Expression of Concern: Hamza et al. Therapeutic and Ameliorative Effects of Active Compounds of Combretum molle in the Treatment and Relief fromWounds in a Diabetes Mellitus Experimental Model. Coatings 2021, 11, 324

Following acceptance of the Special Issue article by the Guest Editor, El-Sayed Abd El-Aziz, concerns were raised regarding the integrity of the peer review process [...]

BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY ASSAY AND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF N-HEPTADECYL-N-(8-OCTA-1, 3-DIENE-6-YNYL)AMINE (C25H44N) ISOLATED FROM COMBRETUM MOLLE R.

The extracts of leaves of Combretum molle were tested against the larvae of Artemia salina, i.e. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) and Culexquinquefasciatus Say (filaria disease vector) i.e. Larvicidal Test, using crude ethanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts. The methanolic extract proved to be the most effective in inducing complete lethality at minimum doses both in the BST and the Larvicidal activity test. The LC50­ values obtained are 24.85 µg/ml and 0.4µg/ml respectively. The Bioactivity result was used to guide the column chromatography which afforded the pure compound ACM 2 which was not active in the BST with LC50 value of 1259 µg/ml but was active in the Larvicidal activity test with LC50 value 15.14 µg/ml. ACM 2 was proposed to be N-heptadecyl-N-(8-octa-1, 3-diene-6-ynyl)amine (C25H44N).

Therapeutic and Ameliorative Effects of Active Compounds of Combretum molle in the Treatment and Relief from Wounds in a Diabetes Mellitus Experimental Model

Foot ulcers are one of the leading causes of severe and high mortality in diabetics. It is known that wound healing in diabetics is a very complicated process due to the direct severe effect of diabetes mellitus on blood vessels, causing difficulty in wound healing. Many methods of treatment have recently been employed for novel dressings for the promotion of tissue regeneration and rapid wound closure. Combretum molle is composed of chemical compounds, such as lignin, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Twenty male rats that were 4 months of age were divided into a I-a diabetic foot ulcer group as the control group and a II-a diabetic group (wound + Combretum molle). This study investigated the antioxidant and excellent healing effects of the extract of Combretum molle in repairing skin damaged by diabetes. This was confirmed by elevated antioxidant enzymes in the animals’ tissues in diabetic rats treated with this extract. The recovery of the alterations in the skin layers led to great improvements, which proved the Combretum molle’s promising capacity for wound healing in diabetics with wounds that mimic diabetic foot ulcers. This treatment can be considered a promising opportunity for patients with severe foot ulcers and may open the door to more discoveries about this plant’s medical capabilities.

Investigation into the Phytochemical profile, Antioxidant and Antibacterial potentials of Combretum Molle and Acacia Mearnsii leaf parts

The use of herbal plants in recent years have increased tremendously owing to their user-friendliness, accessibility, and affordability. In this study, the plant species Combretum molle and Acacia mearnsii were phytochemical screened for the existence of active organic compounds, the content of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidants using different solvents were investigated. The functional groups existing in the plants extracts were identified using FT-IR. The total phenol contents varied from 53.74 ± 5 – 97.29 ± 3 GAE mg/g and 53.74 ± 7 – 98.58 ± 2 GAE mg/g in the extraction powders for C. molle and A. mearnsii. In C. molle, the content of total flavonoids ranged from 76.90 ± 2 – 114.54 ± 0.18 QE mg/g, while 89.40 ± 3 – 105.45 ± 0.15 QE mg/g was found in A. mearnsii. The radical scavenging activities of the solvent extracts against DPPH and the controls revealed that acetone extract of C. molle displayed 99.64% DPPH inhibition, while A. mearnsii showed a maximum activity of 85.53% at 5 µg/ml. The antimicrobial activity of the two plant species was evaluated using diffusion disk and broth dilution methods. The activity by broth dilution of ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of C. molle exhibited MIC values (39.06 and 78.13 mg/µL) against P. aeruginosa and E. coli strains respectively, while ethanol and chloroform extracts of A. mearnsii showed (39.06 and 78.13 mg/µL) against P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis respectively. Results from this study showed that the leave extracts constitute healthy supplements with antioxidant and antibacterial potentials that could be useful in traditional medicine for the treatment of numerous infectious ailments.

In vivo antimalarial activity of the crude leaf extract of Combretum molle against Plasmodium berghei in mice

Background Malaria is an infectious, hematologic disease causing death and illness in children and adults, especially in tropical countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimalarial activity of Combretum molle extract in vivo assays against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss albino mice. Methods Plasmodium berghei a rodent malaria parasite was inoculated to healthy Swiss Albino mice age 6–8 weeks either sex, weight 20–33g. 100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day of Crude methanolic extract of Combretum molle were administered. Parameters such as Percent parasitemia, body weight, Body temperature, packed cell volume and survival time were then determined using standard tests. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Post hoc Tukey HSD test with SPSS software version 24.0 and P ≤0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results Chemosuppresive effect exerted by the crude extract ranged between 27-68%. The curative effect of the crude extract was in the range of 25-49% and ptophylactic effect of the crude extract was in the range of 51–76.2%%. The maximum effect in all tests on Chemosuppresive, curative, Prophylactic, prevention of weight loss, body temperature and packed cell volume and an increase in mean survival time was observed at higher doses of the crude extract. Conclusion From the present study it can be concluded that the crude extract of Combretum molle leaves has been shown promising antimalarial activity. This finding supports the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of malaria in Ethiopia. Thus, it could be considered as a potential source to develop safe, effective and affordable antimalarial agent.