Clean coalgebras and clean comodules of finitely generated projective modules

Let R be a commutative ring with multiplicative identity and P is a finitely generated projective R-module. If P∗ is the set of R-module homomorphism from P to R, then the tensor product P∗⊗RP can be considered as an R-coalgebra. Furthermore, P and P∗ is a comodule over coalgebra P∗⊗RP. Using the Morita context, this paper give sufficient conditions of clean coalgebra P∗⊗RP and clean P∗⊗RP-comodule P and P∗. These sufficient conditions are determined by the conditions of module P and ring R.

On Φ-Dedekind, Φ-Prüfer and Φ-Bezout modules

In this paper, we introduce some classes of R-modules that are closely related to the classes of Prüfer, Dedekind and Bezout modules. Let R be a commutative ring with identity and set\mathbb{H}=\bigl{\{}M\mid M\text{ is an }R\text{-module and }\mathrm{Nil}(M)% \text{ is a divided prime submodule of }M\bigr{\}}.For an R-module {M\in\mathbb{H}}, set {T=(R\setminus Z(R))\cap(R\setminus Z(M))}, {\mathfrak{T}(M)=T^{-1}M} and {P=(\mathrm{Nil}(M):_{R}M)}. In this case, the mapping {\Phi:\mathfrak{T}(M)\to M_{P}} given by {\Phi(x/s)=x/s} is an R-module homomorphism. The restriction of Φ to M is also an R-module homomorphism from M into {M_{P}} given by {\Phi(x)=x/1} for every {x\in M}. A nonnil submodule N of M is said to be Φ-invertible if {\Phi(N)} is an invertible submodule of {\Phi(M)}. Moreover, M is called a Φ-Prüfer module if every finitely generated nonnil submodule of M is Φ-invertible. If every nonnil submodule of M is Φ-invertible, then we say that M is a Φ-Dedekind module. Furthermore, M is said to be a Φ-Bezout module if {\Phi(N)} is a principal ideal of {\Phi(M)} for every finitely generated submodule N of the R-module M. The paper is devoted to the study of the properties of Φ-Prüfer, Φ-Dedekind and Φ-Bezout R-modules.

On Refined Neutrosophic R-module

Modules are one of the fundamental and rich algebraic structure concerning some binary operations in the study of algebra. In this paper, some basic structures of refined neutrosophic R-modules and refined neutrosophic submodules in algebra are generalized. Some properties of refined neutrosophic R-modules and refined neutrosophic submodules are presented. More precisely, classical modules and refined neutrosophic rings are utilized. Consequently, refinedneutrosophic R- modules that are completely different from the classical modular in the structural properties are introduced. Also, neutrosophic R-module homomorphism is explained and some definitions and theorems are presented.

Soft Neutrosophic Modules

In this study, for the first time, we study some basic definitions of soft neutrosophic modules in algebra being generalized and its several related properties, structural characteristics are investigated with suitable examples. In this paper, we utilized neutrosophic soft sets and neutrosophic modules. As a result, we defined soft neutrosophic modules. After weak soft neutrosophic modules and strong soft neutrosophic modules are described and illustrated by examples. Finally soft neutrosophic module homomorphism is defined and soft neutrosophic module isomorphism is explained.

Module amenability, module character biprojectivity and module character biflatness of lau product of two Banach algebras

Let A be a Banach algebra and T be an U-module homomorphism from U-bimodule B into U-bimodule A. We investigate module amenability (resp. module approximate amenability), module character amenability (resp. module character approximate amenability), module character biprojectivity and module character biflatness of A x Tu B for every two Banach U-bimodule A and B.

A New Type Fuzzy Module over Fuzzy Rings

A new kind of fuzzy module over a fuzzy ring is introduced by generalizing Yuan and Lee’s definition of the fuzzy group and Aktaş and Çağman’s definition of fuzzy ring. The concepts of fuzzy submodule, and fuzzy module homomorphism are studied and some of their basic properties are presented analogous of ordinary module theory.

On the ${\cal S}_{n}$-Modules Generated by Partitions of a Given Shape

Given a Young diagram $\lambda$ and the set $H^{\lambda}$ of partitions of $\{1,2,\dots$, $|\lambda|\}$ of shape $\lambda$, we analyze a particular ${\cal S}_{|\lambda|}$-module homomorphism ${\Bbb Q}H^{\lambda}\to{\Bbb Q}H^{\lambda'}$ to show that ${\Bbb Q}H^{\lambda}$ is a submodule of ${\Bbb Q}H^{\lambda'}$ whenever $\lambda$ is a hook $(n,1,1,\dots,1)$ with $m$ rows, $n\geq m$, or any diagram with two rows.

On the symmetric algebra of quotients of a C*-algebra

Let R be a semiprime ring (possibly without 1). The symmetric ring of quotients of R is defined as the set of equivalence classes of essentially defined double centralizers (ƒ, g) on R; see [1], [8]. So, by definition, ƒ is a left R-module homomorphism from an essential ideal I of R into R, g is a right R-module homomorphism from an essential ideal J of R into R, and they satisfy the balanced condition ƒ(x)y = xg(y) for x ∈ Iand y ∈ J. This ring was used by Kharchenko in his investigations on the Galois theory of semiprime rings [4] and it is also a useful tool for the study of crossed products of prime rings [7]. We denote the symmetric ring of quotients of a semiprime ring R by Q(R).

The Hessian map in the invariant theory of reflection groups

Let V be a complex vector space of dimension l. Let S be the C-algebra of polynomial functions on V. Let Ders be the S-module of derivations of S and let Ωs = Homs (Ders, S) be the dual S-module of differential 1-forms. Let {ei} be a basis for V and let {xi} be the dual basis for V. Then {Di = ∂/∂xi and {dxi} are bases for Ders and Ωs as S-modules. If f ∈ S, define a map Hess (f): Ders → Ωs byThen Hess (f) is an S-module homomorphism which does not depend on the choice of basis for V.

On central traces and groups of symmetries of order unit Banach spaces

A central trace on an order-unit Banach space A(K) is a centre-valued module homomorphism invariant under the group of symmetries of A(K).The concept of central traces has been crucial in the theory of types for convex sets established in (4), (5). In von Neumann algebras, they are precisely the canonical centre-valued traces and their existence hinges on a fundamental theorem (Dixmier's approximation process) in von Neumann algebras. On the other hand, the existence of central traces in finite dimensional spaces is an easy consequence of Ryll-Nardzewski's fixed point theorem (5).