Fast Software Implementation of Serial Test and Approximate Entropy Test of Binary Sequence

In many cryptographic applications, random numbers and pseudorandom numbers are required. Many cryptographic protocols require using random or pseudorandom numbers at various points, e.g., for auxiliary data in digital signatures or challenges in authentication protocols. In NIST SP800-22, the focus is on the need for randomness for encryption purposes and describes how to apply a set of statistical randomness tests. These tests can be used to evaluate the data generated by cryptographic algorithms. This paper will study the fast software implementation of the serial test and the approximate entropy test and propose two types of fast implementations of these tests. The first method is to follow the basic steps of these tests and replace bit operations with byte operations. Through this method, compared with the implementation of Fast NIST STS, the efficiency of the serial test and approximate entropy test is increased by 2.164 and 2.100 times, respectively. The second method is based on the first method, combining the statistical characteristics of subsequences of different lengths and further combining the two detections with different detection parameters. In this way, compared to the individual implementation of these tests, the efficiency has been significantly improved. Compared with the implementation of Fast NIST STS, the efficiency of this paper is increased by 4.078 times.

Generator of PRN's on the norm group

Let $p$ be a prime number, $d\in\mathds{N}$, $\left(\frac{-d}{p}\right)=-1$, $m>2$, and let $E_m$ denotes the set of of residue classes modulo $p^m$ over the ring of Gaussian integers in imaginary quadratic field $\mathds{Q}(\sqrt{-d})$ with norms which are congruented with 1 modulo $p^m$. In present paper we establish the polynomial representations for real and imagimary parts of the powers of generating element $u+iv\sqrt{d}$ of the cyclic group $E_m$. These representations permit to deduce the ``rooted bounds'' for the exponential sum in Turan-Erd\"{o}s-Koksma inequality. The new family of the sequences of pseudo-random numbers that passes the serial test on pseudorandomness was being buit.

A new pseudorandom bits generator based on a 2D-chaotic system and diffusion property

A remarkable correlation between chaotic systems and cryptography has been established with sensitivity to initial states, unpredictability, and complex behaviors. In one development, stages of a chaotic stream cipher are applied to a discrete chaotic dynamic system for the generation of pseudorandom bits. Some of these generators are based on 1D chaotic map and others on 2D ones. In the current study, a pseudorandom bit generator (PRBG) based on a new 2D chaotic logistic map is proposed that runs side-by-side and commences from random independent initial states. The structure of the proposed model consists of the three components of a mouse input device, the proposed 2D chaotic system, and an initial permutation (IP) table. Statistical tests of the generated sequence of bits are investigated by applying five evaluations as well as the ACF and NIST. The results of five standard tests of randomness have been illustrated and overcome a value of 0.160 in frequency test. While the run test presents the pass value t0=4.769 and t1=2.929. Likewise, poker test and serial test the outcomes was passed with 3.520 for poker test, and 4.720 for serial test. Finally, autocorrelation test passed in all shift numbers from 1 to 10.

Serum complement 3 is a potential biomarker for assessing disease activity in Takayasu arteritis

Background Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare disease, lacking convenient and feasible biomarkers to identify disease activity. We aimed to evaluate the value of complements in distinguishing active TA. Methods Consecutive patients were enrolled from the prospective East China TA cohort from April 2008 to June 2019. Patients were divided into two groups according to their baseline Kerr score. The value of complements and other biomarkers in identifying disease activity were analysed with cluster analysis, ROC curves, and combined tests. An independent group of patients from July 2019 to December 2019 were employed to validate the results. Results Of the enrolled 519 patients, 406 (72.2%) cases were identified as active disease. Higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and complement 3 (C3) levels were observed in the active group. Elevated C3 (≥ 1.085 g/L) had a high value to identify active TA with a sensitivity of 69.9%, specificity of 66.7%, and AUC of 0.715. Combining the CRP (≥ 10.65 g/L; sensitivity, 50.7%; specificity, 82.4%) and C3, the sensitivity could be improved to 85.1% in parallel test and the specificity could be improved to 94.1% in serial test. Validation was further performed to confirm the value of C3 for disease activity assessment. The accuracy of the parallel test of CRP and C3 in external validation with independent 53 TA cases was 72.73% with the AUC of 0.721. Conclusion Elevated C3 could effectively evaluate the disease activity of TA, and C3 combining with CRP could further improve the disease activity evaluation.

