Examining the reliability of Adaptive Comparative Judgement (ACJ) as an assessment tool in educational settings

Conventional approaches to assessment involve teachers and examiners judging the quality of learners work by reference to lists of criteria or other ‘outcome’ statements. This paper explores a quite different method of assessment using ‘Adaptive Comparative Judgement’ (ACJ) that was developed within a research project at Goldsmiths University of London between 2004 and 2010. The method was developed into a tool that enabled judges to distinguish better/worse performances not by allocating numbers through mark schemes, but rather by direct, holistic, judgement. The tool was successfully deployed through a series of national and international research and development exercises. But game-changing innovations are never flaw-less first time out (Golley, Jet: Frank Whittle and the Invention of the Jet Engine, Datum Publishing, Liphook Hampshire, 2009; Dyson, Against the odds: an autobiography, Texere Publishing, Knutsford Cheshire, 2001) and a series of careful investigations resulted in a problem being identified within the workings of ACJ (Bramley, Investigating the reliability of Adaptive Comparative Judgment, Cambridge Assessment Research Report, UK, Cambridge, 2015). The issue was with the ‘adaptive’ component of the algorithm that, under certain conditions, appeared to exaggerate the reliability statistic. The problem was ‘worked’ by the software company running ACJ and a solution found. This paper reports the whole sequence of events—from the original innovation, through deployment, the emergent problem, and the resulting solution that was published at an international conference (Rangel Smith and Lynch in: PATT36 International Conference. Research & Practice in Technology Education: Perspectives on Human Capacity and Development, 2018) and subsequently deployed within a modified ACJ algorithm.

Quantifying the Effects of Patent Protection on Innovation, Imitation, Growth, and Aggregate Productivity

I develop a general equilibrium model in which patent protection can increase or decrease the costs of sequential innovation, original innovation, and imitation. Depending on these relative effects, protection can in theory increase or decrease markups, imitation, innovation, growth, and aggregate productivity. I discipline the model using data from several different sources, and find that weakening protection in the U.S. would lead to no change in markups and imitation, no change in long-run growth, a significant increase in the number of firms, and an increase in aggregate productivity of 11%.

Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Research in China’s Colleges: A Review of Policy Reforms, 2000–2020

Purpose: This study conducts a systematic review of policy reforms for the evaluation of scientific and technological research (E-STR) in China’s colleges. In doing so, it identifies changes to past policies, as well as the objectives and realizability of the most recent policy reform. Design/Approach/Methods: This study systematically reviews the contexts of E-STR policy reforms in China’s colleges post 2000 using three important related policy documents from 2003, 2013, and 2020 as samples. Research findings were obtained via content analysis. Findings: Unlike previous attempts, the most recent policy reform has incorporated the lessons learned while introducing highly targeted measures and a monitoring mechanism. Such reform should accelerate the promotion of major original scientific research in China’s colleges, enhance the contribution of scientific research to socioeconomic development, and strengthen support for the cultivation of undergraduate talents. Originality/Value: Initiated in the early part of 2000, China’s latest E-STR policy reform constitutes an important turning point in the initiative to burst the research bubble and return to the essence of innovation. It will drive China’s colleges to embark on a research path that places value on original innovation and contribution to socioeconomic development.

How to form the leading innovation capability a multi-case study based on Haier and Huawei

This paper analyzes the innovation practices of Haier Group and Huawei Company since the leading innovation. On the basis of the existing research on “innovation leading”, this paper makes full use of the theoretical knowledge of original innovation and meaningful innovation, and tries to explore the formation path of leading innovation ability. In this paper, it is found that: First, the accumulation of original innovation ability supports the formation and the development of leading innovation ability. In the formation and the development of leading innovation ability, it is always accompanied by the accumulation and improvement of the original innovation ability. Second, the realization of leading innovation is always accompanied by the independent and controllable open innovation system. Under the condition of independent and controllable ability, the integration of domestic and foreign high-quality innovation resources for open innovation also plays a certain role in promoting the formation of leading innovation ability. Third, stimulating employees’ innovation behavior can stimulate the enthusiasm and creativity of innovation of all employees, and reserve innovation power for enterprises’ leading innovation, which is an important factor to promote the formation of enterprises’ leading innovation ability. Fourth, the sense of social responsibility conducive to innovation, driven by the entrepreneurial spirit, has formed a culture of innovation among all employees of the enterprise. Innovation and reform have become deeply embedded in the development of the enterprise, providing a value orientation for the formation of the leading innovation ability of the enterprise.

