Сoating of a multicomponent system Al–Cr–Ni–Co–Fe on a steel substrate obtained by laser

In recent years, the unique physical and mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been the subject of increased attention of researchers. The study of the thermodynamic characteristics of such materials may be of interest for formulating the principles of the formation of structures with the required functional characteristics. Since the processes of structure and phase formation, as well as the diffusion mobility of atoms, the mechanism for the formation of mechanical properties and thermal stability differ significantly from similar processes in traditional alloys, HEAs are singled out into a special group of materials.The article presents a brief overview of the results of obtaining a high-entropy alloy by the combined method. At the first stage, a precursor layer was deposited by сold gas dynamic spraying (CGDS), and at the second stage, it was subjected to high-energy action using a laser. An alloy of the Al-Cr-Ni-Co-Fe type has been studied. By varying the ratio of the components, it was possible to obtain an almost equimolar composition for this system. A prediction of properties and structure is made based on the phase composition of the system.

SYNTHESIS AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HETEROMETALLIC COMPLEXES OF Pr(III) WITH Zn(II), CO(II) BASED ON ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC AND ETHYLENEDIAMINEDISUCCINIC ACIDS

New heterometallic f-d-complexes of Pr (III), Co(II), Zn(II) with aminopolycarboxylic acids (ethylenediaminetetraacetic, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acids) have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. It was found that complexes with a molar ratio of Pr:M3d: EDTA=1:2:2 are formed for ethylenediaminetetraacetic compounds, and that in the case of complexes based on EDDS, heteronuclear compounds of the equimolar composition Pr: M3d: EDDS = 1: 1: 1 are formed. It is shown that it is expedient to carry out the synthesis of heterometallic complexes on the basis of mono­nuclear polycarboxylates of 3d metals, which act as a «building block» for the preparation of a heterobinuclear compound by the exo coordination of additional metal ions. The complexes are characterized by the method of electron absorption spectroscopy. It is shown that independent of 3d-metal, for both heterometallic systems based on EDDS, a hypsochromic shift of the absorption maxima relative to νmax is observed for the homonuclear praseodymium complex. For ethylenediaminetetraacetate systems, the absorption maxima undergo both low- and high-frequency shift, which indicates the different nature of the ligand field effect, which is caused primarily by differences in the structure of the corresponding heteronuclearaminopolycarboxylates due to the presence of a chiral carbon atom in the EDDS molecule. For the supersensitive transitions Pr(III)) 3H4 →3P2 and 3H4 → 1D2 , the covalence parameters of the Ln-O bond have been calculated: osci­llator power (P), nepheloxetic parameter (β), covalence parameter (b1/2), Sinha parameter (δ). Analysis of the spectroscopic parameters indicates a decrease in the covalence of the lanthanide-ligand bond in the transition from mono- to heteronuclear complex, and a decrease in the local symmetry of the lanthanide ion occurs in the order Ln (III) aqua ion <hete­rometallic complex <monometallic complex. Heteronuclear complexes are several orders of magnitude more stable than mononuclear ones due to the formation of additional bonds or metallacycles with donor ligand atoms. It is noted that the stability of complexes with EDDS is lower than that of the corresponding complexes with EDTA due to the different size and number of chelated metallacycles. The obtained heteronuclear complexes belong to folded complexes, in which the ligand-complexone realizes the maximum denticity to the lanthanide ion, and the coordination sphere of the 3d-cation is formed by carboxyl groups EDTA / EDDS and inner-sphere water molecules. In this case, the ions of 3d-metals are in a distorted octahedral environment, and the coordination number of Pr(III) is 8.

A Contribution to the Solid State Forms of Bis(demethoxy)curcumin: Co-Crystal Screening and Characterization

Bis(demethoxy)curcumin (BDMC) is one of the main active components found in turmeric. Major drawbacks for its usage are its low aqueous solubility, and the challenging separation from other curcuminoids present in turmeric. Co-crystallization can be applied to alter the physicochemical properties of BDMC in a desired manner. A co-crystal screening of BDMC with four hydroxybenzenes was carried out using four different methods of co-crystal production: crystallization from solution by slow solvent evaporation (SSE), and rapid solvent removal (RSR), liquid-assisted grinding (LAG), and crystallization from the melt phase. Two co-crystal phases of BDMC were obtained with pyrogallol (PYR), and hydroxyquinol (HYQ). PYR-BDMC co-crystals can be obtained only from the melt, while HYQ-BDMC co-crystals could also be produced by LAG. Both co-crystals possess an equimolar composition and reveal an incongruent melting behavior. Infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of BDMC in the diketo form in the PYR co-crystals, while it is in a more stable keto-enol form in the HYQ co-crystals. Solubility measurements in ethanol and an ethanol-water mixture revealed an increase of solubility in the latter, but a slightly negative effect on ethanol solubility. These results are useful for a prospective development of crystallization-based separation processes of chemical similar substances through co-crystallization.

