Development, Validation, and Internal Consistency of the Positive Psychology-Based Acceptance of Illness Scale (PAIS): A Culturally-Appropriate Japanese Measure

Acceptance of illness has been shown to improve the well-being of individuals suffering from chronic illnesses. We developed a new acceptance of illness scale, “Positive Psychology-Based Acceptance of Illness Scale: PAIS,” for HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM) patients, one of the intractable neurological diseases with a chronic course. The validity and internal consistency of this PAIS were examined in 260 HAM patients in Japan. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors with 21 items: “Loving myself as I am”; “Experiencing the grace of illness”; “Feeling a loving connection with others”; and “Developing as a mature person”. Cronbach’s α was .83 to .88, except for Factor 4 which was slightly low at 0.64, and internal consistency was confirmed. A significant correlation was found between the PAIS and the index of convergent validity. The study’s findings are an important step toward a more comprehensive concept of acceptance of illness.

Pedagogiczny testament Profesora Andrzeja Jaczewskiego

The article presents the enormous scientific, organisational and social achievements of Professor Andrzej Jaczewski – the doyen of Polish sexology, doctor and educator. The author recalls the awarding of the Medal of Merit for the Development of Polish Pedagogy, presented by the Chapter of the Committee of Pedagogical Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The author describes and analyses the various fields of the Professor’s activities, referring to available studies and insightful personal accounts. Undisputed, original and significant scientific achievements at the medical and pedagogical junctions, as well as beautiful accounts from his own life and accomplishments set new perspectives for pedagogical sciences, earning the Professor enormous respect from within and beyond his Polish and German academic cohort and peers. The Professor was and remains to many, a physician of the body, mind and spirit. With his unwavering passion and dedication to his students and the scouts, he truly exemplifies and models a path that seeks truth, beauty and doing good. There is a discussion about the shape of Polish education concerning errors in teaching science and biology, wasting children’s abilities in the sciences more than it is commonly believed, the problem of physical and mental “splitting maturation”, the role of adventure in scouting, “becoming” a mature person, the highest grades on secondary school-leaving certificates and young people’s lack of skills in communicating in other languages. In addition, the discussion addresses the competences needed to build social relations, personal courage and responsibility, tolerance and respect for other people, the ability to cooperate and build a community, the catalogue of values in the process of education, integration of education and upbringing processes, theatre, ballet, classical and opera music concerts, popular culture, as well as digital media and human rights to a life of value, sailing and education reforms. The conversation with professor Andrzej Jaczewski at his home in Ropki in the Beskid Niski leads to the conclusion: “We have to invent a new school. A school worthy of our dreams and the fate of our children and grandchildren”. The author treats it as the Professor’s pedagogical will.

THE EFFORTS TO DEVELOP SELF-CONTROL SKILLS TO BECOME AN EFFECTIVE PERSON

Each person strives to mold himself into a mature or effective person. One of the characteristics of a mature or effective person is being able to control every emotion or impulse from within. Self-control is the ability to direct one's own behavior and suppress the various urges that exist. The impulses that appear can be controlled by means of behavioral control, cognitive control, decision control, informational control, and retrospective control. And self-control should follow ethical or moral principles, the principle of awareness, the principle of reflection, the principle of patience, and the principle of distraction towards objects or something else. The objective of this research is to examine the efforts made by individuals to develop the ability to control themselves or control emotions in their lives. To achieve this goal, the researcher conducted a literature study taken from books and journals. The results of the study show three efforts made to develop self-control abilities, namely growing self-awareness, managing one emotion, and trying to become a mature person.

Nature, Society and Homo sapiens: a New Neurosociology of Neurocommunication

Over a new seven-year period, a new personality was formed functioning on three platforms: the first — artificial intelligence and information overload, the second — chronic stress and depression, the third — the self-actualization of individual religiosity. Religiosity plays a major role in the dynamics of self-realization. Individual religiosity is defined by a mature person as a complex, integrative socio psychological property of a person, due to her having a special paradigm view of the world as created by God, and including cognitive, emotional, behavioral, identification and value components. An information new personality is the ability to manage information flows. Chronic stress and depression cause prolonged activation of the body’s adaptation reactions, lead to the development of mental, neurotic disorders and somatic diseases, reduce performance targets, and most importantly, reduce the cognitive brain and increase cognitive deficits, while all aspects of cognitive activity and the intelligence paradigm suffer. New neurosociology and modern neurocommunications are “security tools” and are able to manage and shape a new healthy personality.

THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY SELF-ACTUALIZATIONFEATURES ON THE FORMATION OF CHARACTER ACCENTUATION IN YOUNGPEOPLE

This article discusses the influence of the features of the development of self-actualization of the individual in adolescence and its influence on the development of character accentuations. Adolescence is a difficult period, during which the psychological education necessary for a mature person is formed. Any crisis that a person goes through is associated with severe psychoemotional stress, which can potentially become one of the factors of personality maladaptation in adolescence. Self-actualization is a complex process that is one of the driving forces of personal development. The formation of traits characteristic of a self-actualized personality has a significant impact on the adaptability of young people and can have both positive and negative effects. In the experimental part of the study, correlations were found between certain traits of self-actualization of the individual and the manifestation of character accentuations

