Kepastian Hukum Hak Atas Tanah: Pelajaran dari Kekalahan Perkara Pertanahan di Pengadilan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Septina Marryanti ◽  
Arsan Nurrokhman

ABSTRAKUpaya mengurangi adanya kekalahan perkara pertanahan dalam pengadilan dilakukan dalam rangka peningkatan kepastian hukum hak atas tanah. Tujuan dalam tulisan ini adalah menjawab rumusan masalah dengan pendekatan kualitatif mengenai 1) apa penyebab terjadinya kekalahan perkara pertanahan dalam persidangan, dan 2) bagaimana upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya kekalahan perkara pertanahan. Penyebab perkara pertanahan yang mengalami kekalahan di pengadilan dapat dibedakan menjadi 8 (delapan) pokok penyebab perkara, yakni 1) tumpang tindih kepemilikan sertipikat, 2) adanya putusan pengadilan perdata, 3) terdapat cacat prosedur, 4) ketidaksesuaian data yuridis, 5) putusan fiktif negatif dan positif, 6) sengketa waris, 7) keterkaitan dengan tata ruang, dan 8) adanya putusan pengadilan pidana. Upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya kekalahan perkara pertanahan dalam rangka peningkatan kepastian dan hukum hak atas tanah adalah 1) peningkatan peraturan tentang rechtsverwerking pendaftaran tanah menjadi undang-undang, 2) optimalisasi partisipasi masyarakat untuk validasi data pertanahan melalui berbagai sarana atau platform, 3) penambahan ketentuan tentang iktikad baik dalam menguasai tanah dengan sanksi yang lebih terukur untuk tanah hak yang ditelantarkan, 4) peningkatan quality control hasil pengukuran dan pemetaan yang dilakukan oleh pihak swasta, 5) pembaharuan SOP (standar operasional prosedur) pendaftaran tanah, 6) penguatan portofolio panitia pemeriksa tanah sebagai bagian dari proses pendaftaran tanah, 7) penerapan prinsip fiktif positif untuk mengatasi “status quo” perkara pendaftaran tanah, 8) peningkatan sinergi pengelolaan ruang di atas penguasaan tanah, dan 9) penerbitan alas hak atas tanah dengan adanya sidik jari atau dengan identitas unik lainnya. Kata kunci : perkara pertanahan, sertipikat hak atas tanah, kepastian hukum ABSTRACTThe efforts to reduce land cases defeat in court are carried out in the context of increasing legal certainty of land rights. The purpose of this paper is to answer the problem formulation with a qualitative approach regarding 1) what are the causes of the defeat of land dispute in the court, and 2) what efforts can be made to prevent the defeat of land disputes. The causes of land cases defeat in the court can be divided into 8 (eight) main causes, namely 1) overlapping certificate ownership, 2) civil decisions, 3) procedural defects, 4) juridical data incompatibility, 5) negative and positive fictitious decisions, 6) inheritance disputes, 7) spatial planning context, and 8) criminal decisions. The efforts to prevent the defeats of land cases in the context of increasing certainty and legal land rights are 1) increasing regulations regarding rechtsverwerking of land registration into law; 2) optimizing community participation for land data validation through various means or platforms; 3) adding conditions about good intention ofcontrolling land along with more measurable sanctions for abandoned land; 4) improving the quality control of the measurement and mapping results carried out by the private sector; 5) renewing of SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) for land registration; 6) strengthening the portfolio of the Land Examiner Committee as a part of the land registration process; 7) applying the positive fictitious principles to overcome the “status quo” of land registration cases; 8) increasing the synergy of spatial management over land tenure; and 9) issuing the land rights with fingerprints or other unique identities.Keywords : land dispute, certificates of land rights, legal certainty

Tunas Agraria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Anisa Sekarsari ◽  
Haryo Budhiawan ◽  
Akur Nurasa

