World Alzheimer’s Day: The Need to Spread Awareness

Short Commentray on the Occasion of World Alzheimer’s Day by Dr. Harpreet Grewal, Professor & Head (Unit-II), Department of Dentistry, UCMS & GTB Hospital, Delhi-110095

Concept of Short-Range Radar and Counter-Projectile for Detecting and Countering Armour-Piercing Projectiles

During warfare and acts of terrorism an extreme threat to vehicles and other high-value assets comes from armour-piercing projectiles. Under these conditions, defence systems should include devices capable of rapid detection of these threats. Defence assets should also be provided with counter-projectile systems capable of destroying incoming armour-piercing projectiles at a safe distance from the asset to be protected. This paper describes the concept of a system comprising of a lightweight short-range radar and a counter-projectile for countering armour-piercing projectiles. The purpose of the radar is to monitor the environment and search for incoming armour-piercing projectiles. When an armour-piercing projectile is detected in a designated monitoring area, an automatic command is given for the counter-projectile launcher to be fired. The counter-projectile deployed can be equipped with a single or multi-sensor detection head unit and an explosive payload module, both being the primary components of the warhead. When the signal analysis blocks interfaced with the detection head determine that the armour-piercing projectile to be struck down is in the target position in relation to the counter-projectile deployed, they automatically command the explosive payload module to detonate. The components of the system concept were tested in proving ground conditions. The successful results of these tests confirmed the validity of the solutions initially adopted and the execution of the individual systems.

Estimasi dosis serap sel kanker nasofaring dan lidah dari perlakukan radioterapi konvensional cobalt-60 berbasis MCNPX

Modifikasi radioterapi diperlukan untuk memaksimalkan dosis serap sel kanker dan meminimalkan dosis terimaan organ sekitarnya. Pada perlakuan kanker nasofaring, target penyinaran PTV dilakukan dengan menggeser posisi obyek 3 cm ke depan dan 2 cm ke atas dari pusat GTV. Penelitian ini menitikberaktan pada penentuan dosis serap radiasi kanker nasofaring dan lidah, dengan teknik penyinaran latero-lateral (sudut 90˚dan 270˚) dan supraclave (sudut 0˚). Berbasis pemrograman MCNPX, berkas sinar gamma dimodelkan berdasar spesifikasi head unit GammaBeam100-80, SSD 80 cm, medan radiasi untuk supraclave (12 x 12) cm2 dan (17 x 9) cm2 untuk latero-lateral. Hasil menarik yang masih perlu dikaji lanjut adalah, dari total 2,0 Gy per fraksi penyinaran yang ditembakkan, dosis serap gabungan untuk penyinaran latero-lateral dan supraclave dari GTV dan PTV, masing-masing adalah 2,99 Gy dan 2,89 Gy. Sedang dosis terimaan pada lidah dari GTV dan PTV masing-masing adalah 0,16 Gy dan 0,13 Gy yang tergolong aman di bawah batas ambang dosis yang diperbolehkan.

Abvernebenstelle «Minsk» in the nazi-occupied territory of Belarus: a review of historiography

Most scientific works on the subject of the occupied territories are devoted to the heroic struggle of partisans and underground fighters, and punitive practices of the Nazis to destroy the civilian population. The problem of Hitler’s security services, whose activity led to large losses on the part of the underground movement, remained out of sight of researchers.One of the white spots remains the problem of Abwehrnebenstelle (ANST) “Minsk” – the head unit of military counterintelligence (Abwehr) in the General District of White Ruthenia. During the occupation, employees of the Minsk branch of Abwehr participated in operations against the Minsk city party Committee; they also identified underground groups in Stalag­352 and others.In the postwar years, for ideological reasons, the work of Hitler’s security services was not discussed in the open press. References to them served as a background for showing the heroic struggle of the underground and partisans. The situation has changed since the early 1990s.The article presents a historiographical analysis of publications on this problem for the period from the year 1952 to the present. As a result, a number of errors were identified, discussion and other issues were highlighted, which allow to conclude that the activities of ANST “Minsk” did not become the subject of a separate scientific study. Hence, the issues to further investigation are outlined.

Оnomastic Lexicography Within Linguistic-and-Ecological Approach

In the study linguistic-and-ecological approach is used for describing the reference book of regional toponyms The Names of Settlements in the Volgograd Region as a lexicographic issue. Dictionary entry zones are described and the most complex issues of their compilation are indicated. The authors have characterized the entry zone The Degree of Name Uniqueness within the Region, represented in the onomastic dictionaries for the first time. The four successive stages in oikonym uniqueness gradation have been identified, that enables making adjustments to the directories and reference books while nominating settlements. The zone of the dictionary entry Syntactic Characteristic of the Head Unit in Combination with the Appellative, the introduction of which is stipulated by the variability of such combinations in speech practice, contains information about case parallelism between the oikonym and the appellative, or its absence. The zone of the dictionary entry Ottoponymic Derivatives of the Vocabulary Unit reveals the possibility of forming relative adjectives and nouns naming the inhabitants of a particular locality. Dictionary entries in the reference book are drawn up taking into account the linguistic-and-ecological criteria developed by the authors for the toponymic names.

THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF MULTILANGUAGE DICTIONARIES:

There is a need to systematize the information represented by dictionaries in modern bilingual linguography. The microstructure of bilingual (Russian-Tatar, Tatar-Russian) dictionaries is analyzed in the article. The object of the study was more than 200 language reference books (1951-2015) published in Russia.The following system of concepts is considered as a dictionary microstructure: a dictionary entry, a header unit, a phonetic characteristic, a grammatical characteristic, a head unit semantization (interpretation, translation equivalent), compatibility, etymological information, lexicographic illustration and lexicographical litter. Traditional forms of a head unit are described in the course of the analysis, the cases of an initial form unequal submission are revealed, etc. Besides, phonetic characteristics, etymological data presentation methods are analyzed in modern bilingual language reference books. During the analysis of the Tatar dictionary microstructure, it was found that not all vocabularies contain all of the listed zones, an initial form of a header unit is not fed in the same way, several words can be used as a head unit, most of the dictionaries (56% of the total number) has no examples of use, dictionary marks (grammatical, terminological, etc.) within the same dictionary; they are presented inconsistently. A comprehensive study of dictionary microstructure demonstrates the existence of various kinds of discrepancies and inaccuracies, which are associated mainly with the violation of one of the leading principles of linguography - the principle of uniformity.

Software design of the smart antenna in the connectivity infotainment system

This paper designs a smart antenna system for the connective vehicle infotainment. It provides a whole software solution for the Vehicle Head Unit independent with OS system. It includes worldwide analog and digital radio and TV, full radio stacks, FM to DAB on web radio seamlessly, vehicle networking management. This paper is to define the interface between the smart antenna module and the Head Unit. The physical link between the smart antenna and the Head Unit is Ethernet, the interface is based on several protocols based on IP protocol such as UPnP, HTTP to receive a radio signal and use it. Thanks to the open source structures and integrating all the radio stacks, this system is much easier for OEM vehicle companies and Tier one suppliers to adopt the smart antenna into the infotainment Head Unit. It saves them a lot of developing time and cost.