Japan's economy is poised for recovery

Significance In its wake, the cabinet under Prime Minister Fumio Kishida announced a record JPY55.7tn (USD490bn) economic relief package, billed as a step toward a 'live with corona' world in which the disease is endemic but does not disrupt the economy. Impacts Pent-up demand may increase sales of manufactured consumer goods. Restrictions on foreign labour will be eased, which will increase the foreign workforce once pandemic-related entry restrictions are lifted. Auto industry recovery and manufacturing revival more broadly also support a positive outlook as supply shortages appear to be resolving.

Subject Post-election outlook for Singapore. Significance The September 28 cabinet reshuffle is designed to emphasise policy continuity for markets and Singaporeans. The People's Action Party's (PAP) decisive victory in the September 11 national elections halted the opposition's upwards momentum from the 2011's election. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong's focus now is on his legacy and succession. Impacts Greater coordination of government operations and policy could see intra-government spats, potentially complicating policy implementation. Improving transport infrastructure, reducing foreign labour and bolstering the middle class will be government priorities. The opposition may need a more formal agreement, perhaps a coalition, to regain political momentum.


Significance Canada’s Liberal Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is preparing to welcome a more predictable and stable partner in Biden than outgoing Republican President Donald Trump. However, Biden is also expected quickly to cancel the Keystone XL pipeline, cutting another lifeline to Canada’s oil industry and creating some strain in Canada-US ties. Impacts Improved Canada-US ties will persist even if Trudeau loses the next federal election to Conservative Erin O’Toole. Canada will re-engage militarily with UN peacekeeping and NATO deployments. Trudeau will encourage Biden to end US prosecution of Meng Wanzhou, allowing Canada to release her; Biden may agree. Canada’s border with the United States will open in stages as COVID-19 recedes. Ottawa will push Biden to end ‘Buy American’ procurement policies, with little success.


Significance The authorities went ahead with the arrest of Nika Melia, leader of the opposition United National Movement (UNM), on February 23 even after the prime minister resigned in protest. Georgian Dream's actions have caused concern in Western capitals that approved its election victory when the opposition cried foul. Impacts The crisis is a setback for the government's stated plan to apply for EU membership in 2024. There is growing talk in the United States about individual sanctions targeting Ivanishvili and his associates. Political turmoil will harm hopes of foreign direct investment and the imminent Anaklia port tender.


Significance As many as a dozen lockdown parties are now alleged to have been held at Downing Street, significantly damaging Johnson’s support among the public and his Conservative Party. His position as party leader and prime minister is gravely threatened. Impacts Johnson’s domestic troubles, coupled with rising economic concerns, increase the chance of an agreement with the EU over Northern Ireland. Disillusionment with Johnson, opposition to net-zero and culture wars open the door for Nigel Farage’s Reform Party to revive its appeal. Rising inflation threatens to undermine consumer confidence and slow the economic recovery over the coming year.


Significance The assassination follows months of political turmoil and rising gang violence and comes just weeks before elections, scheduled for September 26. Interim Prime Minister Claude Joseph, who has taken charge of the country, said yesterday that measures were being taken “to guarantee the continuity of the state and to protect the nation". Impacts Further political assassinations would exacerbate unrest. The Dominican Republic has closed its border, fearing a migrant surge; the situation will bolster public support there for a border wall. The UN Security Council meets today and may authorise emergency action in Haiti; any substantial redeployment, however, would take time.


ICSID Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 303-313

303Procedure — Summary dismissal — ICSID Arbitration Rule 41(5) — Manifestly without legal merit — Whether the tribunal had all relevant materials to make a decision — Whether the tribunal could dispose of the objection to jurisdiction clearly with relative easeJurisdiction — Investment — ICSID Convention, Article 25 — Double-barrelled test — Whether the scope of investment under the ICSID Convention and definition of investment under the BIT comprised two separate requirementsJurisdiction — Investment — Contract — ICSID Convention, Article 25 — Whether contracts for the sale and purchase of consumer goods satisfied the objective and autonomous concept of investment — Whether undertakings by State officials transformed the contracts into a protected investmentJurisdiction — Investment — Contract — Whether contracts satisfied the definition of investment under the BIT as claims for money associated with an investment — Whether contracts satisfied the definition of investment under the BIT as rights conferred by law or contract


Significance His death was announced a day after the March 6 legislative election results showed the ruling Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace (RHDP) secured 137 out of 254 contested seats. Bakayoko’s death has opened up a race to succeed President Alassane Ouattara at the end of his third and final term in 2025. Impacts Ouattara will likely hand-pick his successor again and seek to spearhead the RHDP’s 2025 campaign. An emboldened opposition will seek to exploit the government’s failure to stem widening economic inequalities. A new prime minister will struggle to create jobs and alleviate poverty to stem public anger and boost his popularity.


Significance He did not name a new prime minister. Over July 25-26, Saied dismissed Prime Minister Hicham Mechichi, dissolved his government, suspended parliament for 30 days, lifted parliamentary immunity and declared himself chief prosecutor, triggering Tunisia’s worst political crisis in a decade. Impacts The Ennahda party could be persecuted once again, this time on corruption charges, as the reconciliation offered excludes its members. Tunisia may become a new ideological battleground, pitting Turkey and Qatar against the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia and Egypt. The EU, the United States and Algeria have some influence on Tunisia and could perhaps play a moderating role.


Significance The possibility of Japan joining the alliance is now seriously discussed in Tokyo and the capitals of the Five Eyes members -- the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Joining Five Eyes would signal Japan’s even deeper integration into US alliance structures, regionally and globally, and raise expectations for Japan to act as a fuller ally in all sorts of contingencies. Impacts Japan’s greatest potential contribution to allies is probably in signals and imagery intelligence, especially vis-a-vis China. The prime minister will avoid opening up a controversial foreign policy issue so close to a general election; his successor may be bolder. Japan’s partners still run a risk of leaks due to Japan’s lag in cybersecurity and institutional arrangements, but this is decreasing.


Significance The prime minister and finance minister, Aymane Benabderrahmane, has loaded some substantive policy reforms into the 2022 budget law, including a provision for reform of the subsidy system, revisions to the investment law and changes to income tax. Impacts There is a high risk that within the next five years there will be a slump in oil and gas prices. Algeria’s heavy reliance on hydrocarbons makes it particularly vulnerable once momentum builds up for global decarbonisation. Subsidy reform will entail price increases, even if they are gradually applied.


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