Chopinowskie narracje z „dziecięcego pokoju”. Mistrz w czasopismach i publikacjach dla najmłodszych w XIX wieku – rekonesans

The article discusses the biographical accounts and stories about Frédéric Chopin published in the most representative children’s magazines of the turn of the twentieth century: Wieczory Rodzinne (Family evenings), Przyjaciel Dzieci (Children’s friend) and Moje Pisemko (My little magazine). A kind of complementary role to them is played by the analysis of Janina Sedlaczkówna’s 1891 book Dwaj mistrze: opowiadanie o życiu Artura Grottgera i Fryderyka Chopina (Two maestros: a story about the lives of Artur Grottger and Frédéric Chopin) and Teresa Jadwiga Papi’s stories from 1898 of the same title Dwaj mistrze (Two maestros) about Chopin and Moniuszko. The collected comments and conclusions are presented in relation to twentieth- century biographical texts about Chopin.

Traditions of Russian Orthodox Culture in Children’s Literary and Art Publications in Russia at the End of the 20th - Beginning of the 21st Century

В статье рассматриваются издания детских православных журналов кон. XX - нач. XXI в. через призму традиций православной публицистики, зародившейся в XVII-XVIII вв. Принимаются во внимание журналы, выходящие для детей младшего и старшего возраста, особенности рубрик, авторство статей, направление публикаций. Уточняются преемственность и новаторские отличия рассматриваемых журналов в сравнении со светскими и более ранними православными публицистическими изданиями, преимущественно ориентированными на детскую аудиторию. The article examines the publication of Orthodox children’s magazines of the late 20th - early 21st century, through the prism of the traditions of Orthodox journalism that originated in the 17th-18th centuries. The author takes into account the journals published for young and older children, the features of the headings, the authorship of articles, the direction of publications. The continuity and innovative differences of the reviewed journals are clarified in comparison with secular and earlier Orthodox journalistic publications, mainly aimed at children.

From Nasser to al-Sīsī

After the events of June 30 and July 3, 2013, that brought the Muslim Brotherhood rule to an end, Egyptian President ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ al-Sīsī has been carried aloft on waves of adulation of most of the Egyptian people. This phenomenon was reflected in popular expressions and in the Egyptian media, and any criticism of it was minimal. Interestingly, it was the portrayal of al-Sīsī in a children’s magazine, Samīr (February 1, 2014), that generated vocal public debate on issues of the exposure of children to political content and their indoctrination. This article examines why this case provoked such harsh criticism even though political content and indoctrination in children’s magazines are not a new phenomenon in Egypt but rather a continuation of past traditions, and discusses what insights can be gleaned from the affair with regard to Egyptian society today.

Attributes of Soviet Childhood: History of Transformation (On the Example of Illustrative Material Children’s Magazines 1920–1990s)

The article is analyzes the images of the children's characteristics on illustrations for children’s magazines of the Soviet Union in the context of three periods: the period of experiments (1920–1930), military-sports period (1930–1950) and familytime (1950–1980). The characteristics of kids, in this case, are considered not only as certain features that are inherent for them on the images but also wider – as a child’s symbol that indicates the attitude towards childhood in certain social, cultural and political conditions. Since the visual children’s culture, and especially children’s media, are a matter of high interest now, this study and its main achievements, including contribution to the establishing correlation of the visual representation of children's characteristics and the cultural content of childhood of a certain era, have wide applicability. The article presents a cultural-semantic and socio-psychological explanation of the visual component of children’s illustrated periodicals in the conclusion section.

How to Become an Author: The Poet Isa Asp and Her Childhood Fascination with Writing for Magazines