Abstract: In order to give the assurance of legal certainty, certainty of rights and legal protection to holders and owners of land rights, the land registration shall be carried out. However, there is still a land dispute which now become a homework for The Government. This is because the certificate which should be a strong evidentiary can not guaranteed the legal certainty for the owner, so the person who right the land can blocking the certificate of land rights at Land Office. The issuance of Regulation Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial / Head of National Land Office Number 13 Year of 2017 concerning the Procedures of Block and Sita which expected to create uniformity, standardization in recording process and abolition of registration blocked, it turns out not all the rules can be implemented at The Land Office of Sleman and Bantul Regency.The result of this research shows that blocking certificate process at Sleman Land Office and Bantul Land Office have a policy that the applicant is required to pay the blocking recording fee after the blocking received. Makes a potential loss to the (PNBP) which should be owned by Land Office for faced the problem of KKPweb application which have not been able to accomodate the time period of blocking. Keywords : blocking certificate, blocking, registration blocked Intisari: Dalam rangka memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum dan kepastian hak serta perlindungan hukum kepada pemegang dan pemilik hak atas tanah, maka dilaksanakan pendaftaran tanah. Namun demikian, masih saja terjadi sengketa pertanahan yang saat ini menjadi pekerjaan rumah bagi Pemerintah. Hal ini disebabkan karena, sertipikat sebagai alat pembuktian yang kuat ternyata belum menjamin kepastian hukum pemiliknya sehingga pihak yang merasa berhak atas tanah tersebut dapat melakukan blokir sertipikat hak atas tanah di Kantor Pertanahan. Dikeluarkannya Permen ATR/Kepala Nomor 13 Tahun 2017 tentang Tata Cara Blokir dan Sita yang diharapkan bertujuan untuk mewujudkan keseragaman, standarisasi dalam pelaksanaan pencatatan dan penghapusan catatan blokir ternyata tidak semua peraturan tersebut dapat dilaksanakan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Sleman dan Bantul. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan pencatatan blokir di kantor pertanahan Kabupaten Sleman dan Kabupaten Bantul terdapat kebijakan yaitu pemohon diwajibkan membayar biaya pencatatan blokir setelah blokirnya diterima membuat potensial loss terhadap (PNBP) yang seharusnya didapat kantor pertanahan untuk kendala yang dihadapi yaitu Aplikasi KKPweb yang belum dapat mengakomodir jangka waktu blokir. Kata Kunci: blokir sertipikat, pemblokiran, pencatatan blokir


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Irman Widi Kurniawan ◽  
Etty Mulyati ◽  
Betty Rubiati

ABSTRAKDi dalam bagian kedua UUPA mengatur tentang pelaksanaan konversi hak atas tanah menjadi wujud kepastian hukum sebagaimana ketentuan Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD 1945. Namun kepastian hukum terhadap konversi Hak atas tanah barat terutama sertifikat Hak Eigendom Verponding masih menjadi problematika tersendiri bagi masyarakat yang memiliki bukti kepemilikan hak atas tanah barat tersebut apabila dijadikan sebuah jaminan guna memperoleh fasilitas kredit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah yuridis normatif dengan kajian bahan hukum primer, sekunder serta tersier. Berdasarkan pembahasan tersebut bahwa Kepastian Hukum terkait konversi hak Eigendom Verponding telah memiliki kekuatan hukum mengikat dengan ketentuan diperlukan konversi sehingga dapat dijadikan objek jaminan namun dalam prakteknya masih terdapat objek jaminan dengan tidak memperhatikan asal mula objek jaminan tersebut serta akibat hukum terhadap konversi hak atas tanah tersebut adalah pemberlakuan UUPA menjadi dasar bahwasanya prinsip status quo hak atas tanah terdahulu memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum dengan ketentuan hak-hak lama menjadi tidak diakui keberadaannya. Kata Kunci: hak atas tanah; hak barat; kepastian hukum jaminan; konversi ABSTRACTIn the second section of the UUPA regulates the conversion of land rights into a form of legal certainty as stipulated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. But the legal certainty of the conversion of the Right to western land, especially the Eigendom Verponding Rights certificate, remains a problem for people who have proof of ownership of the western land if it is used as a guarantee to obtain credit facilities. The research method used is normative juridical with the study of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Based on the discussion that legal certainty related to the conversion of rights Eigendom Verponding has had a binding legal force with the necessary provisions of conversion so that it can be used as an object of guarantee but in practice there is still an object of guarantee by not taking into account the origin of the object of the guarantee and the legal consequences of the conversion of the right to land is the enactment of the UUPA being the basis that the principle of the status quo of the former land rights provides a guarantee of legal certainty with the provisions of old rights to be unclaimed civility. Keywords: conversion; guarantee legal certainty; land rights; western rights


