Penggunaan Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) untuk Pengembangan Skala Kecemasan Statistik dalam Pendidikan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekplorasi pada pengembangan awal skala kecemasan statistik dalam pendidikan melalui Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian ex post facto. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 230 (laki-laki, n = 66; perempuan, n = 164) responden dari berbagai fakultas di Univeristas Negeri Medan dengan rentang usia 19-25 tahun. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan skala kecemasan statistik dengan 51 item pada skala likert 5 poin. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan EFA mengidentifikasi empat faktor dari 51 item, dengan nama faktor yaitu: Faktor 1, worth of statistics (24 item; loading faktor mulai dari 0.443 hinga 0.748); Faktor 2, interpretation anxiety (16 item; loading faktor mulai dari 0.448 hingga 0.777); Faktor 3, test and class anxiety (7 item; loading faktor mulai dari 0.477 hingga 0.661); Faktor 4, fear of statistics teachers (4 item; loading faktor mulai dari 0.367 hingga 0.757). Penelitian ini menetapkan item dengan loading faktor di bawah 0.50 tidak digunakan, seperti pada Faktor 1 terdapat tiga item, Faktor 2 terdapat tiga item, Faktor 3 terdapat dua item, Faktor 4 terdapat dua item.

EXPLORING THE LEVEL AND PRIMARY CAUSES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING ANXIETY AMONG ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS

English public speaking anxiety is a crucial issue experienced by students and it needs to be coped with acknowledging the importance of public speaking proficiency concerning today's demands. As EFL students, many studies have found that they encountered a considerable level of public speaking anxiety in which significantly affects their speaking quality. Therefore, measuring students' public speaking anxiety is essential since it can help both the students and teachers to know the level and primary causes of public speaking anxiety so that effective strategies can be designed to overcome this particular issue. Hence, the researchers attempt to investigate the level and primary causes of EFL students' public speaking anxiety. This present study participated by 34 third-semester students of the English Department at Universitas Tidar. In collecting the data regarding the public speaking anxiety level, the researchers used the Public Speaking Class Anxiety Scale (PSCAS) proposed by Yaikhong & Usaha (2012). Furthermore, the results from the questionnaire are delineated to explore the causes of public speaking anxiety. The study found that 58.8% of students experienced a medium level of public speaking anxiety. In addition, most of the students agreed that fear of negative evaluation becomes the major anxiety-provoking factor following by communication apprehension and test anxiety—lastly, only almost half of the students’ experience comfort in speaking English.

El discurso oficial de la clase media china: ansiedad, nacionalismo y populismo / The Official Discourse of the Chinese Middle Class: Anxiety, Nationalism and Populism

The media have played a key role in the dissemination of an official middle-class discourse that emerged in the People’s Republic of China two decades ago. The emergence and construction of a middle-class discourse in China will be analysed through news items published in Renmin Wang (People’s Daily Online), the digital version of the official newspaper of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), in order to answer the question: why does the CCP promote an official middle-class discourse in China? The findings suggest that the Party-State legitimises its authority by taking different stances based on a populist nationalism that fosters a new identity consistent with neoliberal values, which goes hand in hand with the discourse of the middle class.

On the Fringes of the Classless Society: Notes on Constantin Stoiciu’s Film Scripts

"Focusing on the film scripts of the lesser-known, but prominent writer and film official Constantin Stoiciu, this essay assesses his contribution to the shared cinematic imaginary of the late ’60s and ’70s Romanian cinema and delineates the main strategies he resorted to in order to insert two of his thematic obsessions, class differentiation and class anxiety, into his narratives penned for the big screen."

