DYNAMICS OF THE ELECTRON BEAM GENERATED BY THE MAGNETRON GUN WITH DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE TRANSPORTATION CHANNEL

The dynamics of the dimensions of the electron beam generated by the magnetron gun in the particle transport channel and the efficiency of focusing the tubular electron beam in the gradient magnetic field are investigated. The experiments were carried out with magnetron guns with secondary-emission cathodes (cathode diameters 36 and 16 mm, anodes diameters 78 and 36 mm) at cathode voltage of 20...80 kV. Magnetic fields were created both by the solenoid and jointly by the solenoid and the permanent magnet. The dependence of the radial distribution of the beam on metal targets on the amplitude and gradient of the magnetic field along the axis of the system is inves-tigated. The possibility of controlling the beam diameter by varying the magnetic field is shown. The imprints of collimated beams were obtained experimentally on targets located at selected distances. The obtained experimental data agree with the results of numerical simulation. It is shown that with an increase in the amplitude of the gradient magnetic field, the effect of radial focusing of the beam is more pronounced.

Methods of increasing the dielectric strength of the accelerating gap in an electron source with a plasma cathode

This work represents the investigations for decreasing acceleration gap breakdown probability of plasma source of electrons SOLO, with grid stabilization of the boundaries of the arc cathode plasma. We increased the distance to the treated target, bent the transportation channel of the electron beam, created additional plasma in the anode space, and increased the beam front. The effect of the above measures on the breakdown probability when the target is exposed of a low-energy electron beam with a power density of up to 0.5 MW/cm2 with a diameter of 2.5 cm was investigated separately. Beam deflection is most effective at relatively long pulse durations of 150 μs and accelerating voltage of 20 kV, rather than a lower one. It was possible to double the maximum power for the same beam transport length applied to a low-melting target. Preionization in the anode proved to be effective for relatively short beams of 15 μs duration.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE BEAM DENSITY AT THE TARGET OF SUBCRITICAL FACILITY “NEUTRON SOURCE”

NSC KIPT subcritical facility “Neutron Source” uses rectangular tungsten or uranium target of 6464 mm top cross-section. To generate maximum neutron flux, prevent overheating of the target and reduce thermal stress during the facility power operation one should provide uniform electron beam distribution at the target top surface. During the facility design three different possibilities of electron beam density redistribution above the target surface were considered. These were the fast beam scanning with two dimensional scanning magnets; the method of uniform beam distribution formation with linear focusing elements (dipole and quadrupole magnets) and nonlinear focusing elements (octupole magnets), when final required rectangular beam shape with homogeneous beam density is formed at target; and combined method, when one forms the small rectangular beam with homogeneous beam density distribution and scan it over the target surface with scanning magnets. In the paper the all three methods are considered and discussed taking into account the layout of the transportation channel of NSC KIPT subcritical facility “Neutron Source”. For the first stage of the facility start-up and pilot operation the fast scanning method was chosen, realised and tested. The results of the beam distribution measurements over the surface of the target during the facility adjustment and start up are presented.

KARAKTERISTIK SEDIMEN PERMUKAAN DASAR SUNGAI DAN LAUT DI DAERAH SUNGAI KUARO DAN TELUK ADANG KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Fenomena menarik sedimen permukaan sungai dan laut dalam kajian alur transportasi batubara di daerah Teluk Adang Kabupaten Kuaro Kalimantan Timur menunjukkan adanya perbedaan-perbedaan tekstur, sebaran dan komposisi fraksi. Perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut dicoba diidentifikasi melalui tampilan-tampilan diagram histogram; posisi geografis dari contoh-contoh juga dapat membantu identifikasi perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut. Dari tampilan histogram tampak bahwa fraksi lanau dominan tersebar ke arah lepas pantai sedangkan fraksi pasir cenderung dominan ke arah sungai. Contoh sedimen dari tengah sungai cenderung berpola unimodal sedangkan sedimen tepi sungai lebih berpola bimodal dan polimodal. Kandungan material organik yang terlalu tinggi merupakan kendala untuk identifikasi rejim pengendapan karena pola histogramnya tidak menunjukkan keadaan yang sesungguhnya. Sedangkan sedimen hasil perangkap sedimen menunjukkan sistem pengendapan suspensi dari dominannya fraksi halus lanau. An interesting phenomenon of river and marine surficial sedimens in coal transportation channel studies in the area of Adang Bay, Kuaro Regency showed differences of texture, distribution and fraction compositions. The differences were tried to be identified through features of histogram diagrams; while geographical positions can also assist in identification of the differences. From histogram features revealed that silt fraction dominant to offshore while sand fraction distribute more to the direction of the river. Middle river samples tend to unimodal pattern compared to the riverside which show bimodal and polymodal. The very high contents of organic material is a constraint for identification of sedimenation regime due to improper histogram patterns. On the other hand, sedimen trap sedimens demonstrate suspension depositional system through recognition of silt dominances.