Models of Strategic Decision-Making under Informational Control

A general complex model is considered for collective dynamical strategic decision-making with explicitly interconnected factors reflecting both psychic (internal state) and behavioral (external-action, result of activity) components of agents’ activity under the given environmental and control factors. This model unifies and generalizes approaches of game theory, social psychology, theories of multi-agent systems, and control in organizational systems by simultaneous consideration of both internal and external parameters of the agents. Two special models (of informational control and informational confrontation) contain formal results on controllability and properties of equilibriums. Interpretations of a general model are conformity (threshold behavior), consensus, cognitive dissonance, and other effects with applications to production systems, multi-agent systems, crowd behavior, online social networks, and voting in small and large groups.

THE EFFORTS TO DEVELOP SELF-CONTROL SKILLS TO BECOME AN EFFECTIVE PERSON

Each person strives to mold himself into a mature or effective person. One of the characteristics of a mature or effective person is being able to control every emotion or impulse from within. Self-control is the ability to direct one's own behavior and suppress the various urges that exist. The impulses that appear can be controlled by means of behavioral control, cognitive control, decision control, informational control, and retrospective control. And self-control should follow ethical or moral principles, the principle of awareness, the principle of reflection, the principle of patience, and the principle of distraction towards objects or something else. The objective of this research is to examine the efforts made by individuals to develop the ability to control themselves or control emotions in their lives. To achieve this goal, the researcher conducted a literature study taken from books and journals. The results of the study show three efforts made to develop self-control abilities, namely growing self-awareness, managing one emotion, and trying to become a mature person.

Empowering Anxious Parents to Manage Child Avoidance Behaviors: Randomized Control Trial of a Single-Session Intervention for Parental Accommodation

Background A majority of youth who need anxiety treatment never access support. This disparity reflects a need for more accessible, scalable interventions—particularly those that may prevent anxiety in high-risk children, mitigating future need for higher-intensity care. Self-guided single-session interventions (SSIs) may offer a promising path toward this goal, given their demonstrated clinical utility, potential for disseminability, and low cost. However, existing self-guided SSIs have been designed for completion by adolescents already experiencing symptoms, and their potential for preventing anxiety in children—for instance, by mitigating known anxiety risk factors—remains unexplored. Objective This trial evaluated the acceptability and proximal effects of project EMPOWER: a web-based, self-guided SSI designed to reduce parental accommodation, a parenting behavior known to increase the risk of anxiety in offspring. Methods In total, 301 parents who reported elevated anxiety symptoms with children aged 4-10 years received either project EMPOWER or an informational control (containing psychoeducational materials and resources); parents self-reported their accommodation of child anxiety and overall distress tolerance at baseline and 2-week follow-up. Results Relative to control-group parents, those who received the intervention outlined in project EMPOWER reported significant reductions in their accommodation of child anxiety (ds=0.61; P<.001) and significant increases in their distress tolerance (ds=0.43; P<.001) from baseline to 2-week follow-up. Additionally, parents rated project EMPOWER as highly acceptable (ie, easy to use, helpful, and engaging) in accordance with preregistered benchmarks. Conclusions Project EMPOWER is an acceptable self-guided SSI for parents of children at-risk for anxiety, which yields proximal reductions in clinically relevant targets. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04453865; https://tinyurl.com/4h84j8t9

Empowering Anxious Parents to Manage Child Avoidance Behaviors: Randomized Control Trial of a Single-Session Intervention for Parental Accommodation (Preprint)

BACKGROUND A majority of youth who need anxiety treatment never access support. This disparity reflects a need for more accessible, scalable interventions—particularly those that may prevent anxiety in high-risk children, mitigating future need for higher-intensity care. Self-guided single-session interventions (SSIs) may offer a promising path toward this goal, given their demonstrated clinical utility, potential for disseminability, and low cost. However, existing self-guided SSIs have been designed for completion by adolescents already experiencing symptoms, and their potential for preventing anxiety in children—for instance, by mitigating known anxiety risk factors—remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE This trial evaluated the acceptability and proximal effects of project EMPOWER: a web-based, self-guided SSI designed to reduce parental accommodation, a parenting behavior known to increase the risk of anxiety in offspring. METHODS In total, 301 parents who reported elevated anxiety symptoms with children aged 4-10 years received either project EMPOWER or an informational control (containing psychoeducational materials and resources); parents self-reported their accommodation of child anxiety and overall distress tolerance at baseline and 2-week follow-up. RESULTS Relative to control-group parents, those who received the intervention outlined in project EMPOWER reported significant reductions in their accommodation of child anxiety (<i>d_s</i>=0.61; <i>P</i>&lt;.001) and significant increases in their distress tolerance (<i>d_s</i>=0.43; <i>P</i>&lt;.001) from baseline to 2-week follow-up. Additionally, parents rated project EMPOWER as highly acceptable (ie, easy to use, helpful, and engaging) in accordance with preregistered benchmarks. CONCLUSIONS Project EMPOWER is an acceptable self-guided SSI for parents of children at-risk for anxiety, which yields proximal reductions in clinically relevant targets. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04453865; https://tinyurl.com/4h84j8t9