Author(s):  
M. Syuib ◽  
Sarah Diana Aulia

In order to guarantee legal certainty for land rights holders, the Government is conducting land registration program throughout Indonesia territory. The program has put an obligation to the land rights holder to register their land. The purpose of land registration is, to provide evidence for the ownership of land. The implementation mechanism of the program in regulated in the Permen ATR/BPN Number 6 of 2018 concerning Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL). The presence of the Permen is, in order to prevent land disputes in the community by accelerating land registration. Sub-district of Ingin Jaya, which is located in the Aceh Besar district, is one of the areas where PTSL activities are carried out. Currently, there is a large area of land in the Aceh Besar district has not been certified yet, it may cause legal uncertainty for land owner and such condition can potentially lead to land dispute. One of the indicators to claim this, are by taking land dispute cases as put on trial in the Jantho Court which has reached 32 cases from 2014 until 2019. This study aims to find out how the implementation of PTSL and its barrier in the Sub-District of Ingin Jaya, Aceh Besar. The research method is an empirical juridical research; it works by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation. The result found that the implementation of PTSL in the Sub-District of Ingin Jaya, Aceh Besar, is in accordance with Permen ATR/BPN No. 6 of 2018. However, in the ground, it is found that there are a number of obstacles which affect the successful of the PTSL program both internally and externally. Therefore, synergy and cooperation with all parties are needed so that the PTSL program in the Sub-District of Ingin Jaya can be implemented successfully in order to provide legal certainty for land rights holders, so that the land dispute can be prevented as early as possible.


Author(s):  
Hafiz Al Hakim ◽  
Point Aminah ◽  
Idham I ◽  
Feby Milanie ◽  
Andri Saifannur Saifannur

Land registration aims to guarantee legal certainty and certainty of land rights. By holding land registration, the parties concerned can easily find out the status of the legal status of the particular land they are dealing with, their location, area and boundaries. And also as a condition for the implementation of orderly land administration. The purpose of this study is to find out the legal arrangements regarding the process of registering land rights and ownership status in order to confirm legal certainty and how to implement, constraint factors and solutions to problems that occur in the community. This research uses normative legal research methods. The normative method is writing that uses primary materials or data. In normative legal research, library materials in the form of basic data which in the study are classified as secondary data. Secondary data can include primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that the legal arrangements regarding the responsibilities of the Batam City National Land Agency in the process of registering land rights have been carried out well by the Batam City National Land Agency in order to realize legal certainty for the people of Batam City. However, in carrying out their duties there are still obstacles in the process of registering land rights in Batam City because of the imbalance of authority with the Batam Concession Agency as the holder of land management rights in Batam City. So, the solution is expected to have special regulations regarding this so that the process of registering land rights in Batam City can run in accordance with the laws and regulations.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Cheri Bayuni Budjang

Buying and selling is a way to transfer land rights according to the provisions in Article 37 paragraph (1) of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration which must include the deed of the Land Deed Making Official to register the right of land rights (behind the name) to the Land Office to create legal certainty and minimize the risks that occur in the future. However, in everyday life there is still a lot of buying and selling land that is not based on the laws and regulations that apply, namely only by using receipts and trust in each other. This is certainly very detrimental to both parties in the transfer of rights (behind the name), especially if the other party is not known to exist like the Case in Decision Number 42 / Pdt.G / 2010 / PN.Mtp


