symmetric channel
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Latif Sarker ◽  
Md Fazlul Kader ◽  
Md Mostafa Kamal Sarker ◽  
Moon Lee ◽  
Dong Han

Abstract In this article, we present a black-hole-aided deep-helix (bh-dh) channel model to enhance information bound and mitigate a multiple-helix directional issue in Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) communications. The recent observations of DNA do not match with Shannon bound due to their multiple-helix directional issue. Hence, we propose a bh-dh channel model in this paper. The proposed bh-dh channel model follows a similar fashion of DNA and enriches the earlier DNA observations as well as achieving a composite like information bound. To do successfully the proposed bh-dh channel model, we first define a black-hole-aided Bernoulli-process and then consider a symmetric bh-dh channel model. After that, the geometric and graphical insight shows the resemblance of the proposed bh-dh channel model in DNA and Galaxy layout. In our exploration, the proposed bh-dh symmetric channel geometrically sketches a deep-pair-ellipse when a deep-pair information bit or digit is distributed in the proposed channel. Furthermore, the proposed channel graphically shapes as a beautiful circulant ring. The ring contains a central-hole, which looks like a central-black-hole of a Galaxy. The coordinates of the inner-ellipses denote a deep-double helix, and the coordinates of the outer-ellipses sketch a deep-parallel strand. Finally, the proposed bh-dh symmetric channel significantly outperforms the traditional binary-symmetric channel and is verified by computer simulations in terms of Shannon entropy and capacity bound.


2022 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Frank Schiller ◽  
Dan Judd ◽  
Peerasan Supavatanakul ◽  
Tina Hardt ◽  
Felix Wieczorek

Abstract A fundamental measure of safety communication is the residual error probability, i. e., the probability of undetected errors. For the detection of data errors, typically a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is applied, and the resulting residual error probability is determined based on the Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) model. The use of this model had been questioned since several error types cannot be sufficiently described. Especially the increasing introduction of security algorithms into underlying communication layers requires a more adequate channel model. This paper introduces an enhanced model that extends the list of considered data error types by combining the BSC model with a Uniformly Distributed Segments (UDS) model. Although models beyond BSC are applied, the hitherto method of the calculation of the residual error probability can be maintained.


Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Arthur Américo ◽  
MHR Khouzani ◽  
Pasquale Malacaria

This work introduces channel-supermodular entropies, a subset of quasi-concave entropies. Channel-supermodularity is a property shared by some of the most commonly used entropies in the literature, including Arimoto–Rényi conditional entropies (which include Shannon and min-entropy as special cases), k-tries entropies, and guessing entropy. Based on channel-supermodularity, new preorders for channels that strictly include degradedness and inclusion (or Shannon ordering) are defined, and these preorders are shown to provide a sufficient condition for the more-capable and capacity ordering, not only for Shannon entropy but also regarding analogous concepts for other entropy measures. The theory developed is then applied in the context of query anonymization. We introduce a greedy algorithm based on channel-supermodularity for query anonymization and prove its optimality, in terms of information leakage, for all symmetric channel-supermodular entropies.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Latif Sarker ◽  
Md. Fazlul Kader ◽  
Md. Mostafa Kamal Sarker ◽  
Moon Ho Lee ◽  
Dong Seog Han

Abstract In this article, we present a black-hole-aided deep-helix (bh-dh) channel model to enhance information bound and mitigate a multiple-helix directional issue in Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) communications. The recent observations of DNA do not match with Shannon bound due to their multiple-helix directional issue. Hence, we propose a bh-dh channel model in this paper. The proposed bh-dh channel model follows a similar fashion of DNA and enriches the earlier DNA observations as well as achieving a composite like information bound. To do successfully the proposed bh-dh channel model, we first define a black-hole-aided Bernoulli-process and then consider a symmetric bh-dh channel model. After that, the geometric and graphical insight shows the resemblance of the proposed bh-dh channel model in DNA and Galaxy layout. In our exploration, the proposed bh-dh symmetric channel geometrically sketches a deep-pair-ellipse when a deep-pair information bit or digit is distributed in the proposed channel. Furthermore, the proposed channel graphically shapes as a beautiful circulant ring. The ring contains a central-hole, which looks like a central-black-hole of a Galaxy. The coordinates of the inner-ellipses denote a deep-double helix, and the coordinates of the outer-ellipses sketch a deep-parallel strand. Finally, the proposed bh-dh symmetric channel significantly outperforms the traditional binary-symmetric channel and is verified by computer simulations in terms of Shannon entropy and capacity bound.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Latif Sarker ◽  
Md. Fazlul Kader ◽  
Md. Mostafa Kamal Sarker ◽  
Moon Ho Lee ◽  
Dong

