Age and gender disparities in the prevalence of lipitension

Introduction Lipitension is the presence of hypertension and dyslipidaemia in one person. It multiplies cardiovascular risk up to three-fold and therefore requires timely diagnosing and treatment. Purpose In the present study, we calculated the prevalence of lipitension and its disparities depending on gender and age. Methods We used the randomized sample of the ESSE-RF study that included 1603 urban and rural Krasnoyarsk Krai inhabitants aged 25–64. Each study participant signed informed consent and underwent the questionnaire, office blood pressure measurement, anthropometry, and biochemical blood analysis. Hypertension criteria were the measured systolic blood pressure at 140 mm Hg or higher, the measured diastolic blood pressure at 90 mm Hg or higher, or antihypertensive medications intake. Dyslipidaemia criteria were the total cholesterol level higher than 5.0 mmol/l, the low-density lipoprotein level higher than 3.0 mmol/l, the high-density lipoprotein level lower than 1.0 mmol/l in males and 1.2 mmol/l in females, or triglycerides level higher than 1.7 mmol/l. Results In 40.0% of people, we found a combination of at least one hypertension criterion and at least one dyslipidaemia criterion. The prevalence of lipitension significantly (chi-square for trend; p<0.001) increased from 10.7% in the 25–34 age group to 66.6% in the 55–64 age group. At a younger age, males had dyslipidaemia more frequently than females, while at 55–64, the prevalence of lipitension was higher in females. The details of age and gender disparities are shown in Table 1. Conclusion At least 40% of the general population and two-thirds of people older than 55 have lipitension and need a combined antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Table 1

Utility of non-HDL-C in predicting proteinuria remission of idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a retrospective cohort study

Background Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) may have various clinical outcomes. Hyperlipidemia is quite common in IMN. However, the utility of the lipid profile in predicting outcomes remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the correlation between hyperlipidemia and proteinuria remission in IMN. Methods 256 patients who diagnosed with IMN confirmed by renal biopsy in Wuhan Tongji Hospital from January 2016 to October 2020 were included in this study. The end point was defined as a combination of partial and complete remission. Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier curve were applied to assess the prognostic value of the lipid profile for proteinuria remission. Results A total of 153 (59.8%) patients achieved remission and 103 (40.2%) did not. The levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein were significantly lower in the remission group than in the non-remission group. Non-high-density lipoprotein level revealed the strongest correlation with proteinuria (Spearman’s rho = 0.42; P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that serum total cholesterol [hazard ratio (HR): 0.883; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.813–0.958; P = 0.003] and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR: 0.892; 95% CI: 0.820–0.970; P = 0.007) levels were independent markers to predict proteinuria remission in IMN. Conclusions Among the lipid profile, the non-high-density lipoprotein level exhibited the strongest correlation with proteinuria in IMN. Moreover, elevated serum cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations at baseline predicted probability of proteinuria non-remission in IMN.

P–583 Differential lipidomic characteristics of children born to women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Study question To describe lipidomic characteristics of offspring born to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS-off) women and assess the associations of clinical phenotypes changes with differential lipids. Summary answer PCOS-off showed specific changes in lipidomics and some differential lipids (e.g., phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin) may be the potential markers of aberrant cardiometabolic health. What is known already Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovarian morphology, affects about 8–13% of women of fertile age. Aberrant metabolic pathophysiological changes and increased pregnancy complications associated with PCOS predispose PCOS patients to have suboptimal intrauterine environments and that may produce a detrimental impact on the cardiometabolic health of their children. Study design, size, duration A total of 141 blood plasma samples from 70 children born to PCOS women (43 girls, 27 boys) and 71 healthy control children (44 girls, 27 boys) were obtained for lipidomics. Participants/materials, setting, methods Blood samples were centrifuged at 2000 rpm, 4 °C for 20 min, and the upper plasma was collected and used for lipid extraction. Then the waters ACQUITY UPLC I-Class system and The Xevo G2-S Q-TOF with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source (Waters, Manchester, UK) was used for chromatographic analysis and mass spectrometry analysis separately. Main results and the role of chance In total, 44 metabolites were found to be significantly altered in PCOS-off, including 8 up-regulated and 36 down-regulated metabolites. After stratified by sex, 44 metabolites were found to express differently in girls born to PCOS women (PCOS-g). 13 metabolites were up-regulated, and 31 metabolites were down-regulated, most of which belong to glycerolipids species. While 46 metabolites were found to express differently in boys born to PCOS women (PCOS-b) with 9 increased metabolites and 35 decreased ones, most of which were glycerophospholipids metabolites. Additionally, significant associations between metabolites changes and weight Z-score as well as high density lipoprotein level were found in PCOS-off. In PCOS-g, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein level were found to be correlated with some metabolites, whereas in PCOS-b, thyroid stimulating hormone and high density lipoprotein were correlated with some lipids. Limitations, reasons for caution Other species of metabolites except lipids are not included in this study. Besides, some potential confounding maternal factors, such as smoking, drinking, breastfeeding etc. were not included due to the lack of data. Wider implications of the findings: The results had broadened our understanding of PCOS-off’s cardiometabolic status and emphasized monitor and special management in this susceptible group of population. Trial registration number Not applicable

