scholarly journals Sorbents of Phenols As a Components of the Nutritional Medium in Microclonal Reproduction of Plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Anna Pugacheva ◽  
◽  
Kristina Bikmetova ◽  
Yuliya Smirnova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Nutritional Medium

In the process of microclonal reproduction, plants secrete various substances into the nutrient medium, for example, phenolic compounds, which act as inhibitors of growth processes and, accordingly, prevent the normal development of explants in vitro. Plant tissues are treated with stabilizing substances, and various sorbents are also used as components of the nutrient medium to neutralize the negative effects of phenols. This paper presents an overview of the approved methods for solving the problem of sorption of phenolic compounds during microclonal propagation of plants. Various studies are considering the addition of certain components to the nutrient medium that prevent the release of harmful growth-inhibiting substances. Most often, various carbon compounds, such as activated carbon, are used as an adsorbent. The authors, based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature on this topic, conclude that the most effective and frequently used are carbon compounds and the polymer polyvinyl pyrrolidone, less common is the use of the following inhibitory substances: ascorbic and citric acids, silver nitrate and mercury chloride. According to the results of the conducted analytical studies, the prospects of using such substances as thermally expanded graphite (TEG) and colloidal silicon dioxide as sorbents in the composition of the drug “Polysorb” were revealed. Due to the inhomogeneous porous structure, including both micropores and meso- or macropores, TEG is able to adsorb pollutants both from the solution and from the water surface, which makes it a potential sorbent for phenolic compounds. The effect of silicon dioxide, in amorphous form, on plants in vitro has already been successfully tested by some researchers, which indicates the prospects of its study.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of in vitro parthenogenesis of unpollinated maize ovaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Tatyana Alekseevna Alatortseva
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Maize Line ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Parthenogenetic Embryo ◽  
Direct Embryogenesis ◽  
Agricultural Plants

The maize line AT-1 is characterized by a hereditary predisposition to parthenogenesis. The aim of this investigation is to study parthenogenetic embryo development in the culture of unpollinated ovaries in vitro . The unpollinated ovaries were explanted in 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 days after the appearance of stigmas from ears. The nutrient medium included mineral components of MS, vitamins, sucrose (9,0%), 2,4-D (2,0 mg/l), agar-agar. The structure of megagametophytes at the time of inoculation of the ovaries and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th day of cultivation was studied. The first divisions of unfertilized egg cells were observed on the 5th-7th day after appearance of stigmas from ears, independently from whether all this time the ovaries were on the mother plant or they were inoculated into the nutrient medium. The formation of the autonomous abnormal endosperm in some cultivated ovaries was detected. The abnormal endosperm disturbed normal development of the proembryo. As a rule, the ovaries with embryo and endosperm degenerated. In the absence of endosperm, the morphogenesis of parthenogenetic proembryos was carried out in one of two directions in vitro : 1) development of plants by direct embryogenesis; 2) regeneration of plants from numerous embryoids, raised on the surface of globular proembryos. The second direction was prevailed. The culture of unpollinated ovaries can be a promising method of mass haploid regenerants not only in maize, but also in other types of agricultural plants.

Phenolic Compounds in Prevention and Treatment of Skin Cancers: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gado ◽  
Maria Digiacomo ◽  
Jasmine Esposito Salsano ◽  
Marco Macchia ◽  
Clementina Manera
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antitumor Action ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer

: Several clinical studies have shown that exposure of skin to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes adverse effects, such as inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage. As a result, different skin disorders can arise among which skin cancer, including non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma (MM). Phenolic compounds are plant-derived secondary metabolites with a well-known antioxidant activity, able to counteract the negative effects of UV radiation. In this review we discuss the effects of some selected phenols on NMSC and MM, demonstrating that they can be useful in the prevention and in the treatment of these types of tumors. Moreover, we report the mechanisms by which these phenols carry out their antitumor action. In vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted that many phenols are capable of inducing photoprotection, apoptosis and autophagy. They can also reduce DNA methylation, tumorigenesis, tumor incidence and proliferation. Moreover, we describe some examples of plant extracts, whose anticancer activity appears to be better than that of single phenols. A great concordance of results emerged, despite the differences in experimental methods. Therefore, the knowledge compiled here could provide the basis for conducing some well-organized clinical trials to validate the chemopreventive and the therapeutic potential of some phenolic compounds in patients with NMSC and MM.

scholarly journals Content of phenolic compounds in Acorus calamus L. tissue culture and nutrient culture medium under in vitro conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Z. Revutska ◽  
V. N. Belava ◽  
A. V. Golubenko ◽  
N. Yu. Taran
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Population Level ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Difference

Aim. To find out the biochemical peculiarities of Acorus calamus L of the two genotypes, acquired from different populations, an analysis of phenolic compounds in explant tissues and in nutrient medium in vitro was conducted. Methods. Plants, acquired by microclonal multiplication were studied. To detect general phenol content, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was used, for flavonoid content - zirconium chloride crystallohydrate nitrate (IV). Xanthone content was identified by Vysochina G.I. and Kukushkina T.A. methods with our own modifications. The extracts were studied using spectrophotometric measurements. Results. Tissues of A. calamus and the nutrient medium contained different amount of phenolic compounds, depending on parent plant origin and in vitro cultivation duration. Conclusions. Since the explants were cultivated in identical conditions, the difference of phenolic compound content both in tissues and nutrient medium indicates genetic variability of A. calamus plants on population level. Key words. Acorus calamus, culture in vitro, phenols, flavonoids, xanthones.

