Evaluation tools of current certification: control issues revealing theoretical training of a resident in the specialty «Medical and social expertise and medical and social rehabilitation»

For certification of students for compliance with the requirements of the professional educational program, funds of evaluation funds are created, which allow to evaluate knowledge, skills and mastered competencies. In addition, they should become an effective means of training and mastering the work program (module). The goal of the WCF is, first of all, to create conditions for the development of competencies among students for successful professional implementation. Control questions developed to identify the theoretical training of students allow you to evaluate basic knowledge, logic and other communication skills.

Cut elimination for knowledge logic with interaction

In the article the multimodal logic Tn with central agent interaction axiom is analysed. The Hilbert type calculi is presented, then Gentzen type calculi with cut is derived and the proof of cutelimination theorem is outlined. The work shows that it is possible to construct a Gentzen type calculi without cut for this logic.

Modern vision of Roman Jakobson’s classical theory of indexical symbols

Despite active implementing of Roman Jakobson’s classical term «indexical symbol» relating to pronouns, the analysis of Charles Pierce’s theory, which is the pillar of Jakobson’s ideas, puts this term in doubt. As Pierce’s works have defined approaches to any language research so far, their study is relevant due to the growing role of communication.The Theoretical Background of this article is Pierce’s theory of signs, the statements of which are conferred with Jakobson’s ideas using analytical-comparative method.The Study Procedure includes exposition and analysis of Jakobson’s theory five statements.The Study Results are the substantiation of their nonderivability from Pierce’s theory considering modern scientific knowledge logic.1,4. Pronouns are linked to the object denoted conventionally and existentially, so they are indexical symbols.The objects of pronouns and nouns (symbols) are different. Unlike a noun a pronoun doesn’t denote a class of things.Index existential relation doesn’t combine with conventional and ontological symbol relations, creating instead of relations between a sign and an object a vector of attention focusing on a real object having concrete coordinates as incentive to revise a symbol ontological aspect.2. «I» means «person uttering «I».It’s true from the viewpoint of the other person denoting an uttering person as «he/she». If we consider «I» to be a symbol, a person denoting himself/herself like «I», opposes to himself/herself himself/herself as a person whom he/she can denote like «he/she», which is logically inacceptable. And the evident «neighborhood» of Index and Symbol and the latent presence of Symbol in the evident Index are impossible in Pierce’s system.3. Any shifter has its own general meaning.According to Pierce, Indexes have a general meaning, but Symbols have a general meaning and a general concept.5. Indexical symbols overlap code and message.In Jakobson’s theory a code is a sign system, so a pronoun can be any sign. Summarizing, by contrast with Jakobson’s theory of «indexical symbol», Pierce’s ideas allow distinguishing symbol and index considering their objects and character of their relation with objects and define peculiarities of symbol and index interaction in language and speech, so they seem promising for studying a sign nature of pronouns.

Evaluation tools of current certification: control issues revealing theoretical training of a resident in the specialty «medical and social expertise and medical and social rehabilitation»

For certification of students for compliance with the requirements of the professional educational program, funds of evaluation funds are created, which allow to evaluate knowledge, skills and mastered competencies. In addition, they should become an effective means of training and mastering the work program (module). The goal of the WCF is, first of all, to create conditions for the development of competencies among students for successful professional implementation. Control questions developed to identify the theoretical training of students allow you to evaluate basic knowledge, logic and other communication skills.

Epidemiology and Clinical Epidemiology

Epidemiology is a medical discipline in which the subject of study is a group of individuals who share some common feature. It is very useful to measure and quantify the level of health in populations; describe diseases; identify determinants of disease; act on the control and prevention of these; and to take action planning and evaluation health. Meanwhile, clinical epidemiology is the application of epidemiological principles and methods to problems in clinical practice; and its purpose is to promote methods of observation and interpretation that lead to valid conclusions. For the socalled father of clinical epidemiology, this is a "Science of art of medicine". Science, because it is based on knowledge, logic and previous experience that has no explanation. And art, because it is based on beliefs, judgments and intuitions without explanation. The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the differences between epidemiology and clinical epidemiology; as well as the following concepts: epidemiological object, method and epidemiological strategy.

