TEACHER BEHAVIOR STRATEGY IN THE UNCERTAINTY OF THE CONDITIONS OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

It is proved that the current tendencies of reforming the postgraduate pedagogical education make it possible to state that the uncertainty in obtaining the results of professional development of teachers is the main condition for the emergence of risks of professional development. The concept of professional development in terms of the paradigm of education is characterized. An experimental research was organized and conducted. The purpose was to determine the personal properties of teachers, which determine the effectiveness of decision-making in a situation of uncertain of the conditions of professional development. The objectives of the experiment include: to establish the professional and personal qualities of teachers, which make decision-making in a situation of uncertainty; perform mathematical processing and interpretation of experimental research; summarize the results and make recommendations. This research presents results of definition and substantiation of the main strategies of behavior of teachers in the situation of uncertain conditions of professional development. These include: vigilance, avoidance, procrastination, dustiness. Teachers have the highest average values for the Vigilance Strategy, which indicates a careful consideration of alternatives before making a decision. The generalized results of the research characterize the educators' conscious choice of a behavioral strategy to make a decision in a situation of uncertain conditions of professional development. It is established that modern postgraduate pedagogical education has various forms of formal, non-formal and informal adult education. In the long term, we consider it necessary to analyze the potential of technologies of professional development of teachers in terms of advanced training.

CONCEPTUAL IDEAS AND ORIENTATORS OF THE NOTHERN AMERICAN MODEL OF ADULT EDUCATION

The article deals with conceptual ideas and orientators of Northern American model of adult education. It is substantiated, that Nothern American model of adult education is based on the following philosophical directions: liberalism, progressivism, behaviorism, humanism, radicalism, constructivism. Liberalism has ancient roots and comes from the fact that since man is the real source of progress in society, it is necessary to ensure his rights and freedoms, providing equal access to education regardless of social status and well-being. The basic principle of liberal education is singled out, in particular, to develop a personality that is consonant with the purpose of a liberal education in ancient times - the education of citizens who can become active participants in a democratic society. It is proved that non-formal adult education should be continuous, focus on the development of intellectual abilities, be accessible to all sections of the population, and its content must meet their needs. It was found out that the historical roots of the philosophy of progressivism associated with progressive political movement in society and education. Its basis is the concept of interaction between education and society, empirical theory of education democratization of education. It was found out that behavioral direction, whose founder was John Watson, appeared in the USA in the early XX century. Based on the theory of Pavlov's conditioned reflexes, his supporters (J. Watson, B. Sninner E. Thorndike) examined personality as a set of behavioral responses to stimuli of the environment. It is identified that the purpose of adult education - behavior modification adult-oriented changes in humans. It was proved, that unlike behaviorists, representatives of humanistic direction (J. Brown, Johnson, Maslow, M. Knowles, K. Rogers, etc.) considered man independent, active, open to change and self-actualization person. It was stressed, that the founders of the radical trend, based on theories of anarchism, marxism, socialism, considering education in general and adult education, in particular, as an important mechanism to achieve radical changes in society. It updates the social role of non-formal adult education, because it requires critical thinking and personal participation in these changes. It was found out, that according to philosophy of constructivism person is unique in his/her vision of the world, beliefs, outlook because he/she is able to construct his/her personal understanding of reality. A teacher is not just a transmitter of knowledge,he/she serves as the consultant, moderator, facilitator. The analysis of scientific literature showed that adult education in the USA has evolved with the development of society, and has a long history and some traditions, mainly seen as informal adult education, aimed at self-improvement of adult to meet his/her educational needs; mechanism of civil society formation.

THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-DRIVE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALAY LANGUAGE PROGRAMME: NON-NATIVE ADULTS’ PERSPECTIVE

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyse non-native adults’ self-drive and ways that has influenced towards the development of Malay language programme in which the programme caters to their needs, expectations and self-drive in University of Malaya for Continuing Education. Methodology: This study aims to analyse non-native adults’ self-drive in an informal adult education at a higher learning institution in Malaysia using an action research method comprising 58 non-native adult learners which was implemented from January 2014 to December 2017. The evidence gathered through feedback, observation and continuous assessment. Findings: The outcome of this study reveals that strong self-drive among non-native adult learners encouraged and increased the effort towards the introduction of a Malay language programme that suits their needs and expectations. Research Limitations/Implications: It was reported that the development of new Malay programme would have been more successful and benefits more language instructors and academicians. Their involvement would provide more support and critical views in the research in order to validate the formulation of the Malay programme. Social Implications: The improvement in teaching and learning process undertaken has also accelerated adult learners’ attainment and competency in Malay language. As a result of non-native adult leaners’ excellent attainment has reinforced the Malay language educator to attract and increase the enrolment for continuing education at higher learning institutions that offer Malay programme as lifelong learning programme. Originality/Value: The study on self-drive among non-native adults and how it has influenced towards the development of a Malay programme that caters to their needs, interests and expectations is still new, and it is a first-hand study of its kind. The results will be useful for those who are involved in adult teaching and in steering Malay as Modern Foreign Language programme at higher education.

