THE DEPENDENCE OF THE COEFFICIENT OF EFFICIENCY (CE) OF THE HEATING INSTALLATION “EFI” UPON THE INITIAL TEMPERATURE OF THE HEAT-CARRYING AGENT

The purpose of the study is to determine the increase in the efficiency of the electrophysical ionization device on a scientific basis, which produces thermal energy based on the regularity of the electrophysical ionization process. This research article discusses the dependence of the amount of thermal energy obtained in the device of electrophysical ionization on temperature. It is noted that if in the case of the traditional method of heating the substance used in the heating industry, the relative heat capacity of the substance is important, then when heated by an unconventional method, in other words, the temperature of the substance is important in the electrophysical ionization device. This indicator, determined on the basis of the experiment, emphasizes the need to apply depending on the correct choice of the physical parameters of the substance the electrophysical ionization method for the efficient production of thermal energy in the heating industry from the heat-carrying substance. Although the heating of water is mainly carried out using various well-known traditional and non-traditional methods, the natural law of heating water is unique. This law notes the dependence of the magnitude of changes in the internal energy of water in a certain volume of heated water and on the speed of movement of this mass. Considering from the point of view of the regularity of the above direction, it is noted that in order to compare the water heated by the traditional method, appropriate calculations have been made.

Technique for Calculating the Efficiency of Operation for Solar Collector Systems

According to the proposed method, the optimal connections of collector systems were investigated, and the hydrodynamic characteristics and efficiency of the solar water heating installation were determined. A graph of the heating versus time was plotted for various values of the number of collectors. The dependence of the change in the heat transfer coefficient of the tank-accumulator on the thickness of the heat-insulating material is obtained. On the basis of a mathematical model, a computer program was compiled in the Delphi 7 environment, which allows to determine the main characteristics and parameters of a solar water heating installation.

Optimization of the Geometric Parameters of the Thermal Insulation of the Heating System by Using Multi-Pipe Circular Thermal Insulation

The publication presents a design solution for circular multi-pipe thermal insulation and an example of an existing heating installation consisting of six individual heating pipes in the building of the Bialystok University of Technology. In the paper, the arrangement of six heating system pipes in circular thermal insulation was designed in such a way that one heating pipe is centrally located in the circular thermal insulation, the other five heating pipes are located at the vertices of a regular pentagon inside the circular thermal insulation. Heat loss calculations were made using the Boundary Elements Method (BEM) with the actual boundary conditions in the room where the existing heating installation is located. Additionally, the ecological effect was determined in the form of reduction of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere resulting from heat losses for the developed multi-pipe thermal insulation. The calculation results showed a significant reduction in heat losses as a result of the use of multi-pipe thermal insulation in relation to the existing single heating installation. The use of multi-pipe insulation undoubtedly follows the trend of energy-saving heat transport and is an alternative to the commonly used single pipes.

Comparison of Solar Collector Testing Methods—Theory and Practice

One of the most important problems of operating solar heating systems involves variable efficiency depending on operating conditions. This problem is more pronounced in hybrid energy systems, where a solar installation cooperates with other segments based on conventional carriers of energy or renewable sources of energy. The operating cost of each segment of a hybrid system depends mainly on the resulting efficiency of solar installation. For over 40 years, the procedures of testing solar collectors have been undergoing development, testing, comparison and verification in order to create a procedure that would allow determining the thermal behavior of a solar collector without performing expensive and complicated experimental tests, usually based on the steady state condition. The proper determination of the static and dynamic properties of a solar collector is of key significance, as they constitute a basis for the design of a solar heating installation, as well as a control system. It is therefore important to conduct simulating and operating tests enabling the performance of a comparative analysis intended to indicate the degree to which the static and dynamic properties of a solar collector depend on the method used for their determination. The paper compares the static and dynamic properties of a flat solar collector determined by means of various methods. Based on the produced results, it has been concluded that the static and dynamic properties of a collector determined using various methods may differ from each other even by 50%. This means that it is possible to increase the efficiency of a solar heating installation via the use of an adaptive control algorithm, enabling real-time calculation of the values of characteristic parameters of solar installation, e.g., the time constant under operating conditions.

Analysis of the Advisability of Using Solar Collectors in a Single-Family House in Poland and Spain

In this paper we show the advisability of usage of solar collectors for domestic hot water (DHW) preparation in buildings located in two countries: Poland and Spain. The analysis was conducted for a single-family house with horizontal roof. During the calculations we took into account factors depending on the building location such as national rules, climatic conditions, cost of system installation, and fuel and electricity prices. Based on the total design heat losses and demand for DHW, the demand for usable energy for heating the buildings and DHW preparation was calculated. A gas boiler was selected as the heat source of the building, and solar collectors (flat-plate and vacuum pipe) were chosen as the source of DHW preparation. Installation investment costs and annual operating costs have been stamped. Calculations show that for buildings located in Spain, heat losses were 36.5% lower and the demand for thermal power for DHW was 59.5% lower than for buildings located in Poland. Annual operating costs of the heating installation for both buildings were at similar levels, due to high fuel prices in Spain, while the operating costs of DHW installations were 28.2% higher for locations in Poland. The results show that the use of solar collectors in Poland is economically justified.