Deconstruction

Although the term is often used interchangeably (and loosely) alongside others like ‘post-structuralism’ and ‘postmodernism’, deconstruction differs from these other movements. Unlike post-structuralism, its sources lie squarely within the tradition of Western philosophical debate about truth, knowledge, logic, language and representation. Where post-structuralism follows the linguist Saussure – or its own version of Saussure – in espousing a radically conventionalist (hence sceptical and relativist) approach to these issues, deconstruction pursues a more complex and critical path, examining the texts of philosophy with an eye to their various blindspots and contradictions. Where postmodernism blithely declares an end to the typecast ‘Enlightenment’ or ‘modernist’ project of truth-seeking rational enquiry, deconstruction preserves the critical spirit of Enlightenment thought while questioning its more dogmatic or complacent habits of belief. It does so primarily through the close reading of philosophical and other texts and by drawing attention to the moments of ‘aporia’ (unresolved tension or conflict) that tend to be ignored by mainstream exegetes. Yet this is not to say (as its detractors often do) that deconstruction is a kind of all-licensing textualist ‘freeplay’ which abandons every last standard of interpretive fidelity, rigour or truth. At any rate it is a charge that finds no warrant in the writings of those – Jacques Derrida and Paul de Man chief among them – whose work is discussed below.

Logic in Islamic philosophy

Islamic logic was inspired primarily by Aristotle’s logical corpus, the Organon (which according to a late Greek taxonomy also included the Rhetoric and Poetics). Islamic authors were also familiar with some elements in Stoic logic and linguistic theory, and their logical sources included not only Aristotle’s own works but also the works of the late Greek Aristotelian commentators, the Isagōgēof Porphyry and the logical writings of Galen. However, most of the logical work of the Islamic philosophers remained squarely within the tradition of Aristotelian logic, and most of their writings in this area were in the form of commentaries on Aristotle. For the Islamic philosophers, logic included not only the study of formal patterns of inference and their validity but also elements of the philosophy of language and even of epistemology and metaphysics. Because of territorial disputes with the Arabic grammarians, Islamic philosophers were very interested in working out the relationship between logic and language, and they devoted much discussion to the question of the subject matter and aims of logic in relation to reasoning and speech. In the area of formal logical analysis, they elaborated upon the theory of terms, propositions and syllogisms as formulated in Aristotle’s Categories, De interpretatione and Prior Analytics. In the spirit of Aristotle, they considered the syllogism to be the form to which all rational argumentation could be reduced, and they regarded syllogistic theory as the focal point of logic. Even poetics was considered as a syllogistic art in some fashion by most of the major Islamic Aristotelians. Since logic was viewed as an organon or instrument by which to acquire knowledge, logic in the Islamic world also incorporated a general theory of argumentation focused upon epistemological aims. This element of Islamic logic centred upon the theory of demonstration found in Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics, since demonstration was considered the ultimate goal sought by logic. Other elements of the theory of argumentation, such as dialectics and rhetoric, were viewed as secondary to demonstration, since it was held that these argument forms produced cognitive states inferior in certitude and stability to demonstration. The philosopher’s aim was ultimately to demonstrate necessary and certain truth; the use of dialectical and rhetorical arguments was accounted for as preparatory to demonstration, as defensive of its conclusions, or as aimed at communicating its results to a broader audience.

Narrative Complexity and Dissonant Cognitions

Chapter 3 describes how impossible puzzle films create paradoxical, incongruent or impossible narrative experiences. To understand the nature of the confusion these films create, this chapter adopts Leon Festinger’s original theory on the psychological state of cognitive dissonance (1957) and argues that the perplexing effects of impossible puzzle films can be understood as cognitive dissonances. These films strategically evoke and maintain dissonant cognitions in their viewers through internal incongruities (contradictions in their narration) and projected impossibilities (narrative structures or elements that disrupt the elementary knowledge, logic and schemas that viewers use to make sense of both real life and fiction). Along with more recent insights from embodied-cognitive sciences and narratology, cognitive dissonance theory offers us a tool to explain the effects that impossible puzzle films have on viewers.

Two complete finitary sequent calculi for reflexive common knowledge

This paper discusses the use of complete sequent calculi for reflexive common knowledge logic. Description of language and complete infinitary calculus for RCL is presented. Then finitary calculi RCLI and RCLL are introduced and completeness of finitary calculi RCLI and RCLL is proven.