Imiona mniejszości litewskiej w Polsce

The given names used by the Lithuanian minority in PolandThis article analyses the given names of members of the Lithuanian minority in Poland. It is based on a Lithuanian telephone directory issued in Puńsk in 1997, in which a significant number of personal names are recorded in the Lithuanian form. Their comparison with the corresponding data in two Polish telephone directories from a similar period revealed over two hundred “given name + surname” pairs in two language versions: Lithuanian and Polish. About eighty pairs in which the names differed in spelling and morphology have been extracted for analysis.In the analysis of given names, also Kazimierz Rymut’s name dictionary (1995) has been used to establish the frequency of selected names in the Suwalki region and beyond. The statistically significant higher turnout of names of Lithuanian origin in the Suwalki region than in the rest of Poland was confirmed in almost all cases. It was also established that the occurrence of Lithuanian given names in unassimilated form is more frequent there. The frequency of the given names which appear in the aforementioned Lithuanian telephone directory and on the lists of high school graduates in Puńsk from 1959–1995 was compared to the ranking lists of given names used in Poland and Lithuania. This enabled some observations concerning the choice of names by Polish Lithuanians.It appears that Lithuanian anthroponymy plays an important role in consolidating the Lithuanian minority in Poland, and that it can be viewed in terms of an in-group code. At the same time, the parallel use of two language versions of given names – Polish and Lithuanian – allows for the selection of the form depending on the communicative situation. Imiona mniejszości litewskiej w Polsce W artykule podjęto próbę analizy imion członków mniejszości litewskiej w Polsce. Bazą materiałową pracy jest wydana w 1997 roku w Puńsku litewska książka telefoniczna, w której antroponimy znacznej części abonentów zapisane zostały w postaci litewskiej. Porównując je z odpowiadającymi im danymi w dwóch polskich książkach telefonicznych ze zbliżonego okresu, uzyskano ponad dwieście par imię + nazwisko w dwóch wersjach językowych: litewskiej i polskiej, z których wyekscerpowano ok. 80 par imion różniących się grafią i morfologią.W analizie imion posłużono się też słownikiem imion K. Rymuta (1995), badając frekwencję wybranych imion na Suwalszczyźnie i poza nią. Potwierdzono istotną statystycznie wyższą frekwencję na Suwalszczyźnie prawie wszystkich imion pochodzenia litewskiego, a także częstsze występowanie tam imion litewskich w postaci niezasymilowanej do polszczyzny. Wykorzystując wspomnianą litewską książkę telefoniczną, spisy absolwentów liceum w Puńsku z lat 1959–1995 i listy rangowe frekwencji imion w Polsce i na Litwie, porównano też wybory imiennicze Litwinów mieszkających w Polsce, odnotowując podobieństwa do listy litewskiej.Jak stwierdzono, antroponimia litewska pełni istotną rolę konsolidującą mniejszość litewską w Polsce i stanowi swego rodzaju kod dla wtajemniczonych. Jednocześnie równoległe funkcjonowanie dwóch postaci językowych imienia – polskiej i litewskiej – pozwala na wybór postaci antroponimu zależnie od sytuacji komunikacyjnej.

Changes in the distribution and structure of white-collar workers’ residences in Japan during the period of modernization

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In Japan, research on urban residential differentiation has been carried out since the 1970s. Most of this research has focused on large cities using social area analysis and factorial ecology. The poor availability of small area statistics hindered research on urban residential differentiation until the end of the 1960s. Therefore, previous studies that focused on the modern cities in Japan used region-specific materials. For example, Ueno (1981) who studied in Tokyo in the 1920s used the census data calculated by the Tokyo City Office and Mizuuchi (1982) who studied in Osaka from the 1860s to the 1930s used various statistics created by the prefectural police and so on. For this reason, it is difficult to explore the inter-city comparison on the residential differentiation during the period of modernization in Japan.</p><p>This study assesses the possibility of utilizing telephone directories as a data source to determine differences in geographical residence on the basis of occupation and visualize the distribution of white-collar workers’ residences in the mid-1930s in three Japanese cities: Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto. Although the regional situation on the penetration of telephones needs to be considered, the inter-city comparison becomes possible since the telephone directories in which the occupation of telephone subscribers was recorded was made available nationwide in the pre-war period. Since the white-collar workers during that period relatively belonged to the high class, many of them were considered subscribing to telephones. In addition, white-collar workers changed the previous urban structure that consisted of merchants and craftsmen into a modern one. Therefore, white-collar workers are a suitable subject for analyzing the telephone directory and the residential differentiation in the mid-1930s.</p>

