AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR CORRECTION BY THE TRANSPLANTATION OF IN VITRO MODULATED IMMUNE CELLS

Aggression is a serious biomedical problem associated with a high percentage of patients and a lack of selective corrective agents. The most frequent increase in aggressiveness occurs in patients with depressive disorders, schizophrenia, reactive psychoses and adjustment disorders, which are known to be characterized by immunological dysfunction. Antipsychotics are widely used in the correction of psychomotor agitation; the antipsychotic effect of these drugs is manifested in the achievement of a sedative effect. However, like other psychoactive substances, they have a number of side effects that limit their long-term use and determines the need to search for new approaches to the correction of affective disorders. Experimental modeling of aggression is one of the main approaches for studying its pathogenetic mechanisms and searching for new effective therapeutic agents for the treatment. The study of the aggression pathogenetic mechanisms and the search for approaches to therapy within the framework of neuroimmune interaction is currently extremely promising. Currently, there is a large number of clinical and experimental data indicating interrelated changes in the functional activity of the nervous and immune systems during aggression. The leading links in the pathogenetic mechanism of aggression is the violation of the production and mutual regulation of cytokines, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, growth factors, hormones, the effects of which are mediated by the cellular elements of the immune system. Given the immune cells essential role in the pathogenesis of aggression and the psychoactive substances unidirectional effect on the immune and nervous cells, make it possible to consider immune cells as model objects for influencing the intersystem functional relationship in order to edit the aggressive phenotype. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of in vitro neuroleptic-modulated immune cells transplantation on behavioral phenotype and brain cytokines in aggressive syngeneic recipients. Aggressive behavior was formed in active male mice (CBA × C57Bl/6) F1 as a result of the experience of 20- fold victories in inter-male confrontations (distant sensory contact model). Aggressive mice splenocytes were treated in vitro with chlorpromazine and intravenously injected to syngeneic aggressive recipients. It has been demonstrated that modulated in vitro by chlorpromazine splenocytes of aggressive mice after transplantation edit the syngeneic aggressive recipient’s behavior against the background of a decrease in cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNγ and an increase in IL-4 in pathogenetically significant for aggression brain structures. The mechanisms of the aggressive behavior correcting effect of modulated immune cells are discussed.

Flow-sensory contact electrification of graphene

All-electronic interrogation of biofluid flow velocity by electrical nanosensors incorporated in ultra-low-power or self-sustained systems offers the promise of enabling multifarious emerging research and applications. However, existing nano-based electrical flow sensing technologies remain lacking in precision and stability and are typically only applicable to simple aqueous solutions or liquid/gas dual-phase mixtures, making them unsuitable for monitoring low-flow (~micrometer/second) yet important characteristics of continuous biofluids (such as hemorheological behaviors in microcirculation). Here, we show that monolayer-graphene single microelectrodes harvesting charge from continuous aqueous flow provide an effective flow sensing strategy that delivers key performance metrics orders of magnitude higher than other electrical approaches. In particular, over six-months stability and sub-micrometer/second resolution in real-time quantification of whole-blood flows with multiscale amplitude-temporal characteristics are obtained in a microfluidic chip.

Visible Garden Biodiversity Leads to an Increase in Noticing Nature, Which in Turn Leads to an Increase in Nature Connectedness

A strong connection to nature promotes behaviours that help conserve the natural world. However, it is likely that this relationship is reciprocal, with the pathways to nature connectedness including care for nature through pro-nature conservation behaviours and sensory contact with nature. Pro-conservation behaviours vary in terms of how much visible biodiversity, and therefore contact with nature, they produce. It is likely that conservation behaviours that support higher visible biodiversity will result in more sensory contact with nature and therefore greater levels of nature connectedness. The present research investigates the relationship between garden-focussed pro-nature conservation behaviour, noticing nature and nature connectedness using data from Natural England’s People and Nature Survey in the UK, a large national survey that includes items to measure noticing nature, nature connectedness, and pro-nature conservation behaviours. Results suggest that undertaking garden-based pro-nature conservation behaviours that enhance visible biodiversity leads to an increase in noticing nature, which in turn leads to an increase in nature connectedness. These results point to a relatively simple way to boost human connection to nature: boost and engage people with visible biodiversity.

