scholarly journals Adsorption of the Petrochemical Pollutants Released at the Small Vehicle-Service Facilities on the Coal Refinery Sludge/Pyrocarbon Compositions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya FEDORYAK ◽  
Olena BORUK ◽  
Sergiy BORUK ◽  
Igor WINKLER
Keyword(s):  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Adsorption Activity ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Coal Sludge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stationary Conditions

It has been proven that the use of coal-like adsorbents with the mosaic and hydrophobic surface structure is efficient in cleaning thewastewater from a wide range of pollutants under the condition of their uncontrolled release from various small enterprises. Thisrange includes such environmentally dangerous agents as petrochemicals and other pollutants formed at car filling, carwash stationsor other similar facilities. Technical pyrocarbon and the coal refinery sludges are readily available waste materials with high porosity,which exhibit some adsorption activity and can be utilized in water/wastewater treatment solutions. Then the adsorbents can be eitherdisposed of at the landfill areas or incinerated as components of some secondary fuels. The highest adsorption performance is achievedfor the sorbent mixture of the refinery sludges and technical pyrocarbon with the ratio of the components 4:1.If the wastewater is flowing through this composition, the degree of petrochemicals removal reaches 75-80% for the mixture sludge/technical pyrocarbon, while the pure pyrocarbon ensures the removal degree of 15-20% only. Though adsorption efficiency under stationary conditions (keeping the adsorbent and the wastewater in contact inside some decontamination pond/vessel for at least 24 h) ishigher, this option is hard-to-realize for a small car service/wash station. As an alternative, comparatively small wastewater cleaningcartridges filled with the 4:1 mixture of coal sludge and technical pyrocarbon can be recommended for preliminary decontaminationof the wastewater formed at such enterprises before their discharge to the local municipal sewerage lines.

A Novel Versatile Process for the Production of Polymer Foams

1998 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Shastri ◽  
I. Martin ◽  
R. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Polymer Foams ◽  
Polymer Foam ◽  
Water Soluble Polymers ◽  
Soluble Polymers ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Time

AbstractPorous polymeric media are used in several applications such as solid supports for separations and catalysis, as well as biomedical applications such as vascular grafts and wound dressings. We have developed a novel versatile process to produce polymeric cellular solids. This process which is based on a phase extraction-co-polymer precipitation is applicable to a wide range of polymer systems including water soluble polymers. It is capable of yielding polymer foams of high porosity (> 90%) and excellent mechanical characteristics in a very short time (less than 2 hours) without limitations in foam thickness. Polymer foam with such characteristics have great utility in tissue engineering applications. We have successfully explored polymer foams of biocompatible polymers produced by the presented approach for bone and cartilage engineering using bone marrow stromal cells.

scholarly journals Influence of the Natural Zeolite Particle Size Toward the Ammonia Adsorption Activity in Ceramic Hollow Fiber Membrane

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Mohd Ridhwan Adam ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman ◽  
Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohd Nazri Mohd Sokri ◽  
Zhong Sheng Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Adsorption Activity ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Zeolite Particle

Natural zeolite is widely used in removing ammonia via adsorption process because of its superior ion-exchange properties. Ceramic particle size affects the adsorptivity of particles toward ammonia. In this study, hollow fiber ceramic membrane (HFCM) was fabricated from natural zeolite via phase inversion. The effect of natural zeolite particle size toward the properties and performance of HFCM was evaluated. The results show that the HFCM with smaller particle sizes exhibited a more compact morphological structure with better mechanical strength. The adsorption performance of HFCM was significantly improved with smaller particle sizes because of longer residence time, as proven by the lower water permeability. A high adsorption performance of 96.67% was achieved for HFCM with the smallest particle size (36 μm). These findings provide a new perspective on the promising properties of the natural zeolite-derived HFCM for ammonia removal.

scholarly journals Rheology of magnetic colloids containing clusters of particle platelets and polymer nanofibres

