World and European Rowing Medallists Pace With Smaller Variation Than Their Competitors

Purpose: To establish the relation between pacing pattern and performance, within sex, and number of crew members, at the very highest performance level in World class rowing.Methods: Pacing profiles based on official 500 m split times in 106 A-finals with six contesting boat crews (n = 636 crews), in recent World (2017–2019) and European (2017–2021) championships, were analyzed. The coefficient of variation (CV) and sum of relative differences (SRD) of the split times, and normalized velocities in the four segments of the race, were compared between performance levels, that is, placement (1st–6th), and subgroups based on sex (female or male) and number of crew members (one, two, or four). Statistical tests and resulting p-values and effect sizes (Cohen's d) were used to assess differences between groups.Results: The pacing profiles of the medallists had smaller variation than those of the non-podium finishers (CV = 1.72% vs. CV = 2.00%; p = 4 × 10−7, d = 0.41). Compared to the non-podium finishers, the medallists had lower normalized velocities in the first and second segments of the race, slightly higher in the third segment and higher in the fourth segment. Female crews paced somewhat more evenly than male crews. No significant differences were found in the evenness of pacing profiles between singles, doubles/pairs and quads/fours. Analyses of SRD were overall consistent with analyses of CV.Conclusion: Medal winners in major rowing championships use a more even pacing strategy than their final competitors, which could imply that such a strategy is advantageous in rowing.

Exploration of the Ixodes ricinus Virosphere Unveils an Extensive Virus Diversity Including Novel Coltiviruses and Other Reoviruses

Recent metagenomics studies have revealed several tick species to host a variety of previously undiscovered RNA viruses. Ixodes ricinus, which is known to be a vector for many viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens, is the most prevalent tick species in Europe. For this study, we decided to investigate the virosphere of Belgian I. ricinus ticks. High-throughput sequencing of tick pools collected from six different sampling sites revealed the presence of viruses belonging to many different viral orders and families, including Mononegavirales, Bunyavirales, Partitiviridae and Reoviridae. Of particular interest was the detection of several new reoviruses, two of which cluster together with members of the genus Coltivirus. This includes a new strain of Eyach virus, a known causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis. All genome segments of this new strain are highly similar to those of previously published Eyach virus genomes, except for the fourth segment, encoding VP4, which is markedly more dissimilar, potentially indicating the occurrence of a genetic reassortment. Further PCR-based screening of over 230 tick pools for 14 selected viruses showed that most viruses could be found in all six sampling sites, indicating the wide spread of these viruses throughout the Belgian tick population. Taken together, these results illustrate the role of ticks as important virus reservoirs, highlighting the need for adequate tick control measures.

Case Report: De novo Vertebral Artery Dissection After Intravascular Stenting of the Contralateral Unruptured Vertebral Artery Aneurysm

Spontaneous vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm has been increasingly attributed as a major cause of focal neurological deficits due to vertebrobasilar artery ischemia or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Although the development of spontaneous vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm (VADA) is rare, de novo VADA after treatment of contralateral vertebral artery (VA) is more less frequently observed. There are only a few reports related to de novo VADA after treatment of the contralateral VA in the medical literature. The mechanisms responsible for de novo dissection after treatment of unilateral VADA are still not clearly understood. In this manuscript, we report an unusual case of a patient with a de novo VADA after placement of a pipeline embolization device (PED) stent on the contralateral VA along with a thorough review of the literature. A 42-years old male patient was referred to the hospital with sudden onset of dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Initial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images demonstrated a VADA in the fourth segment of the left VA without the involvement of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). There were no significant abnormalities found in the right vertebral artery. He underwent an endovascular pipeline embolization to treat the dissecting aneurysm (DA). Surprisingly, follow-up DSA imaging 14 months after the initial treatment showed a segmental dilatation and narrowing of the right VA, which suggested a de novo VADA on the right side that had occurred postoperatively. This was followed by a tent-assisted coil embolization therapy for occluding this de novo VADA. This patient showed an uneventful postoperative course with no neurological abnormalities. In addition to hemodynamic stress changes, the unique clinicopathological features of dissecting aneurysms may contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of de novo VA dissection. Given that VA in VADA patients may be vulnerable on both sides, it is important to consider the risk of de novo dissection after initial aneurysm treatment. The bilateral vertebral artery has to be carefully observed when treating any VADA patient to prevent any complications.

Visitors' Spending on Accommodation: A Segmentation Model using Two-Step CHAID Analysis

Tourism receipt through visitors' spending is one of the contributors that stimulate the local economy. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the factors influencing these spending preferences. This study determines factors and average spending on accommodations using segmentation techniques for Perhentian Island's visitors. Determinant factors include demographic, trip-related, and psychographic characteristics. Data were collected through a survey and run for 929 visitors using two-step Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) analysis. The analysis produces a three-level regression tree and later a classification tree. The findings documented that, level 1 consisted of four segments and were segmented according to the country of origin (COO). Overall, the Italian is a segment that has the highest average spending. The fourth segment of level 1, namely Malaysia, branched out further to level 2 and level 3. These levels were segmented based on the number of dependents during the trip and length of stay, respectively. For domestic visitors, Malaysian with dependents on the trip spend the highest. Based on the results, recommendations for the Perhentian Islands accommodation operator were to provide infrastructure to accommodate families for domestic market and marketing strategy that target Italians for the international market. The results could also assist local authorities outlining tourism planning.