New atmospheric corrosion inhibitor of aluminum alloy D16

The application of mixed corrosion inhibitor (CI), which is an equimolar composition of oleoyl sarcosinate (SOS) and sodium flufenamate (SFF), for protection of D16 aluminum alloy from atmospheric corrosion has been studied. The polarization measurements used to assess the effectiveness of preliminary passivation of the alloy with solutions of SOS, SFF and their composition showed significant advantages of mixed CI. The XPS method was used to study features of CI adsorption on the surface of D16 alloy. It has been established that upon adsorption of SOS and SFF separately a monolayer is formed, firmly bonded to the alloy surface, thickness of which is not exceeding 2.6—3.2 nm. After the joint adsorption of these CI, the layer thickness reaches 12—20 nm. The composition of this layer includes a considerable amount of Al3+ ions (~20%) related to their compounds with SFF and SOS, as well as to aluminum hydroxides. A possible mechanism for the formation of such a protective layer is proposed. The results of corrosion tests in a humid atmosphere with daily water condensation on samples of D16 alloy confirmed the high protective ability of the mixed CI film.

Cellulose dissolution and regeneration using a non-aqueous, non-stoichiometric protic ionic liquid system

The solubility of cellulose has been studied as a function of composition in the binary mixture of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine and propionic acid. In amine-rich compositions, greater quantities of cellulose can be dissolved than in the equimolar composition, a.k.a. the protic ionic liquid [TMGH][OPr]. By applying a methodology of a short period of heating followed by cooling, similar concentrations of cellulose can be achieved in a much shorter time period. Finally, regeneration of cellulose from solution can be achieved by altering the acid:amine molar ratio. In comparison to cellulose regenerated from these solutions using water as an antisolvent, cellulose regenerated with propionic acid exhibit a lower crystallinity as inferred from x-ray diffractometry, but a greater average molecular weight as inferred from gel permeation chromatography.

ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCING OF TERBIUM AND HOLMIUM IONS IN THE SODIUM AND POTASSIUM CHLORIDES MELT WITH EQUIMOLAR COMPOSITION

Interest to rare-earth metals (REM) and their alloys is due to the possibility of using them for the creation of new materials need for modern technology. For instance, REM as alloying components allows for preparation of material with special magnetic properties. A promising method for forming such coating is the surface treatment of metals. This process has an electrochemical character as such for the organization of technology the knowledge of kinetics and mechanism of these processes is important. Despite significant interest in rare-earth metals, these issues are not well described in the literature. In order to choose an adequate mathematical model for calculation of kinetic primers, preliminary experiments that allow evaluating the reversibility of the electrode process have been conducted. Based on that, it was concluded that cathodic reduction of terbium and holmium ions in equimolar NaCl-KCl melt is irreversible. By means of voltammetric analysis, kinetic parameters (transfer coefficients, heterogeneous constants of charge transfer rate) of terbium and holmium electroreduction in equimolar NaCl-KCl melt were determined. The experiment was conducted in a three-electrode cell under a purified argon atmosphere. A dependency of kinetic parameters on the concentration of terbium and holmium chlorides wt (%): 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, was determined. The experiment was conducted in 1073–1173K temperature range. Values of kinetic parameters increase with temperature but decrease with the increase of REM chloride. Based on obtained data, it was found that electroreduction of chloride complexes LnCl63– (Ln–Tb, Ho) in equimolar NaCl-KCl melt is irreversible in the studied range of temperatures and REM concentrations. In summary of experimental data, in range of temperature and rare-earth chloride concentration, and assumption was made that reduction of terbium and holmium ions occurs in two stages. The process includes the preceding stage of complex dissociation. A mechanism of LnCl63– complex reduction in the mentioned melt is proposed. The obtained results are in agreement with literate data for analogues systems.

Structural and Microstructural Characterization of CoCrFeNiPd High Entropy Alloys

According to literature, a High Entropy Alloy (HEA) has close to equimolar composition and forms mostly fcc and/or bcc phases as well as solid solutions, i.e. the elements take random occupations on available lattice sites. In this paper we report studies on HEAs of the CoCrFeNiPd system. All alloys have been found to, contrary to what has been reported earlier in literature, consist of four different phases, three of them of fcc type. The relative amounts of the different phases depend on Pd concentration. The different phases seem to be fully interconnected.

A phase-field study of domain dynamics in ferroelectric BCT-BZT system

ABSTRACTWe present a thermodynamically consistent phase-field model describing the free energy of perovskite-based BCT-BZT solid solution containing an intermediate morphotropic phase boundaries. The Landau coefficients are derived as functions of composition of zirconium. The electrostrictive and elastic constants are appropriately chosen from experimental findings. The resulting Landau free energy is constructed to describe the stable polarization states as a function of composition. The evolution of the polarization order parameters at a particular composition is described by a set of time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equations. Additionally, we solve Poisson’s equation and mechanical equilibrium equation to account for the ferroelectric/ferroelastic interactions. We have performed two dimensional and three-dimensional simulations with appropriate electrical boundary conditions to study the effect of external electric field on domain dynamics in BCT-BZT system at the equimolar composition.