bosch process
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2022 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake C. Stewart ◽  
Haley R. Doude ◽  
Terry L. Taylor ◽  
Morgan B. Abney ◽  
Hongjoo Rhee

Author(s):  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Bin Chang ◽  
Guihua Wang ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
Lianguo Gong ◽  
...  

As an environmentally-benign and sustainable option for NH3 synthesis, electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has been expected to replace the traditional Haber-Bosch process. Transition metals with empty d-orbitals achieve NRR...


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Shuhui Fan ◽  
Leran Liu ◽  
Xiaojiang Wen ◽  
Yun Wu ◽  
...  

Nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has great research prospects as a method to replace the industrial Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis. Nevertheless, the efficiency of NRR is mainly depended on the...


Author(s):  
Jiaqian Wang ◽  
Jie Liang ◽  
Peng-Yu Liu ◽  
Zhe Yan ◽  
Linxia Cui ◽  
...  

Electrochemical nitrite (NO2–) reduction reaction (NO2RR) is not only a promising strategy to degrade harmful NO2– contaminant in the environment but an attractive alternative to the Haber-Bosch process for sustainable...


2021 ◽  
pp. 100102
Author(s):  
Martin Drost ◽  
Steffen Marschmeyer ◽  
Mirko Fraschke ◽  
Oksana Fursenko ◽  
Florian Bärwolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Peiei Li ◽  
Dan Cheng ◽  
Xiaohua Zhu ◽  
Meiling Liu ◽  
Youyu Zhang

Abstract Compared with the traditional Haber-Bosch process, electrochemical N2-to-NH3 reduction affords an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to ambient NH3 synthesis with the aid of efficient electrocatalysts. In this work, partial oxidation of MnS to obtain the MnS-Mn3O4 is proved as a promising noble-free electrocatalysts of N2to NH3 fixation at ambient conditions. When tested in 0.1 M Na2SO4, the electrochemical N2 reduction reaction performance of MnS-Mn3O4 is improved comparing with the MnS, which achieves large NH3 yield of 16.74 μg h–1 mgcat.–1 and a high Faradaic efficiency of 5.72%. It also exhibits excellent selectivity of N2-to-NH3 and strong long-term electrochemical stabil


Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Ran Wang ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Yongliang Guo ◽  
Ling Fu ◽  
...  

Abstract Ammonia (NH3) is one of the most extensively produced chemicals worldwide, and it plays an important and indispensable role in the global economy. At present NH3 is mainly produced by the traditional Haber-Bosch process operated at high pressure and temperature, which results in massive energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) can allow the production of NH3 from nitrogen and water under ambient conditions and is regarded as a sustainable alternative to the Haber–Bosch process because of its low energy consumption and limited environmental impact. In this study, using density functional theory calculations, we designed a monovacancy defective graphene (MVG) doped with various nitrogen and phosphorus atoms and a single vanadium atom (VN1–3@MVG and VP1–3@MVG) to be used as electrocatalysts. The results revealed that N- and P-doping are beneficial for N2 adsorption and activation and can effectively reduce the energy barrier of the NRR, especially for P-doping. Among the synthesized electrocatalysts, double P-doped V@MVG demonstrated the best catalytic activity with a low free energy barrier of 0.43 eV. This paper reports the development of an efficient catalyst for electrochemical NH3 synthesis and provides valuable insights on the design of electrocatalysts with high activity and stability.


2021 ◽  
pp. 118183
Author(s):  
Manhee Byun ◽  
Dongjun Lim ◽  
Boreum Lee ◽  
Ayeon Kim ◽  
In-Beum Lee ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Maron ◽  
Xiaoqing Xin ◽  
Iskander Douair ◽  
Shuao Wang ◽  
Congqing Zhu ◽  
...  

Abstract The Haber–Bosch process produces ammonia (NH3) from dinitrogen (N2) and dihydrogen (H2), but requires high temperature and pressure. Before iron-based catalysts were exploited in the current industrial Haber–Bosch process, uranium-based materials were used as effective catalysts for production of NH3 from N2. Although some molecular uranium complexes are capable of combining and even reducing N2, however, further hydrogenation with H2 to NH3 has not yet been reported. Here, we report the first example of N2 cleavage and hydrogenation with H2 to NH3 with a molecular uranium complex. The N2 cleavage product contains three uranium centers that are bridged by three imido μ2-NH ligands and one nitrido μ3-N ligand. Labeling experiments with 15N demonstrate that the nitrido ligand in the product originates from N2. Reaction of the N2-cleaved complex with H2 or H+ forms NH3 under mild conditions. A synthetic cycle has been established by the reaction of the N2-cleaved complex with TMSCl. The isolation of this trinuclear imido-nitrido product implies that a multimetallic uranium assembly plays an important role in the activation of N2.


Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Thomas Tillocher ◽  
Jack Nos ◽  
Gaëlle Antoun ◽  
Philippe Lefaucheux ◽  
Mohamed Boufnichel ◽  
...  

The cryogenic process is well known to etch high aspect ratio features in silicon with smooth sidewalls. A time-multiplexed cryogenic process, called STiGer, was developed in 2006 and patented. Like the Bosch process, it consists in repeating cycles composed of an isotropic etching step followed by a passivation step. If the etching step is similar for both processes, the passivation step is a SiF4/O2 plasma that efficiently deposits a SiOxFy layer on the sidewalls only if the substrate is cooled at cryogenic temperature. In this paper, it is shown that the STiGer process can achieve profiles and performances equivalent to the Bosch process. However, since sidewall passivation is achieved with polymer free plasma chemistry, less frequent chamber cleaning is necessary, which contributes to increase the throughput.


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