H. Kant’s Autobiographical Novel «The Stay» («Der Aufenthalt», 1976): Fiction and Reality

The theme of Kant’s autobiographical novel «The Stay» (Der Aufenthalt, 1976) is the spiritual rebirth of German prisoner of war, a soldier of the Hitlerite ar-my. The article reveals the interaction of two components found in the novel: the fic-tional and the real ones in depicting this complex psychological process. The analysis of the chapters (X, XV, VI) shows various forms of artistic –aesthetic processing of authentic autobiographical material. In Chapter X the author «collects» his own emotional impressions, experienced by him in different periods of his life (such as cold, loneliness, hunger) and «ties» them to the situation of the main character sitting in a lonely cell in a prison. In Chapter XV he «adds» to real autobiographical facts an important artistic detail –a school pencil case of a Jewish girl killed by Nazis. In Chapter VI Kant makes a masterful use of temporal and narrative distance: the hero estimates the decisive episode of his youth –a conversation with a Russian woman-doctor from the viewpoint of a mature person recalling his life.

Cognitive and Personality Predictors of Magical Thinking during Social Maturity

Целью статьи является анализ онтологических аспектов магического мышления как социально-психологического феномена, а также его когнитивно-личностных предикторов в период социального взросления. Гипотеза исследования заключается в постулировании магического мышления как копинг-стратегии, коррелирующей с комплексом когнитивно-личностных предикторов. Научная новизна исследования — в системном анализе когнитивно-личностных детерминант магического мышления взрослого человека как психологической категории. В процессе исследования использовались мета-анализ, системный анализ. В статье представлены материалы, полученные в результате проведенного авторами полустандартизированного интервью с людьми, имеющими выраженное магическое мышление, а также результаты проведенного наблюдения. Эмпирически выявлены следующие когнитивно-личностные особенности людей как предикторы магического мышления: эклектичное мировоззрение; искажение причинно-следственных связей и соблюдение принципа жесткого детерминизма; повышенная тревожность, коррелирующая с высокими показателями нейротизма и фрустрации; экстернальный и интернальный локус контроля, а также сверхконтроль; аффективное воображение и склонность к эскапизму, тенденции макиавеллизма; преобладание когнитивных искажений и резонерства при средних и высоких когнитивных способностях, а также стремлении к самореализации. The aim of the article is to analyze ontological aspects of magical thinking as social and psychological phenomenon and to investigate its cognitive and personality predictors during social maturity. The hypothesis of the research consists in the fact magical thinking is treated as a coping strategy which correlates with a complex of cognitive and personality predictors. The scientific novelty of the research consists in systemic analysis of cognitive and personality determinants of magical thinking of a mature person as a psychological category. The research uses meta analysis and systemic analysis. The article presents data collected via semi-structured interviews with people who have profound magical thinking and data collected via observation. Empirical research identifies the following cognitive and personality predictors of magical thinking: eclectic worldview; distortion of causal relationships and preservation of rigid determinism; high anxiety correlating with high neuroticism and frustration; external and internal locus of control, overcontrol; affective imagination and escapism, machiavellianism tendencies; cognitive distortion and reasoning with average and high cognitive abilities, self-realization.

A Way To Increase Student Activity In The Organization Of Lectures

At the heart of the great work carried out in the field of education in our country is the important task of training highly qualified specialists in the national economy, educated in accordance with modern requirements. Solving this problem requires a number of important tasks for university professors. The organizers of this task are to educate students on the basis of modern pedagogical technologies, to form the ideological immunity of young people, to ensure the formation of a harmonious and mature person. Special attention should be paid to these aspects, especially in the training of engineers who are planned to work in the leading plants of the country after graduation. Therefore, increasing the effectiveness of training future engineers in all aspects is an urgent task today.

General craniometric characteristics of linear parameters of the middle cranial fossa of a mature person

Given the rapid development of neurology, neurosurgery, otolaryngology and forensic medicine, there is a need for new, updated morphological data of internal base of the skull, in particular middle cranial fossa. This is due to the complex bone architecture of the middle cranial fossa and the location of important neurovascular structures in this area, which are important for surgeons not to damage during the operation. In this regard, it is necessary to detail the features of the structure, shape, position and size of the middle cranial fossa. The aim of the work is a detailed morphological and craniometric study of the linear parameters of the middle cranial fossa of a mature person depending on gender. The study was performed by studying 50 CT scans of the head and 50 bone preparations of the skulls of men and women of mature age. In our study, a detailed morphometry of longitudinal and latitudinal parameters at different levels of the middle cranial fossa, as well as determining its depth and area. Morphometry of linear parameters of the studied area of the skull showed the presence of a range of variability in length, width and depth depending on the sex of a mature person. The study showed an increase in the longitudinal size of the middle cranial fossa from the lateral to the medial; the transverse dimensions of the middle cranial fossa take on smaller values in its anterior parts and gradually increase to the posterior ones, which in our opinion is due to the characteristic shape of this part of the skull. The performed morphometry of longitudinal and latitudinal parameters, depth and area of the middle cranial fossa showed that these parameters are predominant in males in contrast to females, which is due to the slightly increased head size in this group of adult’s people. Depth of the middle cranial fossa has the smallest range of variability depending on sex. It is established that right-handed asymmetry is more often observed in mature people of both sexes. Rarely, left-sided asymmetry is determined due to an increase in the length of the lateral sections in mature men. The data obtained make it possible to expand knowledge about the structure of the middle cranial fossa and can serve as a basis for further research.