Abstract In this article, we present a black-hole-aided deep-helix (bh-dh) channel model to enhance information bound and mitigate a multiple-helix directional issue in Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) communications. The recent observations of DNA do not match with Shannon bound due to their multiple-helix directional issue. Hence, we propose a bh-dh channel model in this paper. The proposed bh-dh channel model follows a similar fashion of DNA and enriches the earlier DNA observations as well as achieving a composite like information bound. To do successfully the proposed bh-dh channel model, we first define a black-hole-aided Bernoulli-process and then consider a symmetric bh-dh channel model. After that, the geometric and graphical insight shows the resemblance of the proposed bh-dh channel model in DNA and Galaxy layout. In our exploration, the proposed bh-dh symmetric channel geometrically sketches a deep-pair-ellipse when a deep-pair information bit or digit is distributed in the proposed channel. Furthermore, the proposed channel graphically shapes as a beautiful circulant ring. The ring contains a central-hole, which looks like a central-black-hole of a Galaxy. The coordinates of the inner-ellipses denote a deep-double helix, and the coordinates of the outer-ellipses sketch a deep-parallel strand. Finally, the proposed bh-dh symmetric channel significantly outperforms the traditional binary-symmetric channel and is verified by computer simulations in terms of Shannon entropy and capacity bound.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasim Ullah Khan ◽  
Ali Imran ◽  
Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Saeed Ehsan Awan ◽  
...  

AbstractIn the present research, a novel mathematical model for the motion of cilia using non-linear rheological fluid in a symmetric channel is developed. The strength of analytical perturbation technique is employed for the solution of proposed physical process using mectachoronal rhythm based on Cilia induced flow for pseudo plastic nano fluid model by considering the low Reynolds number and long wave length approximation phenomena. The role of ciliary motion for the fluid transport in various animals is explained. Analytical expressions are gathered for stream function, concentration, temperature profiles, axial velocity, and pressure gradient. Whereas, transverse velocity, pressure rise per wave length, and frictional force on the wall of the tubule are investigated with aid of numerical computations and their outcomes are demonstrated graphically. A comprehensive analysis for comparison of Perturb and numerical solution is done. This analysis validates the analytical solution.


Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Simone Guadagli ◽  
Liviu Iulian Palade ◽  
Lorenzo Fusi ◽  
Angiolo Farina

Widely used for modeling biological fluids flows—in particular, blood vessel flows—a Casson flow is studied in a symmetric channel for which the aspect ratio enables one to use the lubrication approximation. Two flow driving conditions are prescribed: inlet–outlet pressure difference and peristaltic oscillations of the vessel walls. In both cases, starting from mass and momentum balance and using lubrication approximation, we investigate the conditions to be imposed on the driving mechanisms so that the inner plug does not come in touch with the walls. The study of the peristaltic flow is of great importance in view of its applications in physiology (including microcirculation applications).


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunanshu Mahapatro ◽  
sangeeta Sa

<div>Rendezvous is a critical step in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) prior to transmission for establishing communication links between secondary users (SUs). Due to the long-term blocking, channel saturation, and scalability issues encountered by dedicated common control channels (CCC) in a distributed CRN, rendezvous is preferable on the available idle channels of the primary users (PUs). In fact, each SU is unaware of the other SUs’ available channel sets, and the blind rendezvous is performed through the channel hopping (CH) process. As a result, ensuring a rendezvous between two SUs in a finite period in an asynchronous environment remains a challenging problem. In this work, a disjoint difference set based CH (DDSCH) method is developed that ensures the highest degree of rendezvous in comparatively less time. </div>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunanshu Mahapatro ◽  
sangeeta Sa

<div>Rendezvous is a critical step in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) prior to transmission for establishing communication links between secondary users (SUs). Due to the long-term blocking, channel saturation, and scalability issues encountered by dedicated common control channels (CCC) in a distributed CRN, rendezvous is preferable on the available idle channels of the primary users (PUs). In fact, each SU is unaware of the other SUs’ available channel sets, and the blind rendezvous is performed through the channel hopping (CH) process. As a result, ensuring a rendezvous between two SUs in a finite period in an asynchronous environment remains a challenging problem. In this work, a disjoint difference set based CH (DDSCH) method is developed that ensures the highest degree of rendezvous in comparatively less time. </div>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyes Balti

Reed-Solomon and related codes have recently become very important for erasure correction in large disk arrays used in data centers. In this paper, we will implement a 3-error correcting Reed-Solomon encoder and decoder over the field GF(9) generated by the primitive polynomial D^2 + D + 2 over GF(3) and the decoding is carried out by the Berlekamp. We simulate the encoder and decoder using Monte-Carlo simulations over the 9-ary symmetric channel that outputs the correct symbol with probability (1-p), and outputs one of the other 8 possible incorrect symbols with probability p/8. Then, we compare the simulated probability of symbol error P(E) of out code with the union upper bound.


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