REAKTUALISASI KONSEP DASAR PENDIDIKAN ISLAM: PARADIGMA BARU DI ERA MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN (MEA) DALAM PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN

In this era of globalization, it is necessary for the modernization process to occur in human life, due to the fulfillment of various human demands and the development of advances in the fields of science and technology, especially in the world of information and new innovations that bring drastic changes. Facing such a situation, Islamic education must also try to put its position into a strategic position not only in the context of building a complete human being, but also instilling ideal values for the life and progress of a dynamically developing society so that it can provide solutions to various problems that arise arise as a result of advances in science and technology, modernization and globalization. In addition, Islamic education is also expected to be able to build an integrative scientific and technological style construction (between spiritualism and realism) in life. Education is also the best institution in guiding human life to realize its self-actualization for a full and prosperous life in accordance with the ideals of life. All of this, of course, cannot be separated from the concept of divinity, humanity and nature which was developed in an integrative way.Keywords: Reactualization of Islamic Education, New Paradigm

Regional Integration and Ceramic Consumption in the Border Region of Bolivia and Argentina (ca. AD 1000–1450)

This article investigates the mechanisms by which different communities were articulated during the Late Intermediate period (ca. AD 1000–1450) in the Río Grande de San Juan Basin, also called the Chicha Region, located in the border region of Bolivia and Argentina. Through analyses of systems of pottery production, circulation, and consumption, we examine interaction networks, social integration, and alliance building at a regional level. Yavi-Chicha pottery from two sites in the Chicha Region—Chipihuayco, in the Talina Valley (Bolivia), and Finispatria, in San Juan Mayo (Argentina)—provide key insights into regional integration and constellations of practice through their localized technological style and shared consumption strategies. This study reveals that people of Finispatria incorporated the entire Yavi-Chicha-style household assemblage—partly produced in Chipihuayco, partly in Finispatria, or partly at some unknown location—into their everyday lives. We argue that the entire household ceramic repertoire of the study region played a fundamental and socially integrative role as it circulated across the region.

Gender in African Metallurgy

Gender is frequently invoked as a core explanatory factor for many aspects of past African metallurgy, including conceptualizations of the technological process by its practitioners, the organization of—and participation in—metallurgical production activity, and the acquisition of power and wealth that is associated with it. If a study of technology is to contribute to our understanding of the African past, an exploration of the socioeconomic framework of a production activity is as important as understanding the materiality of a technology; gender is an essential part of that framework. Ethnographies offer an unparalleled opportunity to consider concepts such as technological style, symbolic expression, and gender in relation to technological activity and materiality—structuring principles that can be of limited visibility in the archaeological record. It is through ethnographic and historical documentation that gender has been made highly and dramatically visible in African smelting and metalworking processes. A stark focus has tended to rest on the cosmologies of fertility and human reproduction that permeate many (though certainly not all) iron smelting technologies across the continent. Metal production is positioned as a form of social reproduction, enabling the continuation of cultural activity through technological production. Metaphors of transformation are reproduced through the design and decoration of technological artifacts, through taboos and prohibitions, and through the symbolic songs, words, and actions of the metal workers, and have been closely tied with narratives of female exclusion from (and conversely male access to) metallurgical activities. Insights from the ethnographic and historical records of sub-Saharan Africa have been used to inform archaeological interpretations, both implicitly and explicitly, within and far beyond the continent. Yet the insights they provide need to be tempered by a critical evaluation of the ways in which such analogies are selected from a vast bank of historic and ethnographic data and how they can be most appropriately utilized. Importantly, the variability that is present within the ethnographic record cautions against the construction and promulgation of overgeneralizations, and strongly suggests that gender and gendered work roles within African metallurgy, past and present, are not yet fully understood.