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2171) ◽  
pp. 20190255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariem Mekni Abrougui ◽  
Ezzeddine Srasra ◽  
Modesto T. Lopez-Lopez ◽  
Juan D. G. Duran
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Magnetorheological Effect

Magnetic hydrogels (ferrogels) are soft materials with a wide range of applications, especially in biomedicine because (i) they can be provided with the required biocompatibility; (ii) their heterogeneous structure allows their use as scaffolds for tissue engineering; (iii) their mechanical properties can be modified by changing different design parameters or by the action of magnetic fields. These characteristics confer them unique properties for acting as patterns that mimic the architecture of biological systems. In addition, and (iv) given their high porosity and aqueous content, ferrogels can be loaded with drugs and guided towards specific targets for local (non-systemic) pharmaceutical treatments. The ferrogels prepared in this work contain magnetic particles obtained by precipitation of magnetite nanoparticles onto the porous surface of bentonite platelets. Then, the particles were functionalized by adsorption of alginate molecules and dispersed in an aqueous solution of sodium alginate. Finally, the gelation was promoted by cross-linking the alginate molecules with Ca 2+ ions. The viscoelastic properties of the ferrogels were measured in the absence/presence of external magnetic fields, showing that these ferrogels exhibited a strong enough magnetorheological effect. This behaviour is explained considering the field-induced strengthening of the heterogeneous (particle–polymer) network generated inside the ferrogel. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Patterns in soft and biological matters'.

Thermographic Studies of Aerogel Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Keerthi Sanghamitra ◽  
A. Yamini ◽  
A. Venu Vinod ◽  
Neha Hebalkar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Silica Aerogel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Composite Form ◽  
Insulation Performance

AbstractAerogels are regarded as the superior thermal insulating materials for wide range of temperatures, from cryogenic insulation, cold water diving garments to high temperature applications and even to defense and aerospace applications. For most of such applications, the aerogels are used in composite form rather than monolithic form as aerogels are fragile in nature due to its high porosity of up to 98%. These composites constitute aerogel infiltrated fiber mats to give flexibility, on the other hand, compromises on the insulation performance due to reinforcing aerogel with fibers that have comparatively higher thermal conductivity than silica aerogel. To increase the efficiency, density of the fiber mat needs to be reduced to incorporate higher loading of silica aerogel. Many techniques are being used to study the insulation performance of these composites. This paper presents about the study of insulation performance of fibre mats with different aerogel content and composition using a well-known thermography technique. The morphological, compositional, thermal and physical studies of the fiber mats and its composites using FESEM, EDAX, BET, thermal conductivity etc., are discussed.

scholarly journals Controllable synthesis of pomelo peel-based aerogel and its application in adsorption of oil/organic pollutants

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyu Shi ◽  
Yizhu Qian ◽  
Fengzhi Tan ◽  
Weijie Cai ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water

Oil/water separation is a field of high significance as it might efficiently resolve the contamination of industrial oily wastewater and other oil/water pollution. In this paper, an environmentally-friendly hydrophobic aerogel with high porosity and low density was successfully synthesized with renewable pomelo peels (PPs) as precursors. Typically, a series of sponge aerogels (HPSA-0, HPSA-1 and HPSA-2) were facilely prepared via high-speed dispersion, freeze-drying and silanization with methyltrimethoxysilane. Indeed, the physical properties of aerogel such as density and pore diameter could be tailored by different additives (filter paper fibre and polyvinyl alcohol). Hence, their physico-chemical properties including internal morphology and chemical structure were characterized in detail by Fourier transform infrared, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Thermal gravimetric analyzer (TG) etc. Moreover, the adsorption capacity was further determined and the results revealed that the PP-based aerogels presented excellent adsorption performance for a wide range of oil products and/or organic solvents (crude oil 49.8 g g −1 , soya bean oil 62.3 g g −1 , chloroform 71.3 g g −1 etc.). The corresponding cyclic tests showed the absorption capacity decreased slightly from 94.66% to 93.82% after 10 consecutive cycles, indicating a high recyclability.