Influence of polyphenols on the formation of resistance of callus cultures of sunflower plants to the exometabolites of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
E. A. Kalashnikova ◽  
◽  
S. M. Zaytseva ◽  
T. T. Nguen ◽  
R. M. Kirakosyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Stress Factor ◽  
Biosynthetic Activity ◽  
Mushroom Culture

When studying the formation of secondary metabolites represented by phenolic compounds in callus cultures of sunflower plants, it was found that in vitro under the influence of a stress factor, the accumulation of polyphenols increases. It was found that the biosynthetic activity of callus cultures in relation to polyphenols increases in proportion to the concentration of the mushroom culture filtrate Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the nutrient medium.

Darkening of Plant Tissues during in vitro Cultivation and Methods for its Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
B.R. Kuluev
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Oxidative Transformations ◽  
Tissue Browning

One of the most common problems in the plant in vitro propagation is the tissue browning and subsequent necrosis, resulting from the oxidation of phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites produced in response to injury and released into the nutrient medium. This process is one of the main reasons for the decrease in the efficiency of callus formation, somatic embryogenesis, regeneration and genetic transformation of plants in vitro. Moreover, oxidative browning often leads to culture death. Therefore, the current problems in genetic and cellular engineering of a wide range of plant species can be solved only by preventing or reducing the negative effects of browning of in vitro cultures caused by the oxidative transformations of phenolic compounds into quinones toxic to cells. This review is devoted to the description of the main existing methods to prevent these adverse transformations. Various chemicals with antioxidant and adsorbing properties are used in plant biotechnology for this purpose, but there are no general approaches to solve the problem. Although the choice of the method to minimize the negative effect of phenolic compound oxidation depends, firs of all, on the species and variety of the plant, some agents, such as ascorbic acid, activated carbon, silver nitrate, can be considered as universal and quite effective in preventing oxidative darkening of explants in vitro. phenolic compounds, oxidative browning, polyphenol oxidase, tissue browning, in vitro, microclonal plant propagation The work was funded on the theme АААА-А17-117102740098-8.

Phenolic compounds from in vitro cultures of Rindera graeca Boiss. & Feldr.

Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sykłowska-Baranek ◽  
A Pietrosiuk ◽  
K Graikou ◽  
H Damianakos ◽  
M Jeziorek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
In Vitro Cultures

Inhibition by Phenol and Phenolic Acids of Platelet Release Reaction

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felisa C. Molinas
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Release Reaction ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Adp Release ◽  
Platelet Release

SummaryIt has been postulated that the high phenol and phenolic acids plasmatic levels found in patients with chronic renal failure are contributory factors in the abnormal platelet function described in these patients. This hypothesis was corroborated by “in vitro” studies showing the deleterious effect of these compounds on certain platelet function after pre-incubation of PRP with phenol and phenolic compounds. The present studies were conducted to determine the influence of phenolic compounds on platelet release reaction. It was found that phenol inhibited from 62.5 to 100% the effect of the aggregating agents thrombin, adrenaline and ADP on platelet 5-HT-14C release. The phenolic acids p-, m-, and o-HPAA inhibited from 36.35 to 94.8% adrenaline and ADP-induced platelet 5-HT-14C release. Adrenaline-induced platelet ADP release was inhibited from 27.45 to 38.10% by the phenolic compounds. These findings confirm the hypothesis that phenolic compounds interfere with platelet function through the inhibition of the release reaction.

Bioactivity of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Strawberry against Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baydaa Hussein ◽  
Zainab A. Aldhaher ◽  
Shahrazad Najem Abdu-Allah ◽  
Adel Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chain ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phenolic Contents

Background: Biofilm is a bacterial way of life prevalent in the world of microbes; in addition to that it is a source of alarm in the field of health concern. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for all opportunistic infections such as chronic and severe. Aim of this study: This paper aims to provide an overview of the promotion of isolates to produce a biofilm in vitro under special circumstances, to expose certain antibiotics to produce phenotypic evaluation of biofilm bacteria. Methods and Materials: Three diverse ways were used to inhibited biofilm formation of P.aeruginosa by effect of phenolic compounds extracts from strawberries. Isolates produced biofilm on agar MacConkey under certain circumstances. Results: The results showed that all isolates were resistant to antibiotics except sensitive to azithromycin (AZM, 15μg), and in this study was conducted on three ways to detect the biofilm produced, has been detected by the biofilm like Tissue culture plate (TCP), Tube method (TM), Congo Red Agar (CRA). These methods gave a clear result of these isolates under study. Active compounds were analyzed in both extracts by Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry which indicate High molecular weight compound with a long hydrocarbon chain. Conclusion: Phenolic compounds could behave as bioactive material and can be useful to be used in pharmaceutical synthesis. Phenolic contents which found in leaves and fruits extracts of strawberries shows antibacterial activity against all strains tested by the ability to reduce the production of biofilm formation rate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document