Nurturing and Balancing the World: A Relational Approach to Rock Art and Technology from North Central Chile (Southern Andes)

Technology has been a central theme in archaeological discussion. Different approaches have been developed in order to understand and better explain the processes that lead to the production of objects and things. The anthropology of technology has been one such effort, with its focus on technological style and the chaîne opératoire. In this paper we argue that, despite their many contributions, these approaches tend to isolate the process of production, as well as to see it as the imposition of culture over nature. Instead, we propose a relational approach to technology, one that considers the multiple participants in the social actions involved, stressing the affective qualities of the different entities participating in the process of making. We focus this discussion on the production process of rock art in North Central Chile by Diaguita communities (c. ad 1000–c. 1540), arguing that making petroglyphs was a central activity that aimed at the balancing of the world and its participants, creating a mediating space that facilitated connectedness between the multiple members of the Diaguita world, humans and other-than-humans.

Los estilos tecnológicos cerámicos de La Chanchería como indicadores de modos de hacer y de producir de las sociedades tardías del valle de Uspallata (NO de Mendoza)

<p>Examinamos materiales cerámicos de componentes tardíos del área de La Chanchería (valle de Uspallata, NO de Mendoza), mediante el análisis morfométrico y decorativo. Seguimos criterios para la selección y obtención del Número Mínimo de Vasijas (NMV) y conformamos caracterizaciones para cada estilo cerámico, teniendo en cuenta morfología, capacidad volumétrica, composición general de las pastas y tipos de motivos decorativos. Partimos de la idea de que cada estilo tecnológico es un modo de hacer, un conjunto de hábitos y capacidades apropiadas, en un tiempo y espacio determinados, y que involucra relaciones sociales cargadas de significado. La comparación de los resultados con el material arqueológico de otros sitios del área y de la región nos acerca a interpretaciones sobre comportamientos relacionados con la organización de la producción cerámica en tiempos del tardío local y de la dominación estatal incaica.<br /><br /><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>We examined late ceramic components in the La Chanchería area (Uspallata Valley, Northwest Mendoza) through morphometric and decorative analysis. We followed criteria for selecting and obtaining the MNV (minimal number of vessels) and we shaped a characterization for each ceramic style, taking into account morphology, volume, material and decorative patterns. We believe that each technological style is a way of making, habits and appropriate skills in a certain time and place. We can also say that it has a social meaningful relationship. If we compare this archaeological material to others in the same area, we find that there are related behaviors with the organization of ceramic production in the late times and in state Inca domination times.</p>

Izgubljeni u tranziciji: problem prelaza ranog/srednjeg u kasni neolit centralnog Balkana u jugoslovenskoj/srpskoj arheologiji druge polovine XX veka

Numerous Neolithic sites from the territory of modern Serbia and adjacent areas have traditionally been attributed, on the grounds of the archaeological finds, to two “cultures” – Starčevo and Vinča. Their definition and relativechronological demarcation have been based upon the extreme abundance of pottery finds; unsurprisingly, the issues of transition between “early” and “late” Neolithic have also been treated from the culture-historical point of view, above all according to the qualities of shards. Differing opinions concerning the role of the Central Balkans in the process of transition led to several different solutions to the problem.By the end of 1990s, the issue of the Neolithic transition has been totally neglected, in spite of the fact that extensive field research has been conducted since then and a number of new sites have been identified. On the other hand, the current archaeological approaches treating the variability of archaeological material (pottery) and interpretation based upon the analysis of technological style with the aim to identify social groups, i.e. group identities, would be highly appropriate for the study of transition processes. Pottery is still crucial, but not as a corpus of material with certain typological characteristics, but as a source of information on socially conditioned practices (techniques of production, ways of learning and transferring knowledge), as the consequences of specific traditions. The research into the problem of the Neolithic transition from this angle would offer answers to crucial, but yet unresolved questions.

Ατμοκίνηση στην Ελλάδα του 19ου αιώνα

This PhD dissertation studies the history of steam locomotives purchased and used by the Greek railway companies in the period 1868-1909, that is the period between the start and completion of the Greek railroad network construction.It explores the types and quality of these locomotives, their tracking effort and the countries they were imported from. From these findings, the dissertation searches whether a specific technological style (by purchase and use) emerges in the Greek railroad system, in both the companies and in national scale.Finally, it examines whether the choices of the Greek companies were reasonable, whether the use of the locomotives was the proper one, and places the Greek practice in the international, especially the European, railway context of the era.