EFFECTS OF GLYPROLINES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF RATSIN THE PORSOLTTEST AND EXPERIMENTALLYINDUCED SOCIALS

In this work we studied the effect of glyprolines on the behavior of rats under conditions of experimental social stress. White male rats 6-8 months of age were used in the experiment. Throughout the experiment all animals were kept in standard-barrier conditions. The effect of glyprolines on the behavior of white male rats was studied on the model of social stress, implying that the animals are kept in conditions of a constant sensory contact. Glyprolines (Selank, Pro-Gly-Pro, Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu) were injected to the animals Intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 μg/kg/day within 20 days. Porsolt test was employed to carry out behavioral analysis in the animals. The outcomes revealed that regardless of the type of behavior (aggressive and submissive) in all the animals depression and anxiety disorders were developed, whereas Selank, Pro-Gly-Pro, Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu facilitated their alleviation. Thus, our experiment has demonstrated a psychomodulatory effect of the glyprolines.

Influence of neuropeptides on psychoemotional state under conditions of “social” stress

Objective: experimental study of the influence of neuropeptides on the psychoemotional state of white male rats exposed to “social” stress. Materials and methods. A study of the psychomodulatory effect of neuropeptides (Semax, Selank, ACTH(6-9)-Pro-Gly-Pro, Pro-Gly-Pro, Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu) under conditions of experimental “social” stress was performed on white non-linear male rats. The studied neuropeptides were synthesized at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”. The study of the effect of neuropeptides on the behavior of male white rats was carried out on the model of “social” stress, the methodological reception of which is the constant residence of animals under conditions of sensory contact in order to form aggressive and submissive types of behavior. The effect of neuropeptides on the psychoemotional state of white rats under conditions of “social” stress was assessed on the basis of studying the behavior of animals in the tests “Elevated сruciform maze” and “Porsolt”. The “Elevated cruciform maze” test makes it possible to study the behavior of animals under conditions of variable stress (with a free choice of comfortable conditions) and allows assessing: the level of anxiety of the animal; symptoms of neurological deficiency. The test “Porsolt” provides an assessment of changes in the motor activity of animals and allows you to study the severity of the depressive state. Results. It was found that the effect of “social” stress on the behavior of male rats contributed to an increase in situational anxiety and the appearance of depressive-like behavioral reactions. It has been proven that the introduction of neuropeptides (Semax, Selank, ACTH(6-9)-Pro-Gly-Pro, Pro-Gly-Pro, Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu) helps to reduce increased anxiety in animals, both with aggressive and submissive types of behavior under conditions of “social” stress thereby providing a psychomodulatory effect. Conclusion. This study expands the understanding of the regulatory role of neuropeptides in the body, demonstrating the possibility of their influence on the psychoemotional state.

INFLUENCE OF SEMAX ON THE INTENSITY OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT ORGANS IN THE CONDITIONS OF “SOCIAL” STRESS

This study is devoted to an experimental study of the effect of Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) on the intensity of lipid peroxidation of the thymus and spleen lipids of male rats under conditions of “social” stress. “Social” stress in animals was modeled by the formation of aggressive and submissive behavior of males in the conditions of distant sensory contact. The intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the thymus and spleen was determined by spectrophotometry using three indicators: the initial level of products reacting with thiobarbituric acid (TBA-reactive products), the rate of spontaneous and induced by ascorbate and iron ions of LPO. “Social” stress is accompanied by an increase in peroxidation processes in immunocompetent organs, which contributes to the development of stress-induced functional disorders of the immune system. Against the background of Semax administration under “social” stress, its pronounced corrective effect on lipid peroxidation rates is observed, as evidenced by a decrease in spleen and thymus tissue homogenates of male rats in the initial level of TBA-reactive products, as well as spontaneous and ascorbate-dependent levels of lipid peroxidation.