Kecemasan Statistika pada Mahasiswa Program Sarjana Pendidikan Agama Islam Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

The high level of student’s statistics anxiety affects the performance of students in the study of statistics. The measurement of statistical anxiety is still rarely done, and the measurement results are also vary. This study explores the level of student's statistical anxiety in the Islamics Education undergraduate program at UIN Walisongo Semarang who took the statistics course in the odd semester of 2020/2021. Research respondents were 70 people. To measure the level of anxiety of statistics students, an instrument of measurement that is used is the Statistical Anxiety Rating Scale (STARS) at the three factors first, namely: Test and class anxiety, Interpretation Anxiety, and Fear of Asking for Help. Observations carried out by way of filling the questionnaire by the students, and analysis of data using analysis of statistics descriptive. Results of the study showed the levels of statistics anxiety for undergraduate student at the Islamic Study of UIN Walisongo Semarang is an amount to 31%. The factors that most trigger statistical anxiety are tests and class activity. If differentiated by the type of sex, then a student of women experiencing anxiety statistics are more substantial than the students of men.Abstrak: Tingginya level kecemasan statistika (statistics anxiety) mahasiswa mempengaruhi performa mahasiswa dalam belajar statistika. Pengukuran kecemasan statistika masih jarang dilakukan, dan hasil pengukurannya juga beragam. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi level kecemasan statistika mahasiswa pada program sarjana PAI UIN Walisongo Semarang yang mengambil matakuliah statistika pada semester gasal 2020/2021. Responden penelitiannya adalah 70 orang. Untuk mengukur level kecemasan statistika mahasiswa, instrumen pengukuran yang digunakan adalah Statistical Anxiety Rating Scale (STARS) dengan dengan tiga faktor pertama, yaitu:, Test and class anxiety, Interpretation Anxiety, dan Fear of Asking for Help. Observasi dilakukan dengan cara pengisian kuesioner oleh mahasiswa, dan analisis data menggunakan analisis statistika deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan level kecemasan statistika mahasiswa program sarjana PAI UIN Walisongo Semarang adalah sebesar 31%. Faktor yang paling memicu kecemasan statistika adalah ujian dan kegiatan perkuliahan (Test and Class Anxiety). Jika dibedakan berdasarkan jenis kelamin, maka mahasiswa perempuan mengalami kecemasan statistika yang lebih besar dibandingkan mahasiswa laki-laki.

That Old Devil Called ‘Statistics’: Statistics Anxiety in University Students and Related Factors

The present study investigated relationships between statistics anxiety (SA), trait anxiety, attitudes towards mathematics and statistics, and academic achievement among university students who had at least one study course related to statistics in their study programme. Five hundred and twelve students from the University of Ljubljana completed the Statistics Anxiety Rating Scale (STARS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and answered questions about their perceptions of mathematics and statistics. The results showed below-average mean scores on the STARS dimensions, except for the Test and Class Anxiety with the average score around the midpoint of the scale. Female students reported higher levels of SA than male students did. The highest levels of SA were reported by students who perceived mathematics and statistics as a threat. The subscales of the STARS correlated positively with students’ trait anxiety. Students who reported less enjoyment in mathematics in high school perceived statistics to be a less worthy subject and had a lower computation self-concept. Students who had better mathematics performance in high school and higher average study grades also reported a higher computation self-concept. In the present study, we translated the STARS questionnaire into Slovenian and confirmed the six-factor structure of the questionnaire. The results provide a basis for further research on statistics anxiety and further validation of the STARS questionnaire. The results can also aid statistics teachers in better understanding students’ worries, fears, and attitudes towards statistics and in learning about the factors that affect students’ statistics anxiety and their work in the course.

The Effect of Using STEAM Approach on Motivation Towards Learning Among High School Students in Jordan

This study aimed at investigating the effect of applying integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics (STEAM) approach on motivation among students of grade 10 in a private school in Amman. In this context the researchers used a quasi-experimental method. The sample of this study involved 32 high school students; the individuals of the study were intentionally chosen and distributed randomly into two groups: the control group consisted of 19 students who studied Geography in a conventional way, and the experimental group consisted of 13 students who studied the same content using STEAM approach. To achieve the study goals, the researchers developed an instrument to measure motivation towards learning geography that focused on the following constructs of motivation: Internal Motivation, Grade Motivation, Class Anxiety, Career Motivation, Self-Efficacy, and Teacher Obedience. After verifying its validity and reliability, the instrument was applied on the study sample. The results of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed no significant difference on motivation in all of its constructs except for (Class Anxiety) which was in favor of the experimental group. The study recommended providing teachers with enough and valuable training opportunities on how to activate STEAM approach to ensure meaningful learning for students and to increase their awareness to future careers including STEAM jobs.