Functioning and oral interpretation of initialisms and acronyms in the French daily press

This article explores initialisms and acronyms taken from newspapers in the French press. In this article, using data from our study of abbreviated words, we attempt to answer the following questions: How can we shorten a word in French? What are the correct forms (means) of pronunciation of initialisms and acronyms? Can an initialism be considered as a separate (common) word? Before investigating the origin and function of various abbreviations in the French press, the preferred modality of each era, or even the basic rationales behind using such abbreviations, we define a term for abbreviated forms. It seems important to us to present our own definition and to illustrate in detail the problems of the subject. French uses four forms of abbreviated words to help create new words and build vocabulary. These four main forms of abbreviated words are: initials, acronyms, abbreviations, and truncations. At the same time, our goal in this article is to clarify the problem of pronunciation of initialisms and acronyms. To achieve our goal, we used a survey methodology conducted among people from different social groups and ages, in order to determine forms of oral speech and decipher abbreviations of the French daily press. Based on our research, we created a data table on the pronunciation of initialisms in French. The corpus elements and the survey conducted provide us with reliable data on the functioning, interpretation and decoding of abbreviated words in modern French. The survey results allow us to observe the fact that there are two main ways of using abbreviations in French: reading and spelling. Our analysis shows that the obligation to use reading to write an acronym depends, in part, on a number of formal conditions. One of these conditions is the syllable and phonetic structure of acronyms. In conclusion, based on the survey results, we describe the table and types of abbreviations in the corpus of our study.

Memory and Note-Taking as Key Elements in Consecutive Interpretation

While the world is striding into a new age of not only technological advancement, but also international interaction, the increased necessity and demand for interpretation and professional interpreters make it a challanging specialty. Unlike in written translation, during oral interpretation the received information is not “material”. The quality of the oral translation largely and mainly depends on the characteristic features of the speech and the translator’s competence, as well as his personal and mental (psychological) aspects. It goes without saying that besides good knowledge of both source and target languages, good and trained memory and note-taking are the most crucial elements in interpretation, as they can be effective and practical for the interpreter’s multifaceted work.

Glossary (1578)

Chapter 1 tells the story of the Translators’ College (Siyi guan) and Interpreters’ Station (Huitong guan) in Ming Dynasty China. It follows the story of the translators who worked at the Siam Translation Bureau to explain the history of the College, the Station, the translators that they trained and employed, and the ways that their work laid a foundation for the later history of translation and oral interpretation in China. It also pays special attention to the ways that glossaries and dictionaries can be read as historical documents.

Application of Post-Listening Summary Based on Oral Interpretation Contest Corpus in Language Assessment

A summary of oral interpretation can best reflect a person’s instant memory and adaptability. In various places where oral interpreters are needed, the requirements for interpreters are very high. Oral interpretation plays an important role in foreign communications. As international communications deepens and becomes more frequent, people are becoming enthusiastic about the research on oral interpretation. Whether in the West or in China, the research on oral interpretation and related content has never stopped since the seventies of the last century, and it has since been progressing and developing continuously. Based on this, this paper is divided into three parts to elaborate. Firstly, it explains the definition of oral interpretation, secondly the importance of oral interpretation quality assessment is explained, and finally the process and analysis of the establishment of a language assessment index system based on oral interpretation are explained. It is hoped that this paper will serve as a useful reference for relevant personnel.

Reflections on an Online Project-based Oral Interpretation Course: Seeking to Improve Student Emotional Well-being with a Parody Song Project

In April 2020, the corona virus pandemic caused most universities in Japan, and the rest of the world, to go online. This article reflects upon the challenges faced in creating an online asynchronous oral interpretation class. Through the reflection, the need for sensitivity and attention to student well-being, particularly mental well-being, is considered an essential focus for the teacher, in addition to learning. The article introduces a parody song project created which focused on nurturing the emotional well-being of the students. 2020年度前期は新型コロナウィルスの影響により日本においても多くの授業がオンラインで行われた。この論文では、ドラマの授業の中でも、特にオーラルインタープリテーションの授業においてオンデマンド方式で授業を行った試みを取り上げる。オンラインであるからこそ、学生の、特に1年生のメンタルケアに心を配る必要がある。この論文では、その点を考慮して行ったパロディーソングプロジェクトを紹介する。

Sejarah dan Perkembangan Penulisan Tafsir Al-Quran di Madura

The attention of Madura’s Scholars to the Qur’an not only ceases to teach the correct and eloquent reading of the Qur’an, but continues to the understanding of the verse content. This is evidenced by the existence of several works in the study of the Qoran that developed in Madura, both in Madurese, Indonesian, and even Arabic. Historically, the genealogy of Tafsir in Madura began with the discovery of the Qoranic translated by Khalil Bangkalan in the 1900s. After Khalil’s era then grow the work of interpretation with a variety of forms and variants, ranging from oral interpretation, interpretation based on certain suras in the Qoran, to a complete interpretation of 30 Juz. This indicates that the development of Qoranic Interpertation in Madura continues to progress from time to time. This paper will explain comprehensively the history and characteristics of the interpretation in each period, starting from the form, method, to the style of interpretation in Madura. In addition, it also explains the behavior of the Madurese people towards their contact with the Qur’an, since the early Islamization era in Madura

PERBANDINGAN TAFSIR TULIS DAN LISAN M. QURAISH SHIHAB TENTANG QS. AL-QALAM DALAM TAFSIR AL-MISBAH (ANALISIS CIRI KELISANAN ADITIF ALIH-ALIH SUBORDINATIF)

This paper would like to present in a comparative analysis the interpretation made by M. Quraish Shihab about QS. al-Qalam. Comparison of interpretations in this paper will elevate the written and oral interpretation of M. Quraish Shihab at once, in this case the interpretation of writing will refer to the Tafseer of Al-Misbah, and the interpretation of the Oral will refer to the "Kajian Tafseer of Al-Misbah". What is interesting in the interpretation of M. Quraish Shihab is that even though it is done by the same person, there is a difference between the interpretation of the text and the oral interpretation of M. Quraish Shihab. The process of comparison of interpretations will be analyzed using the theory of orality, especially additive traits instead of subordinates. The question to be answered in this paper is how are the differences and similarities between M. Quraish Shihab's written and oral interpretations of surah al-Qalam? What causes these differences and similarities

Alfred, lord Tennyson’s Spectral Energy

Chapter 3 tells the story of the multiple recordings made between 1890 and 1920, both by the poet himself and by actors and elocutionists, of Tennyson’s poem “The Charge of The Light Brigade.” It analyzes the kinds of performance and genre that informed the production of these recordings and locates the speech sounds heard on them in debates of the period about elocution and verse speaking. An account of late Victorian methods of “dramatic” interpretation as elaborated by Samuel Silas Curry in Imagination and Dramatic Instinct opens into a longer genealogy of oral interpretation, and considers the import of New Criticism as a method of literary interpretation that worked to silence oral performance in the classroom. The close listening in this chapter also explores the potential of digital speech analysis tools to help us to fix and visualize elocutionary, prosodic features of these recordings of “Charge.”