FORMULASI FACEMIST EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH BENGKUANG (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PEWARNA ALAMI SAFFRON (Crocus sativus L.)

Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb) adalah umbi yang memiliki kandungan zat yang bermanfaat meliputi antioksidan, vitamin C, air, antibakteri dan flavonoid. Flavonoid merupakan tabir surya alami untuk mencegah kerusakan kulit akibat radikal bebas. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) merupakan rempah - rempah yang termahal di dunia dengan rasa khas paitnya. Saffron digunakan sebagai pewarna alami yang berasal dari crocetin, glucosyl esters, dan the crocins. Saffron mengandung crocin yaitu salah satu bahan pewarna karotenoid yang membuat warna kuning keemasan. Facemist termasuk ke dalam kosmetik penyegar kulit (freshner). Fungsi utama penyegar adalah menyegarkan kulit wajah, mengangkat sisa minyak dari kulit yang dimungkinkan masih ada, serta desinfektan ringan dan sekaligus dapat membantu menutup pori-pori kembali. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak etanol buah bengkuang dengan menggunakan pewarna alami saffron dan dilakukan uji evaluasi meliputi uji organoleptik, uji pH, uji bobot jenis, uji daya sebar semprot, uji kondisi semprotan dan uji waktu kering sehingga dapat diketahui konsentrasi sediaan facemist yang baik. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu eksperimental dilaboratorium dengan membuat 5 formulasi yang terdiri dari F0 sebagai basis facemist, F1 dengan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol buah bengkuang sebesar 1 g, F2 3 g, F3 5 g, dan F4 7 g. Dari hasil uji evaluasi sediaan F4 merupakan formula yang paling baik.

Immunomodulatory effect of petroleum ether extract and ethyl acetate fraction of bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) in vitro

Bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) contains phytosterol and the isoflavone daidzein, which are thought to have immunomodulatory activity. There have been no studies reporting on the immunomodulatory effects of bengkoang extract containing polar and semi-polar compounds, such as phytosterols and isoflavone-like compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of bengkoang extracts, including petroleum ether extract (PEE), methanol extract (ME), and the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of bengkoang, in vitro. The immunomodulatory effects of PEE, ME, and EAF of bengkoang were determined according to the phagocytic activity of macrophages based on phagocytosis of latex beads, lymphocyte proliferation, and detection of cytokine production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels. Results: The phagocytic index and phagocytic capacity of ME, PEE, and EAF of bengkoang on macrophage cells were significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas lymphocyte proliferation was unchanged compared with the control (p > 0.05), and ME of bengkoang enhanced the levels of the cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. In contrast, PEE and EAF of bengkoang decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels compared with the control group. All of the bengkoang extracts decrease the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In conclusion, this study showed that PEE, ME, and EAF of bengkoang could increase the non-specific immune response (phagocytic activity) but had a lesser effect on the specific immune response (lymphocyte proliferation). The ME of bengkoang acts as an immunostimulant by increasing the levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and decreasing those of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.

The Bioactivity and Phytochemicals of Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.: A Multifunctional Underutilized Crop Plant

Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. is an underutilized crop plant belonging to the Fabaceae family. In recent years, the plant received huge attention and was introduced in different countries owing to properties such as a high nutritional content, its nitrogen-fixing abilities, and different biological activities such as its antioxidant, immune modulation, anticancer, anti-diabetes, anti-osteoporosis, antiviral, and antiaging affects, among others. In this review, an attempt has been made to comprehensively compile the biological activities of the plant to provide a panoramic view of the current efforts and further directions, which may lead to the development of pharmacological applications. This information will be helpful in creating interest towards P. erosus and it may be useful in developing the plant for medical applications and/or as a functional food. More than 50 phytochemicals have been reported from the plant, which belong to different chemical classes such as triterpenoids, organic acid, flavonoids, and fatty acids. Numerous biological activities were reported from the plant through in vivo, in vitro, ex vivo, and human studies. However, well-defined clinical studies are still lacking for the establishment of any biological properties that could be further developed. Suggestions for the further development of P. erosus, according to current knowledge about the different biological properties, has also been provided.

The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Yam Bulbs (Pachyrhizus Erosus L Urb) on the Growth of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria Agar Diffusion Method

Bengkuang Plant (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urb) is a plant that can be used as herbal medicine. The community-made uses yam into powder by drying the place that is not exposed to direct sun, then pounded into a powder. This powdered yam is used by mixing clean water and used as powder. Bulbs are proven to contain flavonoid compounds, isoflavonoid, saponin, and daidzein, which can function as antibatter. The purpose of this study was to explain the concentration of tuber extract of ethanol tuber (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urb) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with the agar diffusion method. The research design used in this research is quasi-experimental (Quasi-Experimental). The sample of this research is extract of bamboo tuber ethanol (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urb) with concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90%. Based on the result of the research, the measurement of the inhibitory zone of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was found to average 6,00 mm at a concentration of 10% -40%, 7.33 mm at concentration 50%, 7.67 mm at concentration 60%, 9.33 at concentration 70 %, 10.67 mm at concentrations of 80% and 13.33 mm at a concentration of 90%. The data were analyzed by Kendall's Tau test (p = 0,000 <0,05), so it can be concluded that there is an influence of extract of bamboo tuber ethanol (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urb) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria agar diffusion method.