Serum complement 3 is a potential biomarker for assessing disease activity in Takayasu arteritis

Background. Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare disease, lacking convenient and feasible biomarkers to identify disease activity. We aimed to evaluate the value of complements in distinguishing active TA. Methods. Consecutive patients were enrolled from the prospective East China TA cohort from April 2008 to June 2019. Patients were divided into two groups according to their baseline Kerr score. The value of complements and other biomarkers in identifying disease activity were analysed with cluster analysis, ROC curves, and combined tests. An independent group of patients from July 2019 to December 2019 were employed to validate the results.Results. Of the enrolled 519 patients, 406 (72.2%) cases were identified as active disease. Higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and complement 3 (C3) levels were observed in the active group. Elevated C3 (≥1.085 g/L) had a high value to identify active TA with a sensitivity of 69.9%, specificity of 66.7% and AUC of 0.715. Combining the CRP (≥10.65 g/L; sensitivity, 50.7%; specificity, 82.4%) and C3, the sensitivity could be improved to 85.1% in parallel test and the specificity could be improved to 94.1% in serial test. Validation was further performed to confirm the value of C3 for disease activity assessment. The accuracy of the parallel test of CRP and C3 in external validation with independent 53 TA cases was 72.73% with the AUC of 0.721. Conclusion. Elevated C3 could effectively evaluate the disease activity of TA, and C3 combining with CRP could further improve the disease activity evaluation.

Encryption Image by Using RC6 and Hybrid Chaotic Map

Cryptography is data processed in a way that becomes incomprehensible and unavailable to unauthorized persons. In this paper instructed method to encryption image by using RC6 algorithm and generated key by using hybrid chaotic map (tent and logistic map). Used some measures such as frequency test within a block, entropy, serial test (two-bit test), and frequency test (monobit test); to demonstrate the strength of the algorithm proposed in the image coding and protection. The MATLAB program was used as a work environment.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis latency-associated antigen Rv1733c SLP improves the accuracy of differential diagnosis of active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection

Background The differential diagnosis of active tuberculosis(ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI) is still challenging. The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of the novel M. tuberculosis latency-associated antigens Rv1733c and Rv1733c SLP for differentiating ATB from LTBI. Methods A case-control study was designed to enroll pathogen-confirmed ATB cases admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Beijing Chest Hospital, whereas those with LTBI were denoted as the control group. The Fluorescence-Immunospot (FluoroSpot) assay was used to detect the frequencies of IL-2-, IFN-γ-secreting T cells stimulated by the M. tuberculosis latency-associated antigens Rv1733c and Rv1733c SLP. The combination of the ESAT-6/CFP-10-Fluorospot test was evaluated with regard to the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and likelihood ratio for the differential diagnosis of ATB and LTBI. Results A total of 20 pathogens-confirmed TB and 28 LTBI cases were included. The sensitivity and specificity of ESAT-6/CFP-10-FluoroSpot for the differential diagnosis of ATB and LTBI were 95% (95% CI, 75.13–99.87%) and 82.14% (95% CI, 63.11–93.94%), respectively. Following stimulation with Rv1733c and Rv1733c SLP, the maximum AUROC was 0.711 (95% CI, 0.566–0.856) as determined by the ROC curve, which was used to assess the frequency of single IL-2-secreting T cells stimulated by Rv1733c SLP. The cutoff value of 0 SFCs/2.5 × 105 PBMCs was used for the analysis. The frequency, sensitivity and specificity of Rv1733c SLP for differentiating ATB and LTBI were 75% (95% CI, 50.90–91.34%) and 60.71% (95% CI, 40.58–78.50%), respectively. The ESAT-6/cfp-10-fluorospot was combined with the frequency of single IL-2-secreting T cells, which were stimulated by Rv1733c SLP for the differential diagnosis of ATB and LTBI. This resulted in an increased sensitivity and specificity to 100% (95% CI, 83.16–100.00%), as determined by the parallel test and to 92.86% (95% CI, 71.77–97.73%) as determined by the serial test, respectively. Conclusions Rv1733c SLP has the potential to be used as a candidate antigen for T cell-based tuberculosis diagnostic tests, in combination with ESAT-6 and CFP-10, to differentiate between ATB and LTBI diagnosis.

