Goal-directed graph construction using reinforcement learning

Graphs can be used to represent and reason about systems and a variety of metrics have been devised to quantify their global characteristics. However, little is currently known about how to construct a graph or improve an existing one given a target objective. In this work, we formulate the construction of a graph as a decision-making process in which a central agent creates topologies by trial and error and receives rewards proportional to the value of the target objective. By means of this conceptual framework, we propose an algorithm based on reinforcement learning and graph neural networks to learn graph construction and improvement strategies. Our core case study focuses on robustness to failures and attacks, a property relevant for the infrastructure and communication networks that power modern society. Experiments on synthetic and real-world graphs show that this approach can outperform existing methods while being cheaper to evaluate. It also allows generalization to out-of-sample graphs, as well as to larger out-of-distribution graphs in some cases. The approach is applicable to the optimization of other global structural properties of graphs.

Cut elimination for knowledge logic with interaction

In the article the multimodal logic Tn with central agent interaction axiom is analysed. The Hilbert type calculi is presented, then Gentzen type calculi with cut is derived and the proof of cutelimination theorem is outlined. The work shows that it is possible to construct a Gentzen type calculi without cut for this logic.

La originalidad de la economía marginalista de Jeremy Bentham

In this paper, we present some Bentham’s theory features that make him precursor of marginalist economics. The author described the ideas of decreasing marginal utility and equimarginality, he made a commodity classification that distinguished between an upper and a lower class of goods depending on the proximity to use and his defi-nition of property as an expectation of possession lead him to develop an economic theory based on individual information search. At the same time, he attached special importance to the figure of the innovative entrepreneur and described the market as a discovery process in which the central agent is the entrepreneur. Key words: Bentham, marginalist economics, entrepreneur. Clasificación JEL: B12. Resumen: En este artículo, se demuestra que la teoría de Jeremy Bentham es precursora de la economía marginalista. El autor intro-dujo las ideas de utilidad marginal decreciente, la equimarginalidad en el intercambio, realizó una clasificación entre bienes superiores e inferiores y su definición de la propiedad como una expectativa de pose-sión le llevó a desarrollar una teoría económica basada en la búsqueda individual de información. Así mismo, dio especial importancia a la figura del empresario innovador y describió el mercado como un pro-ceso de descubrimiento en que el agente central es el empresario. Palabras clave: Bentham, economía marginalista, empresario.

Hauntology of the Machinic

The chapter observes the distinction between the mechanical and the machinic, and moves beyond the metaphors of android (Metropolis), or cyborg (Donna Haraway), and considers how the machinic has brought new cognitive patterns for human subjects to interact with their environment and others. Artists' dislocation from the central agent of production has opened passages for the posthuman mode of production. Consequently, the machine has become an integral part of artwork and of the artist. Contrary to this development, some artists retain the machine's materiality as a form of Other. The chapter argues that the machine remains as a form of externalization of the Other within the human subject.

Cost-Effective Incentive Allocation via Structured Counterfactual Inference

We address a practical problem ubiquitous in modern marketing campaigns, in which a central agent tries to learn a policy for allocating strategic financial incentives to customers and observes only bandit feedback. In contrast to traditional policy optimization frameworks, we take into account the additional reward structure and budget constraints common in this setting, and develop a new two-step method for solving this constrained counterfactual policy optimization problem. Our method first casts the reward estimation problem as a domain adaptation problem with supplementary structure, and then subsequently uses the estimators for optimizing the policy with constraints. We also establish theoretical error bounds for our estimation procedure and we empirically show that the approach leads to significant improvement on both synthetic and real datasets.

Mobile-Oriented Future Internet: Implementation and Experimentations over EU–Korea Testbed

Today’s mobility management (MM) architectures, such as Mobile Internet Protocol (IP) and Proxy Mobile IP, feature integration of data and control planes, as well as centralized mobility control. In the existing architecture, however, the tight integration of the data and control planes can induce a non-optimal routing path, because data packets are delivered via a central mobility agent, such as Home Agent and Local Mobility Anchor. Furthermore, the centralized mobility control mechanism tends to increase traffic overhead due to the processing of both data and control packets at a central agent. To address these problems, a new Internet architecture for the future mobile network was proposed, named Mobile-Oriented Future Internet (MOFI). The MOFI architecture was mainly designed as follows: (1) separation of data and control planes for getting an optimal data path; (2) distributed identifier–locator mapping control for alleviating traffic overhead at a central agent. In this article, we investigate the validity of the MOFI architecture through implementation and experimentations over the European Union (EU)–Korea testbed network. For this purpose, the MOFI architecture is implemented using OpenFlow and Click Modular Router over a Linux platform, and then it is evaluated over the locally and internationally configured EU–Korea testbed network. In particular, we operate two realistic communication scenarios over the EU–Korea testbed network. From the experimentation results, we can see that the proposed MOFI architecture can not only provide the mobility management efficiently, but also support the backward compatibility for the current IP version 6 (IPv6) applications and an Internet Protocol network.

The Beginnings of Resistance

With this chapter, the book transitions from a presentation of Bonhoeffer’s political thinking to an account of his resistance thinking in action. This chapter also begins the presentation of the first of the three phases of resistance, which lasts from 1932 until 1935. The chapter focuses on “The Church and the Jewish Question” (1933), the central text of this first phase, identifying in it the first two of Bonhoeffer’s six types of resistance: individual and humanitarian resistance to state injustice (type 1) and the church’s resistance through diaconal service to the victims of state injustice (type 2). These set the stage for Chapters 6–8’s considerations of resistance through the church’s preaching office, which is the central agent of resistance in the first phase.

Removing Impediments to Sustainable Economic Development: The Case of Corruption

This paper examines causes and consequences of corruption within the process of economic development. Drawing on experiences and insights accumulated during the post-war period and reflected in a growing body of academic research, the paper analyzes institutional mechanisms that sustain corruption and the impact of corruption on development. It argues that many forms of corruption stem from the distributional attributes of the state in its role as the economy's central agent of resource allocation. It also addresses the question of what can be done about corruption and discusses the role of economic policies in developing incentives and institutions to reduce its incidence.