Tracking consumption at Pompeii: the graffiti lists

This paper examines five graffiti expense lists from Pompeii for information on the habits of consumption in the Vesuvian cities. It is intended as a contribution to the growing literature on economic well-being in Pompeii, focusing on the diet and consumption strategies of the nonelite Roman majority. These lists provide rare quantitative evidence for a portion of a whole diet, as well as nonfood expenses. They also shed light on the place of cereals in the overall Vesuvian diet, the importance of consumer goods, and cycles of plenty and want.

An Annuitization Problem in the Tax-Deferred Annuity Model

This paper examines the optimal annuitization, investment, and consumption strategies of an individual facing a time-dependent mortality rate in the tax-deferred annuity model and considers both the case when the rate of buying annuities is unrestricted and the case when it is restricted. At the beginning, by using the dynamic programming principle, we obtain the corresponding HJB equation. Since the existence of the tax and the time-dependence of the value function make the corresponding HJB equation hard to solve, firstly, we analyze the problem in a simpler case and use some numerical methods to get the solution and some of its useful properties. Then, by using the obtained properties and Kuhn–Tucker conditions, we discuss the problem in general cases and get the value functions and the optimal annuitization strategies, respectively.

Audience Views on Professional Norms of Journalism. A Media Repertoire Approach

Despite several studies showing discrepancies between audience expectations of journalism and journalists’ professional norms, what remains largely unknown is the audience view on the adherence of journalism to these seemingly essential professional norms. Recent research mainly focused on analysing audience expectations within the context of specific cases. Moreover, these studies rarely take into consideration characteristics that might shape people’s views on journalism such as political ideology. This article seeks to complement these studies by exploring the impact that a user’s news consumption might have on their expectations of journalism. Utilizing data from an online survey among a representative sample of the Flemish audience, we analyse views on adherence to the main professional norms by the Flemish media, and subsequently relate these to news consumption. To grasp the cross- and multi-medial news consumer, we use a news repertoire approach. Flemish news repertoires differ significantly in views on several professional journalistic norms. By linking these distinct news repertoires to their views on professional norms of journalism, we first question how essential these professional norms put forward by journalists really are. Secondly, we discuss if expectations of journalism result in divergent news consumption strategies or vice versa, laying the groundwork for further exploring audience views on professional journalistic norms.

Nutrition education and changes in mother's behavior towards fulfillment of vegetable and fruit consumption strategies in preschool children

The nutritional needs of preschool children are very important for their growth and development. However, the problem is the low consumption of preschool children for fruits and vegetables, so it requires special strategies, for that the role of the family is very important. This study aims to determine the impact of nutrition education and changes in mother's behavior towards the fulfillment of vegetable and fruit consumption strategies in pre-school children. This research uses quasi-experimental and observational methods, observations were carried out on 30 September 2019 on 44 preschool children. Data collection was carried out on September 20, 2019, in Early Childhood Education SB in 50 mothers of preschool children. The data is processed in stages; editing, coding, transferring and tabulating. Univariate data analysis in the form of frequency distribution tables, paired t-test statistical test. The results showed an average value of knowledge before the intervention (p= 0,000). Observation results show that after nutrition education was given, only 31,8% of preschool children were given vegetable and fruit supplies or processed food vegetables and fruits by the mother when going to school. The conclusion of the study is nutrition education on maternal strategies in increasing consumption of vegetables and fruit in preschool children in early childhood education effectively changing maternal knowledge but has not had a comprehensive impact on changes in mother’s behavior

Time as a Subject in Sustainable Consumption

The aim of this paper was to assess the use and consistency of the time concept in the sustainable consumption context. In this field, time is generally defined as a limited resource, such as money, which is allocated to activities and understood by the activities that it is allocated to. We assessed time as a subject matter in the reviewed articles to verify how it was conceptualized and used in sustainable consumption. During this analysis, we defined six categories: time-use, time of use, time-related rebound effects, time-related value-action gap, time pressure, and time-related well-being. Despite identical definitions, there are some inconsistencies in the essential assumptions regarding time, and we observed that the current recognition of time in sustainable consumption debates is not comprehensive. Clarifying the difference between an objective definition of time and the practical knowledge that people have about time has applications in terms of developing sustainable consumption strategies and policies.

Time-Consistent Investment and Consumption Strategies under a General Discount Function

In the present paper, we investigate the Merton portfolio management problem in the context of non-exponential discounting, a context that gives rise to time-inconsistency of the decision-maker. We consider equilibrium policies within the class of open-loop controls that are characterized, in our context, by means of a variational method which leads to a stochastic system that consists of a flow of forward-backward stochastic differential equations and an equilibrium condition. An explicit representation of the equilibrium policies is provided for the special cases of power, logarithmic and exponential utility functions.

Technological Changes in Consumption Strategies in Modern Tourism

The article analyzes the strategic impact of the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, on the tourism sector of the world economy. The content of technology packages 4.0., the impact of the technological transition on the competitiveness of Russian tourism are described. The relevant resolutions of international tourism organizations are discussed, Megatrends of future tourism. A critical assessment of the main provisions of the Strategy for the development of Russian tourism until 2035 has been made. Examples of implementation of technological and social Megatrends in the world tourism and in the regions of Russia industry are given. The results of research of the world's leading enterprises on the revealing of preferences and wishes of modern tourists, the value of digital services for them, and ways to choose locations are studied. Differences in the expectations and preferences of travelers of different ages are formulated. The parameters of technological features of modern tourists and the list of main studies of technological changes at the present stage of production of tourist products are formed.

Penggunaan E-wallet dalam Membentuk Perilaku Konsumsi Mahasiswa

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The reasearch is to analyze the consumption behavior of students of the Department Development Economics batch 2018 Universitas Negeri Malang who used e-wallet type linkaja and was conducted by using qualitative approach of phenomenology, since researcher analyzed deeply of the use e-wallet in shaping the consumption behavior of students. Research informants was active students majoring in Development Economics batch 2018. The results showed that, overall the use of e-wallet linkaja by students formed rational consumption behavior. The results of the study were reviewed from the intensity of e-wallet use, TAM acceptance, student consumption strategies in terms of financial management, consumption decision making and rational consumption activity of students.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong><em> </em>Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perilaku konsumsi mahasiswa jurusan Ekonomi Pembangunan Angkatan 2018 Universitas Negeri Malang yang menggunakan <em>e-wallet</em> jenis <em>linkaja</em>. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif jenis fenomenologi karena peneliti menganalisis lebih dalam fenomena penggunaan <em>e-wallet<strong> </strong></em>dalam membentuk perilaku konsumsi mahasiswa. Informan penelitian adalah mahasiswa aktif jurusan Ekonomi Pembangunan Angkatan 2018 Universitas Negeri Malang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa<strong> s</strong>ecara keseluruhan penggunaan <em>e-wallet</em> <em>linkaja</em> oleh mahasiswa membentuk perilaku konsumsi yang rasional. Hasil penelitian tersebut ditinjau dari intensitas penggunaan <em>e-wallet</em>, penerimaan TAM, strategi konsumsi mahasiswa yang ditinjau dari pengelolaan keuangan, pengambilan keputusan konsumsi mahasiswa, serta aktivitas konsumsi rasional mahasiswa.