Concurrent Western Australian telephone surveys highlight the advantages of sampling from a registry of recreational fishers

Surveys play an integral role in providing reliable recreational fishing information for the sustainable management of fisheries resources. The selection of a representative sample is an important and often challenging part of designing surveys. Here we compare concurrent telephone surveys conducted in 2016 and 2017 using a telephone directory (White Pages®, WP) and a Recreational Boat Fishing Licence (RBFL) as sampling frames. Information on boat- and shore-based recreational fishing was collected from both surveys. The response rates for the RBFL surveys were more than double those from the WP surveys. The RBFL surveys identified more respondents who had recreationally fished in the previous 12 months compared to the WP surveys. Fishing activity differed markedly between fishers in the WP and RBFL surveys; however, characteristics were consistent for boat-based fishers sampled from the two types of surveys. The high levels of sample loss observed in the WP surveys suggest that other general population lists may provide greater coverage of shore-based fishers. We recommend testing the demographic and behavioural characteristics of recreational fishers sampled in offsite surveys against benchmark data to assist in assessing whether or not the characteristics of the sample are representative of the target population.

Field surveying of marine recreational fisheries in Norway using a novel spatial sampling frame reveals striking under-coverage of alternative sampling frames

Norway has the highest participation rate in marine recreational fisheries (MRF) in Europe, and is popular among marine tourist anglers. Fishing licences are not required for marine recreational anglers, and the complex and long coastline makes on-site surveys a challenge. A novel approach for spatial sampling was developed and tested in on-site surveys, as part of a National study of MRF using multiple sampling frames including a telephone screening survey based on the national telephone directory. Field surveys were conducted in Troms and Hordaland Counties, and in the Oslofjord. We created spatial sampling frames of modified Voronoi polygons with continuous sea-surface area, with clusters of polygons as primary sampling units (PSUs). Interviews of intercepted anglers were obtained quarterly from a stratified sample of PSUs searched by boat. Many anglers interviewed in Troms (63%) and Hordaland (53%) were non-residents, of which 92 and 66% stayed in registered tourist fishing camps, respectively. Most anglers in the Oslofjord were residents, and in the inner Oslofjord, 63% of the resident anglers interviewed on-site were born outside Norway, which was not reflected in the telephone survey. Thus, if only off-site methods were used to map Norwegian MRF, this could lead to biased results in some regions.

Factors Associated With Dispensing Dosage Delivery Devices

OBJECTIVES A potential cause of medication errors in children is imprecise measurements, particularly using household spoons. There are no regulations requiring dispensing dose delivery devices (DDDs) with liquid prescription medications. Local, regional, and national pharmacy practice patterns are largely unknown. This study sought to determine how frequently devices are provided with prescription pediatric liquid medications with instructions for their use at pharmacies in Bronx, New York, and to examine which pharmacy and pharmacist characteristics are associated with reported practices. METHODS All pharmacies in Bronx, New York, were identified using an online telephone directory. A telephone survey was administered to the senior-level pharmacist that elicited availability of DDDs, whether pharmacy policy regarding dispensing devices existed, the pharmacist's personal practice of dispensing devices, and years in practice. RESULTS In total, 268 pharmacies were contacted; 214 had free DDDs (79.9%) most of the time, 97.8% had them available to buy, and 160 (59.7%) had no policy regarding dispensing devices. Overall, 199 pharmacists (74.3%) routinely dispensed devices, and 195 (73.3%) demonstrated the use of devices. However, 94 pharmacists (35.3%) recommended using a household spoon to measure correct doses at least some of the time. Pharmacists were less likely to give devices as their years in practice increased. CONCLUSIONS In our study, many Bronx pharmacies had no policy regarding dispensing DDDs for prescription liquid medications, and dispensing practices varied among pharmacists based on years in practice. If similar trends are found in other areas, standardizing pharmacy policy and pharmacists' practices may decrease morbidity in children due to medication measurement errors.

Paginas Amarelas

This case serves as a foundation for student discussion of the estimation of required rates of return (ROR) on investments in emerging markets. An associate in J.P. Morgan's Latin America M&A department (mergers and acquisitions) is assigned the task of valuing the telephone directory operations (“paginas amarelas” means “yellow pages”) of a large Brazilian conglomerate. All cash flows have been converted to U.S. dollars, and present values computed for various discount rates. The remaining step is to determine the appropriate target rate of returns for dollar flows originating in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is used along with a political risk premium and country beta. The necessary figure work is comparatively light, leaving the student time to reflect on the need for various adjustments in estimating crossborder rates of return.