Comparative Analysis between Martin’s Formula and Friedewald’s Formula with Direct Homogenous Assay for Estimating Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level in Nepalese Population

Background: Low density lipoproteinforms a basis of decision making in treatment of hypercholesterolemic patients and primary target of intervention. Its cost effective and accurate measurementis a need for every clinical laboratories and different calculation methods has been adopted as a replacement to direct assays. This study aims to evaluate the Martin’s formula and Friedewald’s formula in a sample of Nepalese population compared against direct homogenous assay. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Biochemistry from Feb 2020 to January 2021. Serum samples of the participants were analysed for total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. Martin’s and Friedewald’s formula were applied to get calculated value of low density lipoprotein from both methods. Passing and Bablok regression analysis was used for methods comparison. Results: The mean age of participants was 54.2 ± 8.9 years. Passing-Bablok regression analysis showed Friedewald’s formula performed better than Martin’s formula as per systematic and proportional bias when compared with directassay. However at lowerserum low density lipoprotein level, underestimation of low density lipoprotein compared to direct assay was more common in Friedewald’s formula. At high triglyceride level more percentage error of difference of mean from direct assay was found for Friedewald’s formula. Conclusion: When compared to direct assay, Friedewald’s formula was found to be in better agreement than Martin’s formula. Martin’s formula had advantage over Friedewald’s formula at lower serum low density lipoprotein level and higher triglyceride level where Friedewald’s formula mostly underestimated low density lipoprotein.

Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compounds Combined with Standard Western Medicine for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Coronary Heart Disease

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds combined with standard treatments for diabetes mellitus (DM) complicated by coronary heart disease (CHD). We performed a systematic and comprehensive search of the China Knowledge Network, WanFang, WeiPu, PubMed, and Web of Science, including Chinese and English articles, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the use of Chinese herbal compounds for the treatment of DM complicated by CHD published before June 1, 2020. The literature was screened according to standard criteria. Risk assessment, based on the Jadad scale, was performed using the Review Manager5.3 software for meta-analysis. In total, 23 articles were selected, including 2405 cases. The meta-analysis showed that the combination of standard treatments with TCM compounds significantly improved the overall treatment efficacy for DM complicated by CHD (OR(odds ratio) = 4.39; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.30–5.84; P < 0.0001 ), fasting blood glucose level (mean difference (MD) = −1.04; 95% CI, −1.96 to −0.13; P = 0.03 ), total cholesterol level (MD = −1.16; 95% CI, −1.48 to −0.83; P < 0.0001 ), triglyceride (MD = −0.46; 95% CI, −0.62 to −0.29; P < 0.0001 ), low-density lipoprotein level (MD = −0.57; 95% CI, −0.87 to −0.27; P = 0.0002 ), high-density lipoprotein level (MD = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.26; P = 0.02 ), and electrocardiogram (OR = 4.20; 95% CI, 3.15 to 8.18; P < 0.0001 ). In contrast, there was no improvement of 2-hour postprandial glucose level (MD = −1.03; 95% CI, −2.14 to 0.08; P = 0.07 ), or adverse reactions (OR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.19 to 5.50; P = 0.21 ). We concluded that the combined therapy has some benefits in treating DM complicated by CHD. However, these results should be confirmed by further referenced evidence, high risk assessment, and lower publication bias.

Cow Brain Consumption Causes Hypercholesterolemia: An in Vivo Study

Background: Organ meats are rich in cholesterol and saturated fats. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of cow brain consumption on blood cholesterol level and possible histomorphological changes of liver, heart and kidney in Swiss albino mice. Methods: Total twenty (20) Swiss albino mice (aged 3 weeks; average weight 20-25gm) were taken and randomly divided into group A and group B. Each group consisted of ten (10) mice. The group A was fed with normal mice pellet and water. On the other hand, cow brain (2gm/kg body weight orally once daily for 28 days) was supplied to group B. After the experimental tenure, the mice of both groups were sacrificed ethically and the samples (Blood, liver, heart and kidney) were collected for investigation.Result: Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride level (TG) and low density lipoprotein level (LDL) significantly (**p less than 0.01) increased as well as high density lipoprotein level (HDL) significantly (**p less than 0.01) decreased in group B. In the gross observation, pale with hemorrhagic liver, fat accumulation at the base of the heart and peri renal fat deposition were found in group B of mice. Congestion and dilation in both central and portal vein, marked lymphocytic infiltration and fatty infiltration in liver, wide separation of cardiac muscle fiber in ventricular myocardium, glomerular and tubular fatty infiltration of kidney were also found in histomorphological study. Therefore, the present findings presage that cow brain consumption might have baleful effects on health.

Is Too Much of a Good Thing a Good Thing? Extremely high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with Coronary artery disease, Case report.

A 52-year-old female was admitted to rule out an acute coronary syndrome.Her Troponin, ECG, MPS were negative. Further testing she was found to have extremely high high-density lipoprotein level of 218 mg/dl.Due to the persistent nature of the chest pain, LHC was done with 50% stenosis of RCA.