Empowering Anxious Parents to Manage Child Avoidance Behaviors: Randomized Trial of a Single-Session Intervention for Parent Accommodation

Background: A majority of youth who need anxiety treatment never access support. This disparity reflects a need for more accessible, scalable interventions—particularly those that may prevent anxiety in high-risk children, mitigating future need for higher-intensity care. Self- guided single-session interventions (SSIs) may offer a promising path toward this goal, given their demonstrated clinical utility, potential for disseminability, and low-cost. However, existing self-guided SSIs have been designed for completion by adolescents already experiencing symptoms, and their potential for preventing anxiety in children—for instance, by mitigating known anxiety risk factors—remains unexplored. Methods: This trial evaluated the acceptability and proximal effects of Project EMPOWER: a web-based, self-guided SSI designed to reduce parent accommodation, a parenting behavior known to increase anxiety risk in offspring. 301 parents reporting elevated anxiety symptoms (98.01% mothers) with children ages 4-10 received either Project EMPOWER or an informational control (containing psychoeducational materials and resources); parents self-reported their accommodation of child anxiety and overall distress tolerance at baseline and 2-week follow-up. Results: Relative to control-group parents, parents who received Project EMPOWER reported significant reductions in their accommodation of child anxiety (𝑑𝑠=0.61, p&lt;.001), as well as significant increases in their distress tolerance(𝑑𝑠=0.43, p&lt;.001), from baseline to 2-week follow-up. Additionally, parents who completed Project EMPOWER rated it as highly acceptable (e.g., easy to use, helpful, engaging) per pre-registered benchmarks. Conclusions: Project EMPOWER is an acceptable self-guided SSI for parents of children at-risk for anxiety, yielding proximal reductions in clinically-relevant targets.

Openwashing: A decoupling perspective on organizational transparency

With the rise of digital technologies, organizations are able to produce, process, and transfer large amounts of information at marginal cost. In recent years, these technological developments together with other macro-phenomena like globalization and rising distrust of institutions has led to unprecedented public expectations regarding organizational transparency. In this study I explore the ways in which organizations resolve the tension between a growing norm to share internal information with the public and their inherent preferences for informational control. Through developing the notion of transparency decoupling, I examine how organizations respond strategically to transparency expectations. Drawing on studies of “open data” transparency initiatives in NYC, London, and Berlin, I inductively carve out three modes of institutional information decoupling: (a) selecting the disclosed information to exclude parts of the data or parts of the audience; (b) bending the information in order to retain some control over its representative value; (c) orchestrating new information for a particular audience. The article integrates literature from New Institutional Theory and Transparency Studies in order to contribute to our understanding of how information sharing is realized in the interaction between organizations and their environment.

The Social Media Privacy Model: Privacy and Communication in the Light of Social Media Affordances

Privacy has been defined as the selective control of information sharing, where control is key. For social media, however, an individual user’s informational control has become more difficult. In this theoretical article, I review how the term control is part of theorizing on privacy, and I develop an understanding of online privacy with communication as the core mechanism by which privacy is regulated. The results of this article’s theoretical development are molded into a definition of privacy and the social media privacy model. The model is based on four propositions: Privacy in social media is interdependently perceived and valued. Thus, it cannot always be achieved through control. As an alternative, interpersonal communication is the primary mechanism by which to ensure social media privacy. Finally, trust and norms function as mechanisms that represent crystallized privacy communication. Further materials are available at https://osf.io/xhqjy/

Data protection in the age of welfare conditionality: Respect for basic rights or a race to the bottom?

This article addresses the informational control powers of the state to detect social security fraud as one of the pillars supporting welfare conditionality in Western European states. It sheds light on the question of whether the repressive trend of vastly expanding conditions and sanctions attached to welfare benefits can also be observed in an unwarranted expansion of the adopted control powers of the government. The article begins by highlighting the importance of data protection law in the field of social security. It then provides a normative yardstick for assessing nationally the control powers by analysing the normative criteria set by the EU data protection framework, more specifically with regard to the purpose limitation principle and the transparency rights of individuals. Three case studies are carried out on Germany, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands which investigate the conformity of the control powers of the welfare administration with the basic right to data protection. The article concludes by providing explanations for the diverging level of protection in the examined countries and by recommending strategies for improving the data protection position of welfare beneficiaries.

INFORMATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPMENT IN MEDICAL AID SERVICE OF KRASNODAR REGION

For optimization Krasnodar region medical aid service, it’s developed software global navigational control system. Medical aid team is supported with pads. The research aim: estimate of efficiency and supporting medical aid team mobile computer devices with remote access to “AWP manager” program under Krasnodar region common control room medical aid service. The development of common informational control system of medical aid and medical aid team supporting with pads are improved basic processing indices of its work: time for medical aid teams arrival is reduced, including TA; execution of the call; TA death rate indices are reduced. The development makes it possible to carry out reception, collection of information and data handling automation about the service work and standardization, sorting calls according importance and complexity, controlling the time and the quality of medical aid service and hospitalization.