Restoring SAR images using Effective Image Restoration Approach

Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus satellite images presents an important data source for many applications related to remote sensing. An effective image restoration method is proposed to fill the missing information in the satellite images. The segmentation of satellite images to find the SLIC Super pixels and then to find the image Segments. The Boundary Reconstruction is performed using Edge Matching to find the area of the missing region. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and Root Mean Square Error using with boundary reconstruction and without boundary reconstruction to evaluate the quality and the error rate of the satellite images. The results show the capability to predict the missing values accurately in terms of quality, time without need of external information.The values for PSNR has changed from 25 to 90 and RMSE has changed from 180 to 4 in Red Channel of an image.This indicates that quality of the image is high and error rate is less.

Comparison of Three Individual Identification Algorithms for Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus) after Automated Detection

Photo-identification of individual sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) is the primary technique for mark-recapture-based population analyses for the species The visual appearance of the fluke - with its distinct nicks and notches - often serves as the primary visual differentiator, allowing humans to make recorded sightings of specific individuals. However, the advent of digital photography and the significant increase in volume of images from multiple projects in combination with pre-existing historical catalogs has made applying the method more challenging.with the required human labor for de-duplication (reduction of Type II errors) and reconciliation of sightings between large datasets too cost- and time- prohibitive. To address this, we trained and evaluated the accuracy of PIE v2 (a triplet loss network) along with two existing fluke trailing edge-matching algorithms, CurvRank v2 and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), as a mean to speed comparison among a high volume of photographs. Analyzed data were collected from a curated catalog of well-known sperm whales sighted across years (2005-2018) off the island of Dominica. The newly-trained PIE model outperformed the older CurvRank and DTW algorithms, and PIE provided the following top-k individual ID matching accuracy on a standard min-3/max-10 sighting training data set: Rank-1: 87.0%, Rank-5: 90.5%, and Rank-12: 92.5%. An essential aspect of PIE is that it can learn new individuals without network retraining, which can be immediately applied in the presence of (and for the resolution of) duplicate individuals in overlapping catalogs. Overall, our results recommend the use of PIE v2 and CurvRank v2 for ID reconciliation in combination due to their complementary performance.

Load Transfer Path Search and Its Evaluation between Networks in Consideration of the Mobile Energy Storage of Electric Vehicles

Load transfer is an important way of restoring a power supply after equipment failure or maintenance. However, current methods ignore cooperation between networks and users, and they also fail to take into account the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) potential of electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, a load transfer scheme between transmission and distribution networks is proposed, considering the mobile energy storage capacities of electric vehicles. First, the mobility characteristic and the available discharge capacity of EVs are analyzed on the basis of the parking generation rate. Then, the breadth-first algorithm is used to search the load transfer paths within and between stations, and an edge matching method is proposed to realize the conversion between networks with different voltage levels. Lastly, the optimal combination weighting method was adopted to combine subjective and objective index weights and to evaluate power supply paths. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated in a case composed of an IEEE 30-node network and an IEEE 57-node network, with four typical scenarios.

Defect Contour Detection of Complex Structural Chips

In the manufacture of chips, it is important to detect defects to assess whether the chip is potentially damageable that could cause unnecessary cost. Most assessment rules are set in light of characteristics determined by defect contours, such as area and range. However, conventional image process methods seldom show a satisfactory performance on chips with complex structures because they are difficult to distinguish defect contours from edges of structures. To solve this issue, this study proposes a method based on region segmentation search. The positions of structures in the image are calculated by edge matching to obtain the number of structure layers in each pixel. Regions whose pixels have the same number are divided into subregions which are coded by the two-pass algorithm. The edges in each subregion are then extracted by the Canny operator to construct edge information of the whole image. Interpolation is used to correct incomplete defect edges according to their endpoints. The remaining interference contours are eliminated on the basis of their shapes. A study of a certain kind of chips is presented. Different illumination situations were simulated to verify the robustness of the proposed method. Most bubbles in the images were detected successfully with their contours coded accurately. Because of this, more than 92% of assessment results of chips were identical to the ones in reality engineering, which proves that the method proposed by this study can efficiently detect the defect contours and improve the ability obviously relative to the current approaches.

