Adsorption of the Petrochemical Pollutants Released at the Small Vehicle-Service Facilities on the Coal Refinery Sludge/Pyrocarbon Compositions

It has been proven that the use of coal-like adsorbents with the mosaic and hydrophobic surface structure is efficient in cleaning thewastewater from a wide range of pollutants under the condition of their uncontrolled release from various small enterprises. Thisrange includes such environmentally dangerous agents as petrochemicals and other pollutants formed at car filling, carwash stationsor other similar facilities. Technical pyrocarbon and the coal refinery sludges are readily available waste materials with high porosity,which exhibit some adsorption activity and can be utilized in water/wastewater treatment solutions. Then the adsorbents can be eitherdisposed of at the landfill areas or incinerated as components of some secondary fuels. The highest adsorption performance is achievedfor the sorbent mixture of the refinery sludges and technical pyrocarbon with the ratio of the components 4:1.If the wastewater is flowing through this composition, the degree of petrochemicals removal reaches 75-80% for the mixture sludge/technical pyrocarbon, while the pure pyrocarbon ensures the removal degree of 15-20% only. Though adsorption efficiency under stationary conditions (keeping the adsorbent and the wastewater in contact inside some decontamination pond/vessel for at least 24 h) ishigher, this option is hard-to-realize for a small car service/wash station. As an alternative, comparatively small wastewater cleaningcartridges filled with the 4:1 mixture of coal sludge and technical pyrocarbon can be recommended for preliminary decontaminationof the wastewater formed at such enterprises before their discharge to the local municipal sewerage lines.

ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS OF SEPARATE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS AT COAL MINING AND COAL PROCESSING ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

The article describes the organizational regional structure of industrial waste management in modern Ukraine, which will improve the efficiency of industrial waste management systems and industrial energy facilities in Ukraine. The structure of industrial waste management at different system levels, from the national to the level of an industrial enterprise, is described. The data on the recommendations of the World Health Organization on the emissions of toxicants into the air and the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on the content of the main pollutant gases in air emissions from stationary sources of Ukraine from 1990 to 2018 are presented. The scheme of the negative impact on the environment of emissions of pollutants from stationary sources – production facilities of coal mining and coal processing is characterized. Comparative data on the indicators of the volumes of toxic waste generation at the enterprises of European countries and the heavy industry of Ukraine are given. It is shown that the main sources of the impact of coal processing enterprises and coal processing industries on all spheres of the environment are organized and unorganized dust and gas emissions, discharges of process wastewater and effluents from the surface and from the volumes of dumps and sludge collectors of coal processing plants. As a result of comprehensive research by the authors, a number of coal dumps of concentrating factories in Eastern Ukraine have been studied, migration routes and concentration of rare and heavy metal compounds in the soil near coal dumps have been investigated. Rather stringent standards for the content of hazardous substances in industrial waste require special methods for neutralizing coal sludge before final disposal and / or disposal.of the raw materials used to obtain humic acids. The corresponding equations are given. Keywords: coal sludge, coal preparation plants, coal dumps, sludge collectors, surface runoff, environmental pollution, emissions into the atmosphere, gaseous, liquid and solid toxicants. Corresponding author O.М. Kasimov, e-mail: [email protected]

Investigation of properties, structural links and structure of dispersed systems from coal sludges

Goal. Investigate the mineral composition of coal sludge and determine its effect on the properties, structural bonds and structure of dispersed systems from them. The research technique consists in the application of methods for measuring the structural and mechanical properties of dispersed systems. To assess the characteristics of the mechanical properties of structured dispersed systems, the most rational methods are to determine their deformation properties: strength - ultimate shear stress, modulus of elasticity and relaxation characteristics. Macroscopic and optical methods were used to study the mineral composition of sludges from coal concentrators. Results of the research. The study of coal industry waste as dispersed systems is performed. The factors and structured structure that influence the technological processes in the processing of coal sludge and the application of the method of electrokinetic lumping are analyzed. The mineral composition of waste - dispersed systems is determined. It is established that the main factors determining the structural and rheological properties of dispersed systems include: adhesion force in the contacts between particles, coordination number, concentration of the dispersed phase in the dispersion medium, dispersion and particle size distribution. It is proved that the main factor that determines the interaction of dispersed systems is the presence of adsorption balls of surfactants. Scientific novelty. An inseparable connection between dispersed systems and surface phenomena, as well as the kinetics of electrochemical processes on interfacial surfaces, microheterogeneity, sorption and ion exchange processes in ultramicroporous systems has been established. Practical meaning. Technological parameters of processes and ways of perspective treatment of wastes of coal concentrators as dispersed systems at their processing and use as additional power resources are substantiated.

A Comprehensive Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Large-Scale Multi-Fuel CFB Boiler Burning Coal and Syngas. Part 1. The CFD Model of a Large-Scale Multi-Fuel CFB Combustion

The paper is focused on the idea of multi-fuel combustion in a large-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. The article discusses the concept of simultaneous coal and syngas combustion. A comprehensive three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed, which allows us to describe complex phenomena that occur in the combustion chamber of the CFB boiler burning coal and syngas produced from coal sludge.

Effect of addition of coal sludge to polymeric material on thermal effects in analysis by TG/DTG/DSC methods

The paper presents the application of thermal analysis methods in the study of various materials: coal sludge, polymeric material and composites of a polymer with coal sludge (fraction of coal sludge in composites: 1%, 3% and 5%). TG/DTG/DSC curves obtained during measurements in air atmosphere were analyzed. Polymers are used in many industries, that is why their thermal characteristics are so important. On the other hand, the mining industry, forced to supply power plants better quality fuel, must perform more thorough coal cleaning. This results in a continuous increase in waste in the form of coal sludge. The best method of disposing of these wastes is thermal utilisation (combustion and co-combustion), as well as use in composites with other materials. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the effect of the addition of coal sludge to the polymer on the energetic effect and the rate of mass change of the material sample during the thermal process by TG/DTG/DSC methods.

Technogenic Coal Formations – Promising Raw Materials for Improvement of Mining and Processing Enterprises Energy Independence

There are coal-processing products (coal sludge, screening, dust, coke dust and fines) and organic waste (excess activated sludge, waste from water treatment plants) suggests using to produce energy gaseous in the paper. The optimal compositions of molded granules subjected to thermochemical processing to obtain synthesis gas are determined. The technological design of coal and organic waste joint processing has been developed. The main technological parameters of the processes are indicated and calculations of the main material flows are performed in accordance with the conditions of the processes.