Author(s):  
Saim Aksnudin

In the national development the role of land for the fulfillment of various purposes will increase, either as a place to live or for business activities. In relation to that will also increase the need for support in the form of guarantee of legal certainty in the field of land. The result of the research is the conception of the state of Indonesia is a state law, which contains the meaning in the administration of government and the state based on the law, the protection of the law is a universal concept of the rule of law. The legal certainty on land rights as intended by the UUPA encompasses three things, namely the certainty of the object of land rights, certainty on the subject of land rights and certainty about the status of landrights. Legal conception of land title certificate is a proof that issued by authorized legal institution, containing juridical data and physical data which isused as evidence of ownership of land rights in order to provide assurance of legal certainty and certainty of rights to a plot of land owned or possessed by a person or legal entity. With the certificate of rights, it is expected that the juridical can guarantee the legal certainty and the right by the state for the holder of the right to the land. This country's guarantee is granted to the owner or the holder of the certificate may be granted because the land is already registered in the state land administration system.


Tunas Agraria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-69
Author(s):  
Ardi Saputra Sinaga ◽  
Julius Sembiring ◽  
Sukayadi Sukayadi

Abstract: Environment and Forestry Ministry established the reserve incense forest of the Pan-dumaan-Sipituhuta Customary Law Community as a customary forest. But in reality, it has not been guaranteed legal certainty regarding the existence and recognition of the rights of the Pan-dumaan-Sipituhuta Customary Law Community. The objective of this research is to know the le-gal status of Indigenous Peoples forest in Pandumaan-Sipituhuta Customary Law at this time, strategy of the land registration of communal right settlement, and constraint and effort done in the land registration of communal right settlement of Pandumaan-Sipituhuta Customary Law Community. This research uses qualitative research method with empirical juridical research form. Based on the results of the study showed that the legal status of the Indigenous Forests of Pandumaan-Sipituhuta Customary Law Society is currently reserved as customary forest of Pan-dumaan-Sipituhuta Customary Law Community. Strategy for resolving communal rights land registration in the incense forest of the Pandumaan-Sipituhuta Customary Law Community through four stages. First, recognition of the existence of the Pandumaan-Sipituhuta Customary Law Community. Secondly, the establishment of customary forests of the Pandumaan-Sipituhuta Customary Law Community by Environment and Forestry Ministry. Third, the Settlement of Land Control in Forest Areas is carried out in accordance with Presidential Regulation Number 88 of 2017 by issuing customary forests of the Pandumaan-Sipituhuta Customary Law Community from forest areas. Fourth, registration of communal land rights of Pandumaan-Sipituhuta Custom-ary Law Community.Keywords: strategy, communal rights, customary forestsIntisari: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) menetapkan pencadangan hutan kemenyan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Pandumaan-Sipituhuta sebagai hutan adat. Tetapi kenyataannya, keadaan tersebut hingga saat ini dinilai belum menjamin kepastian hukum akan keberadaan dan pengakuan hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat Pandumaan-Sipituhuta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan bagaimana strategi penyelesaian pendaftaran tanah hak komunal hutan kemenyan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Pandumaan-Sipituhuta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa status hukum hutan kemenyan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Pandumaan-Sipituhuta saat ini dicadangkan sebagai hutan adat. Strategi penyelesaian pendaftaran tanah hak komunal hutan kemenyan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Pandumaan-Sipituhuta melalui empat tahapan. Pertama, pengakuan keberadaan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Pandumaan-Sipituhuta. Kedua, penetapan hutan adat Masyarakat Hukum Adat Pandumaan-Sipituhuta oleh KLHK. Ketiga, dilakukan Penyelesaian Penguasaan Tanah dalam Kawasan Hutan sesuai dengan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 88 Tahun 2017dengan cara mengeluarkan hutan adat Masyarakat Hukum Adat Pandumaan-Sipituhuta dari kawasan hutan. Keempat, pendaftaran tanah hak komunal Masyarakat Hukum Adat Pandumaan-Sipituhuta.Kata Kunci : strategi, hak komunal, hutan adat