In this article the author explores the early development of the identity as a writer of a Finnish-speaking poet Lovisa (or Isa) Asp (1853–1872). She wrote her lyrics in the Finnish language in the 1870s, and she is regarded as the first 19th-century female Finnish poet (whose works were published in Finnish). She began writing poetry (initially in Swedish) as a teenager and started her literary career as a contributor to children’s magazines. Asp began her studies at the Teacher Training College in Jyväskylä in autumn 1871 with the aim of working as an elementary school teacher, but she also dreamt of becoming an established writer someday. Unfortunately, her early death meant that most of her poetry remained unpublished until the 21st century. The author investigates what kind of literature Asp read and why she was able to read extensively as a child in the remote Finnish-speaking countryside at a time when Finnish-language literature for children was scarce and still only nascent and being developed for nationalistic reasons; in those decades, most of the books and publications were still written in Swedish. The author analyses in particular the gendered experiences of reading (and writing) in the life of a young girl and woman from the countryside, because in those days most of the authors were men living in towns. A special focus of the article is on the texts that she wrote and edited for children’s magazines. The author studies her autobiographical sources using a biographical method and considers what kind of literature and libraries inspired her career as an early female poet. National poet Johan Ludvig Runeberg and poet and historian Zacharias Topelius, the major Fennoman authors, were the literary models for the young Isa Asp. Their works inspired her to write and to aspire for a career as a poet and author, an occupation that was then still rare for a woman. Writing for children’s magazines was a crucial stage in her career, and her identity as a writer was strengthened by the opportunity to have her poems and short tales published. Also, writing for these handwritten as well as published magazines made her dreams visible and encouraged her to pursue them with effort. All this shows that her development as a writer was a deliberate, goal-oriented process. The publication of her poems and obtaining the community’s approval of them were important for the young poet. The encouragement to pursue a career in writing that Isa with her literary gifts received as a child from her immediate surroundings helped her to achieve her dreams, which in the end turned out not to be impossible to realise.

“Sasha Is Drawing a Rocket and Borya Is Drawing a Candy…”: Space Representation in Soviet Magazines for Children in the Late 1950s–1960s

На основе изучения содержания детских журналов «Веселые картинки» и «Мурзилка», выходивших в период конца 1950–1960-х гг. и ориентированных на дошкольников и младших школьников (примерно 5-12 лет), рассматривается, как репрезентировался «космос», под которым понимается образно-содержательный конструкт, включающий смысловое и символическое наполнение и визуализирующийся при помощи типичных космических атрибутов. Цель исследования – выявление сюжетов, способов и образов, использующихся советской пропагандой при обращении к юному читателю. Делается вывод о том, что «космос» – очень удачный идеологический и политический конструкт, содержательное и образное наполнение которого выстраивалось в соответствии с принятой в СССР воспитательной моделью. Детские журналы через свой контент о «космосе» пытались развивать в детях такие качества, как любовь к Родине, безоговорочная вера в ее успехи и достижения, прилежная учеба и трудолюбие. The aim of the article is to reveal the plots, methods and images Soviet propaganda used when addressing young readers in the representing of the concept “space” in children's magazines of the late 1950s–1960s. The author gives her definition of the term “space”, which up to now has not been clearly conceptualized. Thus, “space” is a figurative-meaningful construct with semantic and symbolic content, visualized using typical cosmic attributes. The key resources for the article are Soviet magazines Murzilkaand Vesyolye Kartinki for children from five to twelve years old. The main content of these magazines is color illustrations, short poems and stories. Looking through children’s magazines, the author first looked for visual markers of “space”: rockets, cosmonaut, spacesuit, moon, stars, etc. If they were absent, she carefully examined the meaning of the textual content of the page, if any. As a result, the text and visual materials were included in the total sample for analysis. The author systematized the materials based on the three grounds of the topic of space: storylines and heroes, methods of representation, visualization. There are three main characters most often found in children’s magazines: a child, the Moon, space. The plots around these characters have two main lines: (1) every Soviet child dreams of becoming a cosmonaut, but for this, s/he needs to study well and be hardworking; (2) only such a great country as the USSR could achieve success in conquering space. The most common way of representing “space” was color pictures and illustrations (cosmonauts at the May Day demonstration, a rocket is approaching the moon, etc.). Poems, riddles, fairy tales or short stories about space was the second popular way. Science notes about how a rocket takes off, how a cosmonaut feels in zero gravity, etc. were published. In addition, game formats were offered for children – to glue a rocket out of paper or draw a suit for a cosmonaut, etc. Children sent their own drawings about space to the magazines. Most often, the image of a rocket was used in space visualization. Portraits of cosmonauts (Gagarin, Titov, and Tereshkova) were also often used. The following conclusion has been made. Visual images, forms and ways of presenting “space” to children in the magazines Murzilka and Vesyolye Kartinki shows that “space” has become a successful ideological construct that reflects the basic principles in accordance with which the educational model was built in the USSR. Children’s magazines tried to develop in children such qualities as love for their country, unconditional faith in its successes and achievements, desire for good studies and hard work.