FEATURES OF CREATIVE MARKETING DEVELOPMENT IN CURRENT CONDITIONS

The article examines the role of creative marketing in a market economy. The essence and content of the concepts of creativity, creative marketing are considered, the conditions of its introduction, the types of marketing creativity are proposed. Creativity, innovation in socio-economic processes are the basis of high competitiveness in various activities is proved. In traditional goods and services, an increasing percentage of value added is original innovation. Creative marketing acts as a result of the creative thinking of a marketing professional. In general, it is the freedom to make a marketing decision based on the current environment, experience, knowledge, consumer behavior in each of the market segments are determined. Creative marketing as a marketing activity, which is based on innovative, non-standard solutions that allow to achieve significant results without dramatic changes in the available opportunities are characterized. The creative approach to marketing instruments is described as a reaction to the harsh unusual conditions of the foreign market and the practical lack of resources for development. Low effectiveness of traditional marketing tools creates the preconditions for the formation of new marketing tools and tools, develops new technologies for their implementation in practice, methods, techniques, and the institutional basis of new types of marketing are proved. Particular attention is paid to the practical component of creative marketing, which should prevail over the creative component of a process or result, since the evaluation of the effectiveness of a marketing idea will be carried out not by the degree of its originality, but by the degree of innovation, that is economic efficiency. While any results of creative marketing are affected by the perception of the brand of the company and the product itself, its ability to turn into an economic result creates the preconditions for the successful promotion of the product in the market. The groups of marketing creativity that provide stable high economic result: organizational marketing creativity and applied marketing creativity are covered.

Continuously Dynamic Mixing (CDM) Method and Greenhouse Salt Tunnel (GST) Technology for Sea Salt Production throughout the Year [Metode Continuously Dynamic Mixing (CDM) dan Teknologi Greenhouse Salt Tunnel (GST) Untuk Produksi Garam Sepanjang Tahun]

One of the biggest challenges in sea salt production is unpredictable and unsuitable weather. Sea salt production process is very depended on the evaporation rate of sea salt production and it will be stopped in the rainy season. One of the alternative strategies to solve this problem is the application of greenhouse salt crystallization in sea salt production. This study aims to develop the technology to produce sea salt in the rainy season by applying Continuously Dynamic Mixing Method (CDM) in the Greenhouse Sea Salt Tunnel (GST). The application of CDM in the GST is an original innovation developed by the researchers of this study. Environmental parameters analyzed in the present study were daily temperatures, wind speed, evaporation rate, humidity, and Baumé scale value. The quality of the produced sea salt was evaluated from the water and NaCl content. The results of this study indicate that the application of the CDM method in GST makes the sea salt production from the raw water materials (± 2° Be) can be conducted in the rainy season. The optimum water and NaCl content of the produced sea salt is 98.05 % and 7 %, respectively. The production of sea salt for one cycle (15 days) in this study is 300 kg/GST-Crystallization (44 m2). According to the results, the CDM method in the GST technology may improve the production of the sea salt in the rainy season and allow it to produce sea salt throughout the year.AbstrakSalah satu tantangan terbesar dalam produksi garam adalah kondisi cuaca yang tidak menentu ataupun tidak mendukung proses pengkristalan garam. Proses pembuatan garam yang sangat tergantung pada laju evaporasi membuat produksi garam akan berhenti pada musim hujan. Strategi pengoptimalan laju evaporasi dengan menggunakan rumah kristalisasi garam berkembang menjadi salah satu alternatif metode untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan teknologi produksi garam di musim hujan dengan menerapkan metode Continuously Dynamic Mixing (CDM) pada rumah kristalisasi berbentuk Greenhouse Salt Tunnel (GST). Penerapan metode CDM dalam teknologi GST merupakan inovasi teknologi yang dikembangkan khusus oleh peneliti dalam studi ini. Parameter lingkungan yang diteliti terdiri dari suhu harian (air dan udara), kecepatan angin, laju penguapan, kelembaban udara dan nilai skala Baumé dari air bahan baku garam. Kualitas produksi garam dievaluasi berdasarkan kandungan air dan kandungan NaCl. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan kalau penerapan metode CDM pada GST membuat produksi garam yang dimulai dari air muda (± 2° Be) dapat dilakukan pada musim hujan. Garam yang dihasilkan berwarna putih dengan kandungan NaCl dan kadar air, secara berturut-turut, adalah 98.05 % dan 7 %. Hasil produksi garam per siklus produksi dalam musim hujan (15 hari) sebesar 300 kg/GST-Kristalisasi (luasan 44 m2). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, metode CDM pada teknologi GST membuat produksi garam pada musim hujan sehingga produksi garam dapat dilakukan sepanjang tahun.

Revisiting Rogers: the diffusion of his innovation development process as a normative framework for innovation managers, students and scholars

Innovation has evolved into a core management function for most organizations. Business managers, regardless of sector or firm size, now require an understanding of and practice with the innovation process in order to develop a competence with navigating its winding path. To effectively engage in innovation processes, individuals require a distinct set of knowledge, aptitude and skills, or key innovative competencies. This paper examines a broad multidisciplinary literature focused on how innovation happens and the normative elements of its process, to inform key innovative competencies across its many phases. Through document analysis, empirically-based innovation process theories and models are examined with the intent to discover and propose a normative framework. The literature review provides a broad classification of innovation process descriptions and phases reflecting Everett Rogers’ original innovation-development process (IDP). Rogers’ IDP is proposed as a normative framework from which individual innovative competencies are identified and classified. Both the framework and typology are proposed as guides for innovation process understanding, participation and management. For innovation researchers and educators, this article suggests an innovation process normative framework may act as a recipe for further research on innovative competencies and innovation management pedagogical models.