Exploration of the Ixodes ricinus virosphere unveils an extensive virus diversity including novel Coltiviruses and other reoviruses

Recent metagenomics studies have revealed several tick species to host a variety of previously undiscovered RNA viruses. Ixodes ricinus, which is known to be a vector for many viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens, is the most prevalent tick species in Europe. For this study, we decided to investigate the virosphere of Belgian I. ricinus ticks. High-throughput sequencing of tick pools collected from six different sampling sites revealed the presence of viruses belonging to many different viral orders and families, including Mononegavirales, Bunyavirales, Partitiviridae and Reoviridae. Of particular interest was the detection of several new reoviruses, two of which cluster together with members of the genus Coltivirus. This includes a new strain of Eyach virus, a known causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis. All genome segments of this new strain are highly similar to those of previously published Eyach virus genomes, except for the fourth segment, encoding VP4, which is markedly more dissimilar, potentially indicating the occurrence of a genetic reassortment. Further PCR-based screening of over 230 tick pools for 14 selected viruses showed that most viruses could be found in all six sampling sites, indicating the wide spread of these viruses throughout the Belgian tick population. Taken together, these results illustrate the role of ticks as important virus reservoirs, highlighting the need for adequate tick control measures.

Detection of Known and Novel Viral Pathogens in Belgian Ixodes ricinus Ticks

Recent metagenomics studies have revealed several arthropod species to be major reservoirs for RNA viruses. One of these reservoirs is Ixodes ricinus, the most prevalent tick species in Europe, which is known to be a vector for many viral and bacterial pathogens. For this study, we decided to investigate the virosphere of Belgian Ixodes ricinus ticks. High-throughput sequencing of tick pools collected from six different sampling sites revealed the presence of viruses belonging to many different viral orders and families, including Mononegavirales, Bunyavirales, Partitiviridae, and Reoviridae. Of particular interest was the detection of several putative human pathogens, including members of the families Nairoviridae and Phenuiviridae as well as three new reoviruses, two of which cluster together with members of the genus Coltivirus. One of these two viruses represents a new strain of Eyach virus, a known causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis. All genome segments of this new strain are highly similar to those of previously published Eyach virus genomes, except for the fourth segment, encoding VP4, which is markedly more dissimilar, potentially indicating the occurrence of an antigenic shift. Further PCR-based screening of over 200 tick pools for 11 selected viruses showed that most viruses could be found in all six sampling sites, indicating the wide spread of these viruses throughout the Belgian tick population. Taken together, these results illustrate the role of ticks as important virus reservoirs, highlighting the need for adequate tick control measures.

EVALUATION ON LANGUAGE ATTITUDE OF PRESIDENTIAL CANDITATES IN THE DISCOURSE OF DEBAT CAPRES 2019: APPRAISAL ANALYSIS

General Election in 2019 is considered as the biggest party in democracy; it was used as the source of data from the third and the fourth segment on March 30, 2019. They were then transcribed and analyzed by using appraisal pattern study based on three analyses: engagement, attitude, and graduation in the appraisal pattern attitude. The result of the research in DC discourse consisted of engagement, attitude, and graduation. The attitude pattern of the presidential candidates comes from personality and the ‘order’ of political parties. Negative attitude is conveyed in the forms of expressions in dissatisfaction, injustice, greed, ambition, moral messages, noble values, and generosity. The function of presidential candidate debate is in the series of democratic system. Positive attitude identified in the Presidential Debate discourse through the utterances of Presidential Candidate 1 and Presidential Candidate 2 was analyzed through their implicit and explicit expressions such as a) acting in the firm way, b) acting hesitatingly, c) patience, and optimistic, and d) attitude toward gender.

FDA collaboration to improve safe use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics: an ex post facto matched control study of targeted short-form messaging and online education served to high prescribers

Objective: This ex post facto matched control study was conducted to evaluate the effect of targeted short-form messages or continuing medical education (CME) on fluoroquinolone prescribing among high prescribers. Methods: A total of 11,774 Medscape healthcare provider (HCP) members prescribing high volumes of fluoroquinolones were randomized into three segments to receive one of three unique targeted short-form messages, each delivered via email, web alerts, and mobile alerts. Some HCPs receiving targeted short-form messages also participated in CME on fluoroquinolone prescribing. A fourth segment of HCPs participated in CME only. Test HCPs were matched to third-party-provider prescriber data to identify control HCPs. We used prescriber data to determine new prescription volume; percentage (%) of HCPs with reduced prescribing; new prescription volume for acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS), uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI), and acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ABECB-COPD). Open rates for emailed targeted short-form messages were also measured. Results: Targeted short-form messages and CME each resulted in significant new prescription volume reduction versus control. Combining targeted short-form messages with CME yielded the greatest percentage of test HCPs with reduced prescribing (80.1%) versus controls (76.2%; p<0.0001). New prescription volume decreased significantly for uUTI and ABS following exposure to targeted short-form messages, CME, or both. Targeted short-form messages containing comparative prescribing information with or without clinical context were opened at slightly higher rates (10.8% and 10.6%, respectively) than targeted short-form messages containing clinical context alone (9.1%). Conclusions: Targeted short-form messages and CME, alone and in combination, are associated with reduced oral fluoroquinolone prescribing among high prescribers.