Parallel Flow Through Ordered Fibers: An Analytical Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tamayol ◽  
M. Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Fibrous Media ◽  
Fully Developed Flow ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hexagonal Arrangement ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Hexagonal Arrays ◽  
Comparison With Experimental Data

In this study, fully developed flow parallel to ordered fibers is investigated analytically. The considered fibrous media are made up of in-line (square), staggered, and hexagonal arrays of cylinders. Starting from the general solution of Poisson’s equation, compact analytical solutions are proposed for both velocity distribution and permeability of the considered structures. In addition, independent numerical simulations are performed for the considered arrangements over the entire range of porosity and the results are compared with the proposed solutions. The developed solutions are successfully verified through comparison with experimental data, collected by others, and the present numerical results over a wide range of porosity. The results show that for the ordered arrangements with high porosity, the parallel permeability is independent of the microstructure geometrical arrangements; on the other hand, for lower porosities the hexagonal arrangement provides lower pressure drop, as expected.

Optimization of Taxation and Accounting As a Condition of Small Innovative Business Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
M. Protasov ◽  
A. Aynazarov ◽  
R. Ahmadeev ◽  
T. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Complex Effect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
Holding Back ◽  
The Impact

The article assesses the impact of the tax burden and optimization of the accounting system on the deterrent effect of choosing an innovative direction of activity by small businesses. Based on the results of the study, it was determined that the range of tax benefits and simplifications for accounting provided is quite a wide range and cannot be a deterrent to choosing an innovative type of activity. At the same time, a rather low innovative activity of small business was noted. Despite the fact that small innovative business has the ability to optimize taxation and accounting, many other factors have a complex effect on the choice of companies' activities, which leads to the effect of holding back the development of small enterprises in the innovative sector of the economy.

scholarly journals Manufacture of Fine-Pored Ceramics by the Gelcasting Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronisław Psiuk ◽  
Anna Gerle ◽  
Małgorzata Osadnik ◽  
Andrzej Śliwa
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Nanoporous Materials ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Wide Range

The fine-pored materials represent a wide range of applications and searches are being continued to develop methods of their manufacturing. In the article, based on measurements on fine-grained powders of Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2, it has been demonstrated that gelcasting can be relatively simple method of obtaining of nanoporous materials with high values of both specific surface area and open porosity. The powders were dispersed in silica sol, and the gelling initiator was NH4Cl. The usefulness of experiment design theory for developing of fine-pored materials with high porosity and specific surface area was also shown.

Macro-Defect-Free Cement: A Review

1989 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Francis Young
Keyword(s):  
Cement Paste ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Particle Packing ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cement Based Materials

Cement-based materials have been traditionally formed by casting. The amount of water used in the casting process determines the porosity of the hardened material. The water requirements, and the tendency for cement grains to agglomerate, result in hardened cement paste having high porosity and a wide range of pore sizes. Consequently, such materials are not very strong and contain critical flaws whose dimensions are of the order of 0.1 mm. Although improvements in particle packing and particle dispersion to reduce porosity have resulted in significant increases in strength, such materials are still very brittle and have relatively low tensile and flexural strengths.

scholarly journals By-products of fruits processing as a source of phytochemicals

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Djilas ◽  
Jasna Canadanovic-Brunet ◽  
Gordana Cetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
By Products

The processing of fruits results in high amounts of waste materials such as peels, seeds, stones, and oilseed meals. A disposal of these materials usually represents a problem that is further aggravated by legal restrictions. Thus new aspects concerning the use of these wastes as by-products for further exploitation on the production of food additives or supplements with high nutritional value have gained increasing interest because these are high-value products and their recovery may be economically attractive. It is well known that by-products represent an important source of sugars, minerals, organic acid, dietary fibre and phenolics which have a wide range of action which includes antitumoral, antiviral, antibacterial, cardioprotective and antimutagenic activities. This review discusses the potential of the most important by-products of apple, grape and citrus fruits processing as a source of valuable compounds. The relevance of this topic is illustrated by a number of references.

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