DESIGNING CHILDHOOD IN RUSSIA IN THE LATE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES: FROM THEORY TO THE STUDY OF DISCURSIVE PRACTICES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF CHILDREN'S PERIODICAL PRESS FOR MIDDLE AND OLDER AGE)

Aim: general analytical review of the design of childhood on the pages of periodicals for children and youth of the late XIX - early XX centuries. The work reveals the main theoretical aspects of researching the texts of children's magazines within the framework of discourse analysis, identifying and describing the main characteristics of discursive practices. In order to explicate the content of the image of childhood, we singled out and analyzed the representations reflected in journalistic articles in the genre of journalism. In pre-revolutionary Russia, the organization of discursive space in children's magazines played a huge role, since the content of magazines particularly influenced children's socialization through the organization of leisure, cognitive, and communicative activities and defined the child's mental space. As a result, various models of child design were identified that revealed the transformation of the child's image under the influence of the social and political environment of that time.

Między wzorcem a rzeczywistością. Socjalizacja żydowskich dziewcząt w polskojęzycznych pisemkach dla dzieci 1925–1930

Between the Ideal Model and Reality: Socialization of Jewish Girls in Polish-Language Magazines for Children, 1925–1930 This article compares the patterns passed on in the years 1925–1930 by children’s magazines to Jewish girls with how they actually assessed themselves, what they considered important, what plans they had for the future. The author conducted an analysis of three Polish-language magazines for children: Chwilka, Dzienniczek, and Mały Przegląd. The first two contained texts by adult authors who showed children the accepted models of behavior and expectations from them. However, the patterns were divergent. On the one hand, girls were taught to be obedient and polite, and on the other hand as future inhabitants of Palestine they were supposed to be rebellious and courageous. These contrasting demands could not be reconciled. In Mały Przegląd, which published texts written by children, we find information about how young girls assessed themselves and what they were striving for. It seems that the contradictory requirements that could not be met led to far-reaching emancipation, perception of discrimination against women, and the choice of one’s own way of life.

SUBSCRIPTION CAMPAIGNS OF THE CHSILDREN’S PRESS IN UKRAINE IN THE 1920S AND 1930S

The article explores the practice of organizing the subscription campaign by editorial offices of the children's press, including information, advertising and language tools and resources used to increase the circulation of the editions. The aim of the article is to find out the conditions for the formation of the children’s press system of Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s, in particular the means of creating subscription information that reflected the thematic, structural and linguistic features of periodicals. The object of the study are children's (for pioneers, schoolchildren) newspapers and magazines published in Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s, which used various means of conducting a subscription campaign for children’s audience («Oktiabrskije vshody / October shoots», «Chervoni kvity / Red Flowers», «Pioneriya / Pioneering», «Na zminu / For a Change», «Znannia ta pratsia / Knowledge and Work», «Biuleten’ okruzhnogo biuro KDD i Artemovskogo rajonnogo shtaba kulturno-bytovogo pohoda junyh pionerov / District Bureau Bulletin of CCM [Communist Children’s Movement] and Artemivsk regional headquarters of the cultural and domestic campaign of young pioneers», etc., published in Kharkiv, Kyiv, Artemivsk). In the ideologically marked press of the 1920s and 1930s in Ukraine, in particular for pioneers and schoolchildren, active means of communication can be considered, such as language means (orders, tasks, appeals, obligations, etc.), information and advertising resources (original text messages and specific page design about subscription, preferential prices (reduction of a separate number, set of the newspaper or magazine or subscription), expansion of the subscription network, in particular «by phone call of the commissioner»; holding competitions, receiving prizes in the form of «free оf charge subscription», books or collections), deployment of forms of agitation in order to increase its circulation. Some editors emphasized that children’s magazines were published under the auspices of the People’s Commissariat of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic; prominent literary, pedagogical and party leaders of the country took part in the editions.