2020 ◽  
pp. 32-55
Author(s):  
Christine Leuenberger ◽  
Izhak Schnell

During the 20th century, surveying and mapping became vital tools for states; and colonizers used them to know and claim the land. The Mandate of Palestine’s Survey of Palestine surveyed parts of historic Palestine. Their modernist ethos to register the land converged with Zionist visionaries to make it their own. With the Hagannah looting the Survey of Palestine, the Israeli state-in-the making had access to cartographic material which helped them win the 1948 war and facilitated their statecraft. Post-1948, the Survey of Israel designed a new unified triangulation system, enabling the production of maps. The Israeli state also introduced a novel land tenure system. The seemingly imprecise land allocation practices common during the Ottoman Empire were pitted against a technocratic, modernist conception of land ownership, that, by virtue of its implementation, dispossessed many Arab landholders. However, enforcement of technocratic regulations depends on humans. Indeed, the process of land registration reveals how surveyors who would go to villages to ascertain land rights were the human and, at times, a weak link in doing so. Nevertheless, at the end of this process, 93% of land had become Israeli state land. The transformation in the land regime in Israel/Palestine thus attests to how new legal precepts in tandem with science and technology helped establish a modern, territorially defined state. While the Western scientific and legal paradigm enhanced the transfer of land, it also seemingly legitimized and depoliticized the new land regime, making it seem part of the natural order of things and an inevitable outcome of modernity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Jatmika

Class III state houses are in the form of flats including those whose rights can be transferred either independently and / or in the form of Apartment Units with or without their land by means of leasing, there are sectoral regulations that regulate these matters such as rules regarding state houses, flats, state property, and land registration have the impact of disharmony and legal vacancies. The research method used is the juridical-normative research method. The final part of this research concludes that the validity of Class III State Houses in the Form of Flats must meet the requirements stipulated in statutory regulations, including the status of land rights, the distribution of apartment elements such as shared land, shared objects, and parts together as regulated in the Law on Flats, the existence of the Association of Owners and Occupants of Apartment Units (<em>PPPSRS</em>) which is formed by the agency concerned, as well as the issuance of the Occupancy Permit of Class III State Houses in the Form of Flats. Holders of occupancy permits have rights, namely SIP Holders of State Houses of Category III can apply for transfer of Class III State Houses to the relevant Minister, protection of efforts to apply for transfer of these rights is preventive based on positive law in Indonesia which regulates the transfer can be carried out. There was a vacuum and disharmony in the Legislation regarding the Transfer of Rights to Group III State Houses in the Form of Flats, seen from the existence of Regulations that govern the transfer as in Presidential Regulation Number 11 of 2008, on the other hand there are no regulations governing the transfer of Class III State Houses. In the form of a Flat with the implications regarding the status of the Flat Ownership Unit (<em>SHM Sarusun</em>) as well as the status of joint shares, common objects, and common land, whether it can be transferred and managed by the Association of Owners and Residents of Flats (<em>PPPSRS</em>) or still become State Property


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Nia Kurniati ◽  
Jordan Mordekhai

As an implementation of welfare society, the government issued Law Number 5 of 1960 Article 19 paragraph (2) c, which provide the legal certainty of land rights for all Indonesians carried out through land registration. The land registration system adopted by Indonesia is negative land cadastre with positive tendency. The implementation of land registration provide the basis of state duty to produce land registration evidence, namely certificate, which is valid as a strong proof of rights. This certificate guarantees the correctness of physical data besides juridical data as long as it is not proven otherwise. Method: This legal research used Normative juridical method, with qualitative juridical data analysis. Results of the study: Negative land cadastre with positive tendency adopted by Indonesia currently does not guarantee legal certainty of land ownership and the community justice itself. This is indicated by the fact that there is still a phenomenon of land disputes, among the result of the issuance of overlapping. By using a legal cadastre-based domain approach, through an approach of extracting historical values of land and integrating the process of dialogue within the issuing of certificate; obtaining legal certainty and the community justice can be achieved. Conclusion: Negative land cadastre with positive tendency is still unable to manifest legal certainty of land ownership and community justice so it is appropriate that an adage states “the highest legal certainty, is the highest injustice”. Strengthening land registration system through the domain approach is an alternative option to manifest legal certainty and community justice.


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