SUSTENTABILIDADE NA PISCICULTURA EM TANQUES REDE: FATORES ECONÔMICOS, SOCIAIS E AMBIENTAIS NA MICRORREGIÃO DE JALES/SP

O estudo foca a área da Tilapicultura, criação de peixes em tanques-rede em Santa Fé do Sul, que ganhou expressividade no Estado, como a maior produtora em toneladas. A localidade é formada pelos Rios Grande e Paranaíba, que resultam no represamento da Usina Hidrelétrica de Ilha Solteira-SP. A cidade transformou-se em polo dinâmico de produção, destacando-se sua produção estimada (formal e informal) para a safra 2018/2019 de 40.320.000 quilogramas. Todavia, a microrregião de Jales, no âmbito da jurisdição forense de Santa Fé do Sul, também sente as consequências negativas decorrentes da atividade, mormente os impactos ambientais no sistema hídrico, seguidos dos impactos sociais. Nesse cenário, poderiam se alavancar e maximizar os aspectos econômicos produzidos, além de contribuir para evitar esses prejuízos causados ao meio ambiente e social, dentre os quais mencionam-se: o conhecimento, a formação, a orientação de profissionais capacitados, e com este estudo, dentre outros, destacar os principais impactos econômicos, ambientais e sociais causados pela tilapicultura na microrregião de Jales, sobretudo em Santa Fé do Sul, e elencar boas práticas na tilapicultura. A pesquisa bibliográfica realizada nos acervos públicos e privados e na rede virtual disponível será a base do estudo, sintetizada por meio dos raciocínios dedutivo e indutivo que levarão às conclusões. Deste modo, entendeu-se que as proposições iniciais desta tese foram contempladas em sua maior parte. Acredita-se que este estudo contribuirá para o conhecimento da área, o planejamento, a orientação dos produtores de peixes de modo geral. Concluiu-se que o cultivo de tilápias em tanques-rede na microrregião de Jales se deu, até o presente momento, de forma aleatória, por meio de um processo “praticamente casual”, que não se construiu de modo orientado, planejado, técnico, científico; pelo contrário, os produtores em geral, até mesmo os que atualmente são considerados grandes, iniciaram suas produções de forma “leiga”, intuitivamente, instintivamente, sem um mínimo de conhecimento técnico, acadêmico, profissional, real, sólido e seguro sobre o assunto. SUSTAINABILITY IN FISH FARMING IN POND CULTURE: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE MICROREGION OF JALES/SP ABSTRACT The study covers the area of the pond culture of tilapia, fish farming in ponds in Santa Fé do Sul, which has gained expressiveness in the State, as the largest producer in tons. The location is formed by the Grande and Paranaíba Rivers, which result from the damming of the Ilha Solteira-SP hydroelectric plant. The city has become a dynamic production center, with an estimated production (formal and informal) for the 2018/2019 harvest of 40,320,000 kilograms. However, the micro-region of Jales, under the jurisdiction of Santa Fé do Sul, also feels the negative consequences resulting from the activity, especially the environmental impacts on the water system, followed by social impacts. In this scenario, the economic aspects produced might be maximized and leveraged, in addition to contributing to avoid these environmental and social damages, among which are included: knowledge, training, and orientation from capable professionals, and with this study, among others, to highlight the main economic, environmental, and social impacts caused by in the microregion of Jales, especially in Santa Fé do Sul, and to list good practices in the pond culture of tilapia. The bibliographical research conducted in public and private collections and in the available virtual network will be the basis of the study, synthesized by means of deductive and inductive reasoning that will lead to the conclusions. Therefore, it was understood that the initial propositions of this thesis were mostly contemplated. It is believed that this study will contribute to the knowledge of the area, planning, and the orientation of fish producers in general. It was concluded that the culture of tilapias in ponds in the micro-region of Jales has happened, up to this very moment, in a random way, through a "practically casual" process, that has not been built in an oriented, planned, technical, scientific way; on the contrary, the producers in general, even the ones that are currently considered as large, started their productions in a " non-technical" way, intuitively, instinctively, without a minimum of technical, academic, professional, real, solid, and safe knowledge on the subject. Keywords: Pond culture of tilapia; Best practices; Impacts.

A Mini Review on Microalgae Biomass Production: Recent Progress in Cultivation Systems

Single-celled photosynthetic microscopic algae (microalgae) have numerous significances for human wellbeing. From medicine to fuel industry these tiny organisms have tremendous potentials and in future they would be game changer to mitigate global warming and environmental pollutions. The current production cost is a matter of consideration during its applications. Scientists all over the world are trying to reduce the production costs as well as to develop new or improve the existing culturing methodologies and techniques. Open pond and closed pond (PBRs) culturing system are two most prominent ways to culture microalgae. Open pond culturing techniques for microalgae have several advantages over closed pond system such as low operational costs and easy to make. However, the main drawback of this system is contamination by other microorganisms, which is possible to control in closed pond system. Among the many types of PBRs systems, the advanced tubular PBRs presently considered as more useful than open pond culture system. To meet the minimum production costs, more research is needed on both the culturing systems.

Effect of oligochitosan supplementation on growth and innate immunity of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) at pond culture

Oligochitosan (COS) was prepared by gamma Co-60 irradiation of chitosan/H2O2 solutions and mixed with cornstarch to form the powder with content of 100 000 mg COS/kg. The striped catfish (P. hypophthalmus) was fed with diets containing 100 mg COS/kg feed for 9 months at pond culture. The effects of COS supplementation on growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate in striped catfish were investigated. The results indicated that the growth performance and survival rate of striped catfish fed with 100 mg COS/kg were significantly improved and the FCRdecreased. The average weight gain, survival rate and FCR of striped catfish fed with diets containing COS were 971 ± 85 gram, 83.19 ± 0.35 % and 1.477 ± 0.013 in comparison with 896 ± 78 gram, 78.43 ± 0.64 % and 1.578 ± 0.038 of control group, respectively. Thus, COS can be potentially utilized as immunostimulants and growth promoter for aquaculture.

Connection between the Gut Microbiota of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) and Microbiota of the Pond Culture Environment

The vital role of the gut microbiota in fish growth, development, immunity, and health has been largely confirmed. However, the interaction between environmental microbiota and the gut microbiota of aquaculture species remains unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the gut microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) collected from subtropical ponds in southern China, as well as the pond water and aquatic sediment microbiota, using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results demonstrated significant differences in the compositions of pond water, sediment, and the gut microbiota of largemouth bass. Moreover, these compositions changed throughout the culture period. Only approximately 1% of the bacterial species in the pond sediment and gut microbiota were exchanged. However, the bacterial proportion of the gut microbiota from pond water microbiota was approximately 7% in samples collected in June and August, which increased markedly to 73% in October. Similarly, the proportion of bacteria in the pond water microbiota from the gut microbiota was approximately 12% in June and August, which increased to 45% in October. The study findings provide basic information for understanding the interactions between environmental microbiota and the gut microbiota of cultured fish, which may contribute to improved pond culture practices for largemouth bass.