markers lie in the area of intersection of social dialect and leader’s idiolect. On the material of the interview of V.V. Putin to NBC journalist the authors attempt to detect, describe and classify markers of leadership in the political leader’ discourse. To define the lexical means of verbalization of leadership the authors employ the theoretical insights of conceptual fields theory. Pragmarhetoric markers are studied through speech acts theory. The research proved the authors’ hypothesis that a leader’s speech contains a multi-level complex of language markers of leadership, i.e. lexical and pragmarhetoric units which express the phenomenon of leadership in the discourse of a political leader.

Cultural Meaning of Nyialong Tradition As A Form Of Local Wisdom of Orang Rimba Jambi (Ethnolinguistics Study)

Ethnolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language facts and cultural facts. Ethnolinguistics is theoretically known as linguistic anthropology or anthropological linguistics (Duranti, 1997:1). The geographical location in this study is a group of Orang Rimba who still maintain the tradition of livelihood that is taking honey (Nyialong). This area locates in Air Hitam subdistrict, Sarolangun district of Jambi Province. In addition, the food needs of the Orang Rimba come from forest products, namely climbing sialang (Nyialong), hunting, and fruits. Other forest products are used for commercial purposes and are the livelihood of the Orang Rimba. The study aims to describe the cultural meaning of the Nyialong tradition found in the Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas (TNBD) Jambi. Nyialong tradition is done ny Orang Rimba in Taman Nasional Bukit Duableas as annual season (petahuon). The tradition is held by Orang Rimba especially Piawang and dukun.The study is qualitative descriptive that uses an ethnolinguistics approach by utilizing the ethnographic method. The data in this study is a verbal and non-verbal expression reflected in Nyialong tradition. The data source in this study comes from the informants and the events of the tradition. Data collection methods use interview and observation methods. The result of the investigations in the form of Cultural values in the Nyialong tradition include nature, human relationship with human, and human with God. Nyialong tradition also has a symbolic meaning as a form (1) of the offering of the god rapa, the god hariamau to beg for salvation to climb sialang (2) as an intermediary to ask for salvation to god Alah, (3) as a symbol of maintaining the sustainability of the forest of the Orang Rimba Jambi.

Educational Management Model of Ideological and Political Courses in Colleges and Universities Based on Anthropological Linguistics

Objectives: With the constant improvement and development of the ideological and political educational system in our country, colleges and universities pay more and more attention to the ideological and political education for students in the teaching process. However, there is still a lack of effective management methods in the process of ideological and political education. Methods: Based on the above considerations, in this paper, the research on the educational management model of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities based on anthropological linguistics was put forward. Firstly, the relevant theories of anthropological linguistics were elaborated and a detailed introduction was carried out to the educational management methods; based on this, the intervention mechanism of using anthropological linguistics for educational management was proposed; then, by adding the counseling function of cognitive science to management means, the initiative of students in the teaching process was further mobilized. Results: This teaching management can provide reference value for a wide range of applications in the future. In order to verify the feasibility of the study, the test of practical educational management model of ideological and political courses was used. Conclusion: By comparing with the traditional way, it is concluded that it is feasible to study the educational management model of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities based on anthropological linguistics.

LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY OF A TRANSLATOR

The article discusses the problems related to the specification of the levels of linguistic personality of a literary translation. Translator’s linguistic personality is a subtype of a linguistic personality, which is always limited to a special social function and conditioned by the ideas, style, linguistic peculiarities and preferences of the source text author. Therefore, a literary translator represents the reality that was perceived through the prism of a source text author’s mentality and cognitive experience, but with the attraction of own cognitive baggage and understanding of the foreign culture. The topicality of the research is conditioned by the necessity of definition of key components of s linguistic personality as essential elements of a literary text translation from the point of view of pragmatics. Moreover, the development of linguopersonology contributed seriously to the development of anthropological linguistics, therefore, the literary translation, being a part of anthropocentric paradigm, needs more detailed elaboration of a linguistic personality of a literary translator as this sphere is insufficiently researched. According to the understanding of a literary text as a complicated and multilevel phenomena representing a secondary objective reality and involving various contexts, it is necessary to take into consideration that a literary translator is also a secondary linguistic personality whose main goal is to represent an adequate text in the target language. Basing on the functional approaches, the levels (which are: linguocreative, pragmatic, cognitive, ideological and socio-cultural) reflecting the specificity of literary contexts were defined and justified. Each level is illustrated with the relevant examples that provide practical application of the developed theory. It is also emphasized that the differences in perception of a linguistic picture of the world by different cultures may affect the adequacy of translation, therefore, only linguistic knowledge is not enough for developing good translation skills in the sphere of a literary translation.

Culturally relevant memory properties in English phraseology

The paper focuses on culturally relevant properties of personal memory and the potential of natural languages in codifying them. The study is based on one of the key postulates of anthropological linguistics stating that dynamic changes in human mentality, cultural developments and newly accumulated knowledge find their reflection in the lexical subsystem of the language. Relying on the concept of phraseology as a fragment of linguistic reality bearing an information-intensive map of the national world view and the type of linguistic identity, the paper examines phraseological units verbalizing fundamental memory processes of encoding, storing, remembering and forgetting and offers a linguacultural perspective on the specifics of representing individual memory processes in English phraseology. A combination of automatic processing methods applied to analyzing authentic lexicographic sources along with conventional data-collecting procedures yielded an empirical base of the research composed of phraseological units representing key stages of mnemonic processing. To analyze the obtained data, component, lexicographic, and content-analysis methods were employed. Findings allowed compiling an inventory of mnemonic phraseological units in English, developing their typology on the basis of structural, semantic and functional criteria, identifying the proportion of each structural, semantic and stylistic type in the data sample. A multi-parameter cognitive interpretation procedure yielded a stage-based typology of mnemonic phraseological units reflecting phases of mnemonic processing, its content and nature. The results suggest a possible correlation between cultural specifics of Anglo-Saxon world view and verbal representation of individual memory on the phraseological level.

CONCEPTUAL GENDER ANALYSIS OF GENDER MARKED PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND PROVERBS IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE

Interdisciplinary approach is one of the important features of gender analysis as it can be studied in any field of science. The study of a language as an object of intercultural communication and the problems of the interdependence of a language, culture, and consciousness are of great importance in linguistics. The study deals with the general concept of phraseological units, which is reflected in the expression of the linguocultural means that arise in social events and serve for the specific national communicative process of society, both of which illuminate the national-cultural values of society the people. Indeed, a comparative analysis of gender in phraseological units based on cognitive and linguocultural approaches provides an opportunity for a linguistic analysis of the national mentality specifics to a particular society. The study of the national-cultural problems in the phraseological system can be explained by the attention and interest in the problem of “Language and Culture” in recent years, as well as the development of modern linguistics in the anthropological paradigm. Given the close connection of a language with a human being, the need to apply the theory of anthropological linguistics to the phraseological system, aimed at studying his/her consciousness, worldview, spiritual and practical activities, is natural and important. Although the gender analysis of phraseology and proverbs of the Uzbek language enables us to observe the peculiarities of androcentrism, weakening androcentrism during the study suggests that masculinity does not completely prevail in the phraseological layer of the language. In phraseology, the superiority of a negative value over a positive one can be attributed not to the gender factor but the perception of truth by humanity, it is accepted as a positive norm, so it is not fully reflected in the language. The negative features are expressed in a language as an unacceptable norm in society.