Érzés vagy racionális tény? - Az önbizalom, mint a LLL egyik kulcstényezője

Nowadays the concept of trust attracts special attention. One of the most common approaches is examining self-confidence alongside human values and competencies.The study intends to point out the significance of self-confidence with regard to adult efficiency. The hypothesis is that positive self-assurance can essentially influence our achievement and our achievement has an impact on our self-confidence. Self-confidence often has a reflection as a feeling in the consciousness – the study strives to decompose this feeling or emotion into rational, measurable features and show its effect in the reflection of the self-image created by successful top managers and leaders.The data are from the results of studies collected since 2014 among top managers in the competitive sector during their non-formal? informal adult education. In the evaluation process, Emőke Nyéki’s 8-year-long expertise and knowledge in adult education is completed with her decade-long experience as a leader.

Drama in the Dale: Transformation Through Community Drama

During the winter of 2011-2012, Weardale, England, was the setting for an ambitious informal adult education project. In this rural area in the northeast part of the country, the local arts collective, Jack Drum Arts, established a community play project entitled The Bonny Moorhen. This dramatic undertaking aimed to retell the story of the infamous Battle of Stanhope, a local lead miners’ uprising. The project took place in a converted barn and involved a group of sixty learners of all ages and from all walks of life. The troupe formed the choir, band, backstage crew, and company of actors who, with the support of professional artists, built a temporary theater space. Each member of this collective made a personal journey. Here Helen Mills and Alan Anderson, in association with Julie Ward, cofounder and project producer at Jack Drum Arts, offer their personal testimonies from the project.

INFORMAL ADULT EDUCATION IN KEDAINIAI REGION: EXPLICIT LINKS BETWEEN CAREER AND EDUCATION, CAREER CHANGES

Due to rapid changes in the dynamics of trade market needs, learning and career as life-long pro-cesses have become the burning issues of modern society. Knowledge and skills acquired in comprehensive school, college or university cannot guarantee a strong position in the trade market. An important point is the latest information on the situation in different regions of Lithuania. In October - December 2008, a qualitative research was carried out. 29 respondents participated in the survey based on the structural interview providing a possibility of establishing the main conditions for informal adult education including available information, motivation for learning, evaluation in terms of usefulness and an aspect of career changes. Theoretical analysis puts emphasis on the links between informal adult education and career oppor-tunities. Informal education positively determines a further successful development of a personal career. Learning greatly expands the field of individual opportunities and choices and creates preconditions for making a decision on the development of a personal career. The carried out assessment of the situation on informal education in Kedainiai region disclosed that: • all establishments of informal education in Kedainiai region offer a possibility of and create the re-quired conditions for taking part in the process of life-long learning; • a local database of adult education services (training courses, seminars etc.) and organized pro-grammes provided by different institutions has been established; • the problem of financial support (lack and inadequacy of resources necessary to accomplish the mission established by the institutions of informal education) has been noticed. Obvious positive career changes of the learners who attended the institutions of adult informal educa-tion in Kedainiai region have been established. The majority of the surveyed participants found personal career changes successful and effective. An assessment of positions (opinions and evaluations) taken by the learners reveals that along the factors having impact on motivation such as aspirations, quality-based orien-tation and intentions of learning, other factors increasing students’ motivation for learning exist: • wish for conforming to constantly changing situation; • intention to remain competitive in the labour market; • wish for having means of support; • doubtful future possibilities. An analysis of employer’s positions (opinions and evaluations) indicates a positive attitude towards in-formal employees’ education. In seems to be clear that the prestige of informal adult education is increasing and the importance of understanding this phenomenon is gaining more weight in society. An assessment of the executives (opinions and evaluations) of the organizations arranging the sessions of informal teaching discloses that informal learning helps with increasing personal and professional compe-tencies, offers the possibility of self-realization, assists in retaining work places, determines the rise of new professional competencies and ensures successful changes in personal careers. Key words: career changes, informal adult education, teaching, learning.

Didactic Theatre in Africa

David Kerr examines how performing arts in Africa have been used as a tool for informal adult education. Focusing on their history and dual nature, he characterizes some performing arts as "spontaneous creations of the African masses" and others as plays whose "messages emerged not from a genuine popular viewpoint, but were imposed by an alien force." By analyzing the pedagogic and aesthetic features of didactic theatre,the author reveals the subtle distinctions between a theatre that reflects colonial values and one that encourages critical reflection.