Local Anesthetic Efficacy of Tramadol Hydrochloride with Adrenaline in the Extraction of Maxillary Teeth

Aims: To access the local anaesthetic effect of tramadol hydrochloride with adrenaline and its applicability in the extraction of maxillary teeth. Methodology: 100 patients were selected from the outpatient department (OPD) of oral and maxillofacial surgery, who needed extraction of any maxillary teeth and were under ASA – I category, and Using software SPSS Version 16 statistical analysis was done. Results: Tramadol hydrochloride 50mg with adrenaline 0.0225mg exhibits a local anaesthetic effect that enables successful and painless extraction of maxillary teeth. Conclusion: Tramadol hydrochloride does exhibit local anaesthetic effect and can be used as an alternative to conventional anaesthetics however due to certain unusual reasons this it cannot be proposed as a first-line agent. Keywords: Tramadol hydrochloride Local Anesthesia Extraction.

Multicomponent coating in purulent wound healing: A randomised controlled experimental study

Background. Purulent wound healing is a pressing surgical challenge relevant in 30−35% of patient cases. To the more, wound infectious agents elaborate resistance to available drugs warranting the development of new drug combinations exserting a multidirectional effect on the wound process.Objective. Using a purulent wound model to experimentally evaluate the efficiency of a new multicomponent wound coating comprised of polyethylene oxide and carboxymethylcellulose sodium-immobilised dioxidine, methyluracil, metronidazole and lidocaine hydrochloride in comparison with a legal approved wound coating drug preparation of beeswax and propolis-based dioxidine ointment.Methods. The antimicrobial activity range (disk-diffusion method) and local anaesthetic effect (Rainier’s method) of the developed wound coating have been assessed. The healing process was studied in a purulent wound model with 72 Wistar rats divided between two equal groups. The following methods were applied: visual wound inspection (wound cleansing time, absence of wound-surrounding tissue oedema, granulation and epithelisation), planimetric parameter estimation (wound area, healing rate, wound area reduction ratio), wound contamination and pH measurement, wound section cell morphometry (granulocyte, macrophage, lymphocyte and fibroblast counts, cell index estimation). Daily dressings were applied for 15 days.Results. The developed wound coating exhibited high efficiency against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the zone of inhibition tests. Its local anaesthetic effect was significantly superior to the approved drug by the duration of action. The wound area reduction was 94.2 (93.7; 94.8)% in the experimental group and 86 (84.2; 88.8)% in the control (differences statistically significant) already on day 10. A maximal healing rate in both groups was registered in phase 1 of the wound process being 1.4 times higher in experiment compared to the control. The wound contamination was significantly lower in experiment vs. control on day 8 (p = 0.0075). Wound pH negatively correlated with the fibroblast count and positively — with the contamination level.Conclusion. The study demonstrates high efficiency of the developed wound coating against infectious agents and its positive healing impact via reducing phase 1 and stimulating proliferation in phase 2 of the wound process.

Finding possible pharmacological effects of identified organic compounds in medicinal waters (BTEX and phenolic compounds)

Medicinal thermal waters consist of a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Traditionally, these waters are only characterized and classified by their inorganic composition; however, the bioavailability of the majority of these inorganic compounds is limited. Many authors investigate the organic fractions of thermal waters. These authors propose that these compounds have a potential effect on health. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, it is crucial to know the composition of the organic fractions. The absorption of these compounds on intact skin or mucosa is notable. Some of them have local anaesthetic effect or affect receptors in the central nervous system. In the knowledge of the chemical composition, we are able to estimate the possible pharmacological effect or might be able to assess possible toxicity risks. In the present article, we aim to review possible health effects of two of the identified organic fractions: benzene and alkylbenzenes and phenolic compounds that might correlate with the therapeutic effect on rheumatological or other diseases.

The Local Anaesthetic Effect of a Dental Laser Prior to Cavity Preparation: A Pilot Volunteer Study

SUMMARY Objectives It has been suggested that laser preconditioning can produce dental anaesthesia. This study aimed to assess the response of the dental pulp to laser preconditioning. Methods The effects of laser preconditioning, sham laser (negative control), and composite curing light (positive control) on the response of the dental pulp to electric pulp testing was investigated in this double-blind crossover trial with six volunteers. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser or curing light was shone on a premolar tooth in a sweeping motion for 30 seconds (in the sham treatment, the laser was not activated) in blindfolded volunteers subjected to a consistent aural stimulus. Treatment method at each visit was randomized and performed by a researcher not involved in pulp testing. Teeth were pulp tested twice initially by another member of the research team to get baseline readings, immediately following the treatment, and thereafter every two minutes for 10 minutes. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance and an independent-sample t-test. Results There were no significant differences in pulpal response between treatments (p>0.05). Conclusion Laser preconditioning did not affect pulpal response as measured by an electronic pulp tester. Laser preconditioning did not result in any pain or noticeable symptoms for both teeth and soft tissues.

Tramadol as a Local Anaesthetic in Tendon Repair Surgery of the Hand

This double-blind pilot study compared the local anaesthetic effects of tramadol plus adrenaline with lidocaine plus adrenaline during surgery to repair hand tendons. Twenty patients were randomly allocated to receive either 5% tramadol plus adrenaline ( n = 10) or 2% lidocaine plus adrenaline ( n = 10). Injection site pain and local skin reactions were recorded. At 1-min intervals after injection of the anaesthetic agent, the degree of sensory blockade was assessed by the patient reporting the extent to which they felt a pinprick, light touch and a cold sensation. Pain felt during surgical incision was also recorded. There was no difference in the quality of sensory blockade or the incidence of side effects between the two groups. Only patients treated with tramadol did not require additional post-operative analgesia. A combination of tramadol plus adrenaline provided a local anaesthetic effect similar to that of lidocaine plus adrenaline.

Powder trail: Coaine

Although cocaine is thought of as a modern drug, use of the South American coca plant (Erythroxylon coca) as a stimulant dates back to the Incas of Peru, and it was during the 19th Century that the major discoveries were made concerning the drug. Albert Niemann first synthesized pure cocaine in 1860, and Karl Koller, an ophthalmologist, discovered its local anaesthetic effect in 1884, which led to its medicinal use, mainly in ear, nose and throat surgery, where it still has a place1. Cocaine was added to drinks, being a constituent of the popular Vin Mariani and also of Coca Cola until it was realized this might not be a good thing. Cocaine was strongly endorsed by Sigmund Freud2 and used by many others over the years for its stimulant and euphoriant effects; Arthur Conan Doyle even had Sherlock Holmes taking a 7% solution of cocaine hydrochloride in The Sign of Four. Nevertheless, cocaine retained a reputation as a relatively safe, non-addictive agent until the early 1980s3.