A Disparity Refinement Algorithm for Satellite Remote Sensing Images Based on Mean-Shift Plane Segmentation

Objects in satellite remote sensing image sequences often have large deformations, and the stereo matching of this kind of image is so difficult that the matching rate generally drops. A disparity refinement method is needed to correct and fill the disparity. A method for disparity refinement based on the results of plane segmentation is proposed in this paper. The plane segmentation algorithm includes two steps: Initial segmentation based on mean-shift and alpha-expansion-based energy minimization. According to the results of plane segmentation and fitting, the disparity is refined by filling missed matching regions and removing outliers. The experimental results showed that the proposed plane segmentation method could not only accurately fit the plane in the presence of noise but also approximate the surface by plane combination. After the proposed plane segmentation method was applied to the disparity refinement of remote sensing images, many missed matches were filled, and the elevation errors were reduced. This proved that the proposed algorithm was effective. For difficult evaluations resulting from significant variations in remote sensing images of different satellites, the edge matching rate and the edge matching map are proposed as new stereo matching evaluation and analysis tools. Experiment results showed that they were easy to use, intuitive, and effective.

Development of Bulk Metallic Glasses and their Composites by Additive Manufacturing - Evolution, Challenges and a Proposed Novel Solution

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and their composites (BMGMCs) have emerged as competitive materials for structural engineering applications exhibiting superior tensile strength, hardness along with very large elastic strain limit. However, they suffer from lack of ductility and subsequent low toughness due to the inherent brittleness of the glassy structure which makes them amenable to failure without appreciable yielding. Various mechanisms and methods have been proposed to counter this effect out of which, recently Additive Manufacturing has gained widespread attention. It is proposed that additive manufacturing can overcome these difficulties in single step due to inherent existence of very high cooling rate in the process which is essential for glass formation. This, when coupled with careful selection of alloy chemistry is proposed to be the best solution to fabricate near net shape parts in a single step with excellent properties. In this report, an effort has been made to describe one possible route to achieve this. Solidification processing employing carefully selected inoculants based on edge to edge matching technique along with the carefuly controlled inoculation procedure is proposed to reflect upon enhanced mechanical properties. It is hypothesized that number density, size and distribution of ductile crystalline phase would best be able to improve microstructure and hence properties. This is meant to be controlled by manipulating type, size and the amount of inoculants. The proposed methodology is claimed to bear maximum potential.

One-dimensional ledges and migration mechanism of incoherent interphase boundaries

Since the edge-to-edge matching relationship of close-packed planes on an incoherent interphase boundary was found, the one-dimensional ledge migration mechanism has been put forward. However, owing to the lack of direct experimental evidence, the existence of the one-dimensional ledge is still questioned and it is thus usually treated as just an assumption. In this study, focusing on the existence of one-dimensional ledges and the migration mechanism of incoherent interphase boundaries, an atomic scale investigation on the migration of incoherent interphase boundaries in a body- to face-centered cubic transformation has been carried out using the phase-field crystal model. Simulation results demonstrated the presence of one-dimensional ledges on incoherent interphase boundaries, but only on those boundaries with high atomic densities. The simulation results further showed that the interphase boundaries with one-dimensional ledges migrate as a result of the nucleation and extension of the one-dimensional ledge, similar to the mechanism for two-dimensional ledges; meanwhile the interphase boundaries without one-dimensional ledges migrate according to a continuous mechanism by random atomic jumping. Because it is difficult for one-dimensional ledges to nucleate under low driving forces, interphase boundary migration based on the one-dimensional ledge mechanism is slower than that based on the continuous mechanism. This study reveals the structures and mechanisms of complex transitions of incoherent interphase boundaries and can aid a deeper understanding of solid phase transformations.

Dodecahedral structures with Mosseri–Sadoc tiles

The 3D facets of the Delone cells of the root lattice D 6 which tile the 6D Euclidean space in an alternating order are projected into 3D space. They are classified into six Mosseri–Sadoc tetrahedral tiles of edge lengths 1 and golden ratio τ = (1 + 51/2)/2 with faces normal to the fivefold and threefold axes. The icosahedron, dodecahedron and icosidodecahedron whose vertices are obtained from the fundamental weights of the icosahedral group are dissected in terms of six tetrahedra. A set of four tiles are composed from six fundamental tiles, the faces of which are normal to the fivefold axes of the icosahedral group. It is shown that the 3D Euclidean space can be tiled face-to-face with maximal face coverage by the composite tiles with an inflation factor τ generated by an inflation matrix. It is noted that dodecahedra with edge lengths of 1 and τ naturally occur already in the second and third order of the inflations. The 3D patches displaying fivefold, threefold and twofold symmetries are obtained in the inflated dodecahedral structures with edge lengths τ n with n ≥ 3. The planar tiling of the faces of the composite tiles follows the edge-to-edge matching of the Robinson triangles.