Complement 3 is A Potential Biomarker for Assessing Disease Activity in Takayasu Arteritis

Background. Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare disease, lacking convenient and feasible biomarkers to identify disease activity. We aimed to evaluate the value of complements in distinguishing active TA. Methods. Consecutive patients were enrolled from the prospective East China TA cohort from April 2008 to June 2019. Patients were divided into two groups according to their baseline Kerr score. The value of complements and other biomarkers in identifying disease activity were analysed. An independent group of patients from July 2019 to December 2019 were employed to validate the results.Results. Of the enrolled 519 patients, 406 (72.2%) cases were identified as active disease. Higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and complement 3 (C3) levels were observed in the active group. Elevated C3 (≥1.085 g/L) had a high value to identify active TA with a sensitivity of 69.9%, specificity of 66.7% and AUC of 0.715. Combining the CRP (≥10.65 g/L; sensitivity, 50.7%; specificity, 82.4%) and C3, the sensitivity could be improved to 85.1% in parallel test and the specificity could be improved to 94.1% in serial test. Validation was further performed to confirm the value of C3 for disease activity assessment. The accuracy of the parallel test of CRP and C3 in external validation with independent 53 TA cases was 72.73% with the AUC of 0.721. Conclusion. Elevated C3 could effectively monitor the disease activity of TA, and C3 combining with CRP could further improve the disease activity evaluation.

Does Supersonic Shear Wave Elastography Help Differentiate Biliary Atresia from Other Causes of Cholestatic Hepatitis in Infants Less than 90 Days Old? Compared with Grey-Scale US

Purpose. To investigate the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) for measuring liver stiffness to identify and differentiate biliary atresia (BA) from cholestatic hepatitis in infants younger than 90 days. Methods. A total of 138 infants younger than 90 days with cholestatic hepatitis were examined by SWE. The infants were subclassified into BA and nonbiliary atresia (non-BA) groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of hepatic Young’s modulus measurements, the ultrasonic findings in the differential diagnosis of suspected BA, and the cut-off value to diagnose BA. Results. In all infants with cholestatic hepatitis, the cut-off value of hepatic Young’s modulus to differentiate the BA group from the non-BA group was 12.35 kPa and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.937, with a sensitivity of 84.3% and a specificity of 89.7%; nevertheless the AUC of the abnormal gallbladder (AbGB) was 0.940, with a sensitivity of 96.1% and a specificity of 92.0%. In the parallel test, triangular cord (TC) sign combined with AbGB had the best diagnostic performance and the AUC was 0.960, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 92.0%. In the serial test, SWE combined with AbGB achieved the best diagnostic performance; the AUC was 0.902, the sensitivity and specificity were 80.4% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions. SWE could not only help differentiate BA from cholestatic hepatic diseases but also increase the diagnostic specificity when combined with grey-scale ultrasound in the serial test.

An Elasto-Plastic Buckling Analysis Method for Ship Panel Structures

An elasto-plastic method (EPM) for advanced buckling analysis of stiffened panels is proposed based on elastic large deflection theory and rigid plastic method considering initial imperfections, combined biaxial compression and lateral loads, and also five collapse modes. Comparative calculation on serial test models is conducted to verify the precision of EPM. Biaxial stress capacity curves of four typical stiffened panels are calculated using EPM and comparative analysis with the results of both PULS software and harmonized common structural rules (HCSR) method is also conducted. The results obtained indicate that EPM is able to address the effects of various factors including combined loading affecting the ultimate strength of stiffened panels.