Mesogenic Properties of Aromatic Oligoesters Derived from Kink-Structured Monomers

Novel liquid crystalline oligomers were prepared using different compositions of kink-structured aromatic dicarboxylic acids, aromatic diols, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid via high-temperature polycondensation. The reaction products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and polarized optical microscopy. As a result, the samples containing kinked units with phenyl or naphthalene moiety had a broad processing window limited by the melting process and the isotropization, whereas one based on diphenic acid was almost entirely in an amorphous state. The surface properties of the oligomers were evaluated by wetting measurements using a static contact angle analysis.

Substituent Effects on Transient, Carbodiimide-Fueled Geometry Changes in Diphenic Acids

Nucleotide-fueled conformational changes in motor proteins are key to many important cell functions. Inspired by this biological behavior, we report a simple chemical system that exhibits carbodiimide-fueled geometry changes. Bridging via transient anhydride formation leads to a significant reduction of the twist about the biaryl bond of substituted diphenic acids, giving a simple molecular clamp. The kinetics are well-described by a simple mechanism, allowing structure–property effects to be determined. The kinetic parameters can be used to derive important characteristics of the system such as the efficiencies (anhydride yields), maximum anhydride concentrations, and overall lifetimes. Transient diphenic anhydrides tolerate steric hindrance ortho to the biaryl bond but are significantly affected by electronic effects, with electron-deficient substituents giving lower yields, peak conversions, and lifetimes. The results provide useful guidelines for the design of functional systems incorporating diphenic acid units

Substituent Effects on Transient, Carbodiimide-Fueled Geometry Changes in Diphenic Acids

Nucleotide-fueled conformational changes in motor proteins are key to many important cell functions. Inspired by this biological behavior, we report a simple chemical system that exhibits carbodiimide-fueled geometry changes. Bridging via transient anhydride formation leads to a significant reduction of the twist about the biaryl bond of substituted diphenic acids, giving a simple molecular clamp. The kinetics are well-described by a simple mechanism, allowing structure–property effects to be determined. The kinetic parameters can be used to derive important characteristics of the system such as the efficiencies (anhydride yields), maximum anhydride concentrations, and overall lifetimes. Transient diphenic anhydrides tolerate steric hindrance ortho to the biaryl bond but are significantly affected by electronic effects, with electron-deficient substituents giving lower yields, peak conversions, and lifetimes. The results provide useful guidelines for the design of functional systems incorporating diphenic acid units

Biodegradation and detoxification of phenanthrene in in-vitro and in-vivo conditions by a newly isolated ligninolytic fungus Coriolopsis byrsina strain APC5 and characterization of their metabolites for environmental safety

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recalcitrant organic pollutants generated from agricultural, industrial, and municipal sources, and their strong toxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic properties pose a harmful threat to human beings. The present study delas with the bioremediation of phenanthrene by a ligninolytic fungus, Coriolopsis byrsina strain APC5, isolated from the fruiting body of decayed wood surface. During the experiment, Coriolopsis byrsina strain APC5 was found as a promising organisms for the degradation and detoxification of phenanthrene (PHE) in in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. HPLC analysis showed that the C. byrsina strain degraded 99.90% of 20 mg/L PHE in in-vitro condition wheras 77.48% degradation of 50 mg/L PHE was reported in in-vivo condition. The maximum degradation of PHE was noted at pH 6.0 at 25 ºC temperature under shaking flask conditions. Further GC-MS analysis of fungal treated samples showed detection of 9, 10-Dihydroxy phenanthrene, 2, 2-Diphenic acid, phthalic acid, 4-heptyloxy phenol, benzene octyl and acetic acid anhydride as a metabolic products of degraded PHE. Furthermore, the phytotoxicity evaluation of degraded PHE was observed through the seed germination method using Vigna radiata and Cicer arietinum seeds. The phytotoxicity results showed that the seed germination index and vegetative growth parameters of plants were increased in the degraded PHE soil. As a result, C. byrsina strain APC5 was found to be a potential organism for the degradation and detoxification of PHE without showing any adverse effect of their metabolites.

2.2-Diphenic Acid: A Reliable Biomarker Of Phenanthrene Biodegradation

Phenanthrene is among the 16 priority pollutant and its mitigation in the environment has been a global concern. It serves as a model compound when it comes to biodgradation study of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) because it has both the Bay- and K-region found in most PAH pollutants. Like other PAH pollutants, different means are available for its remediation in the environment, including microbial biodegradation. Diverse species of bacteria and fungi metabolize phenanthrenes as their sole source of carbon and energy. However, bacteria are more diverse in comparison to fungi. This has been shown in published pathways of phenanthrene biodegradation implicating various intermediary metabolites, including 2,2-diphenic acid, which is a downline metabolite of 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene. Though the 2,2-diphenic acid has been widely demonstrated to produce carbon (iv) oxide and linked to phthalate, only few has traced salicylic acid as its downstream molecule. 2,2-diphenic acid mounts equivalent position to 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, metabolite that ends the phenanthrene metabolic pathway. This is because they both produce phthalic acid and salicylic acid. As a product of bacteria and fungi during phenanthrene degradation, 2,2-diphenic acid can serve as a dependable biomarker of phenanthrene metabolism in a polluted habitat, where microbial community exist freely.

Photochromism and photoresponsive luminescence in naphthalenediimide coordination polymers with high thermostability

Two novel photochromic complexes [Zn2(bpdc)2(m-DPNDI)2]·H2O (1) and [Cd(bpdc)(m-DPNDI)]·H2O (2) (H2bpdc = 4,4′-diphenic acid, m-DPNDI = N,N′-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxydiimide) were prepared through a solvothermal method.

New chitin derivatives and their Schottky diodes: Synthesis and characterization

First, chitin was reacted with 4,5-dichlorophthalic acid and diphenic acid, and thus two new chitin derivatives (C45DA and CDA) were synthesized. Then, C45DA and CDA were characterized by various spectroscopies and techniques (FTIR, 13C CP-MAS solid-state NMR, XRPD, SEM, and TGA/DTA). Besides, some electrical properties of C45DA were measured. After the characterization process, the Schottky diodes of C45DA and CDA were made. It was determined that these diodes showed photodiode characteristics at the same time. Later on, both electrical properties ( ϕb, n, and Rs) and photoelectrical properties ( I Illumination/ I Dark, I SC, and V OC) of these diodes were determined.