Effects of Technical Textiles and Synthetic Nanofibers on Environmental Pollution

Textile manufacturing has been one of the highest polluting industrial sectors. It represents about one-fifth of worldwide industrial water pollution. It uses a huge number of chemicals, numerous of which are carcinogenic. The textile industry releases many harmful chemicals, such as heavy metals and formaldehyde, into water streams and soil, as well as toxic gases such as suspended particulate matter and sulphur dioxide to air. These hazardous wastes, may cause diseases and severe problems to human health such as respiratory and heart diseases. Pollution caused by the worldwide textile manufacturing units results in unimaginable harm, such as textile polymers, auxiliaries and dyes, to the environment. This review presents a systematic and comprehensive survey of all recently produced high-performance textiles; and will therefore assist a deeper understanding of technical textiles providing a bridge between manufacturer and end-user. Moreover, the achievements in advanced applications of textile material will be extensively studied. Many classes of technical textiles were proved in a variety of applications of different fields. The introductory material- and process-correlated identifications regarding raw materials and their transformation into yarns, fibers and fabrics followed by dyeing, printing, finishing of technical textiles and their further processing will be explored. Thus, the environmental impacts of technical textiles on soil, air and water are discussed.

Application of Nano particles by Layer-by-Layer (LBL) Deposition Technique to Improve the Functionality of Textiles

Few decades back, a Nano word with big promising has been precipitously implying itself into the world's realization and associates with everyday life, economics and globally consequences. Functionalization of textile polymers has been practiced by different techniques to confer new properties on to the fibre so as to enable their application in fields other than textile industry. Nanotechnology may deliver the better performances and functionality to the textile materials due to the high surface area and energy. Further, Nanoparticles can apply on the fabrics by coating method without affecting the comfort and feel of the fabrics. It has improved the various properties like ultra violet protection, antibacterial and stain proof etc. LBL techniques is used to produce a thin polymeric film in a controlled manner on a surface of fabrics by using of different size of molecular weights and charges of polyelectrolytes. The unique feature of this technique is that it forms a very thin layer on fabric surface (1-10 nm) as compared to other available techniques; thus, no deterioration of surface properties of the substrate on which they are deposited. Nano TiO2 and ZnO particles along with polyelectrolytes and produce PEM on the Nylon 66 substrate by using LBL technique to get the antimicrobial and Ultraviolet protection property.

Factors influencing the laser treatment of textile materials: An overview

A number of laser treatments in the textile industry such as: marking, engraving, cutting, welding, sintering, three-dimensional scanning, and others, have been successfully applied in recent years. Laser technologies are ones that may be used for decorative or identification marking of products, precise cutting, quality joining by welding both traditional materials and newly developed ones. The use of laser systems for processing of materials, in particular, textile polymers, increases due to the speed, accuracy, and flexibility of this innovative technology. The factors exerting impact over, the laser processing of natural and synthetic textile materials are a lot. They are encountered in certain connections and relationships to each other and affect, to a greater or lesser extent, the quality of the laser processing. The process may be optimized by selecting and managing the most significant factors. Most of them are presented and analyzed in this article aimed at understanding the physical nature of these processes. The factors, which exert the greatest impact on the technological process for laser treatments of textile materials, are indicated.