The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Need Frustration at Work Scale: A Validation Study

The aim of the present study was to adapt and validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale within self-determination theory (SDT) within the work domain. Confirmatory factor analyses of three Norwegian samples and one English sample as well as multi-group analyses to examine measurement invariance were performed. The results showed that the adapted work-related scale with its six-factor structure fitted the data well in all four samples, and partial measurement invariance was obtained across samples and languages. Furthermore, internal consistencies for the subscales were acceptable and the subscales predicted work-related correlates as expected, demonstrating the criterion validity of the scale. The current study contributes to a unifying measurement for future research on one of the central underpinnings of SDT within the work domain.

On the English Source and Russian Literary Connections of N. F. Grammatin’s Ballad “Uslad and Vsemila”

The plot basis of the N. F. Grammatin’s “Uslad and Vsemila. Old Russian Ballad” (1810) – the ballad “Alonzo the Brave and the Fair Imogine” from the novel “Monk” by M. G. Lewis (1796) is determined. To establish the probable source of acquaintance with the Lewis’s ballad, in addition to the English original, Russian (1803) and French (1797) translations of the novel were used for comparison. Comparison of the texts leads to the conclusion that the author is directly acquainted with the English ballad in the original language. To give the ballad a national flavor, Grammatin used a conventional historical background, archaized vocabulary, as well as images and expressions of the national epic tradition. It has been proved that Grammatin used motives of Russian epics to create a ballad on a similar plot ATU 974 “The Homecoming Husband” from the collection of Kirsha Danilov – on Solovei Budimirovich (contamination of two plots – the matchmaking and the return of a husband to his wife’s wedding) and on Dobryna Nikitich and Alyosha Popov (the return of the husband to his wife’s wedding). The basis for combining these different sources – the supposedly “old Spanish ballad” on Alonzo and Imogine (as it is presented by Lewis in the novel) and Russian epics – were Grammatin’s general views on ancient poetry. Revealed the author’s accents in a popular plot. Compared to the English sample, Grammatin reinforces the theme of heavenly punishment for treachery. The bridegroom-dead comes not only in fulfillment of the fidelity’s vow, first of all he is the messenger of heaven, the messenger of the punishing God. The connection of Grammatin’s poem with the ballad experiments of N. M. Karamzin, V. A. Zhukovsky, I. I. Dmitriev, P. A. Katenin, S. P. Zhikharev and other contemporary works are considered.

223 Prevalence of Depression Among People with Diabetes; Comparative Analysis of Older Adults Across Three Health Systems Using Nationally Representative Data

Background The co-occurrence of depression and diabetes is an emerging global challenge but any association is influenced by variations in prevalence, study design and measure used. We compared depression prevalence in older adults with and without diabetes across three health systems using a validated measure to examine the causal association between diabetes and depression. Methods We used data of adults aged over 49 years, from three nationally representative ageing datasets; The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing (ELSA) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Data were collected during 2009–2011 (TILDA), and 2010 (ELSA, HRS). The 8-item CESD scale categorised depression using recommended cut-off scores of < 3 for ELSA and HRS and < 8 for TILDA. Self-reported individual, environmental, behavioural risk, and health system exposure variables were selected a-priori using literature and a directed acyclic graph. Prevalence was presented as a percentage with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Binomial logistic regression examined the odds of depression by diabetes status. Data were analysed in Stata v15 using the ‘svy’ function. Results Diabetes prevalence (Ireland;8%[(95%CI:7.5–8.6), England;11%(95%CI:10.6–12.0) and USA;19%[(95%CI:18.8-20.1);p<0.001]) and depression prevalence (Ireland;10%(95%CI:9.0–10.6), England;16%(95%CI:15.3-16.9), USA;14%[(95%CI:13.5-14.7);p<0.001] varied across countries. Depression was consistently higher among people with versus without diabetes (Ireland;14%(95%CI:10.9-16.6)vs.9%(95%CI:8.7–10.3),p=0.001], England;25%(95%CI:21.7-27.7)vs.15%[(95%CI:14.2-15.9),p≤0.001] and USA;19%(95%CI:16.9-20.0)vs.13%[(95%CI:12.4-13.8);p≤0.001]. The odds of depression were significantly higher in people with versus without diabetes (Ireland;OR=1.5(95%CI:1.2-1.9);p=0.001, England;OR=1.8(95%CI:1.5–2.2);p<0.000, USA;OR=1.5(95%1.3-1.7);p<0.000), but only remained significant in the English sample after adjustment; (Ireland;OR=1.2(0.8-1.6);p=0.356, England;OR=1.3(1.0–1.6);p=0.045, USA;OR=1.0(0.9-1.1);p=0.898). Conclusion Among older adults in different health systems, depression was consistently higher among people with versus without diabetes. The findings support incorporation of holistic approaches to diabetes management across health systems.

استعمالات تراكيب (كان) في الروايات العربية المترجمة من الإنجليزية: دراسة في الزمن والجهة (The Usage of Kaana Clauses in the Arabic Novels Translated from English: A Study on Tense and Aspect)

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على معاني تراكيب (كان) واستعمالاتها في الروايات العربية المترجمة من الإنجليزية؛ وذلك من أجل دراسة استعمالات المترجمين العرب لتراكيب (كان) من اللغة الإنجليزية فيما يخص دلالات الأفعال الزمنية وجهاتها، ومن ثم التعرف على مدى تطابق الترجمة لدلالات تراكيب (كان) التي اقترحها النحاة العرب، ومدى مطابقتها لقواعد اللغة الإنجليزية، وتتحدد النصوص المستخدمة في بعض الروايات وهي: الزنبقة السوداء والفرسان الثلاثة، مغامرات شيرلوك هولمز عصبة الرؤوس الحمراء، وإما، جون اوستن. قام الباحث ببيان موجز حول دلالات تراكيب كان في العربية، وما ينتج منها من دلالات الأفعال الزمنية وجهاتها من حيث الانقطاع والاستمرار، وعرض موجز للأزمنة اللغوية الإنجليزية وجهاتها، ثم قام بالمقارنة بين النصين الإنجليزي والعربي من حيث الدلالة على الزمن والجهة، وقد توصل الباحث إلى أن هناك مطابقة في الدلالة على الزمن في بعض الترجمات، كما أن هناك عدولا إلى صيغ أخرى مختلفة تختلف باختلاف السياق. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: تراكيب (كان)، الزمن، الجهة. Abstract This article aims to identify the meaning of “Kana” clauses and its usage in Arabic novel translated from English by studying how Arab translators used these clauses from English in terms of tense and aspects. This is also to identify equivalence of the Arabic translation in the light of meanings suggested by Arab Grammarians and English grammar. Four novels were studied namely: Black Tulip, The Three Musketeers, The adventures of Sherlock Holmes-The Red-Headed League, Emma, and Jane Austin. The meaning of كان and its aspects in terms of progressiveness and perfect was studied. Arabic and English sample texts were compared in aspects of tense and aspects. Results show that there were equivalents in signifying tense in some translations. There were also usages of different forms between Arabic and English depending on contexts. Keywords: “Kana” Clauses, Tense, Aspect.

Relational monogamy, condomless sex, and perceptions of pornography as sexual information in an English sample

Background This study assessed perceptions of pornography as a source of sexual information and condomless sex among a heterosexual sample of sexually active adult pornography consumers in England. Methods: Participants were drawn from an anonymous online survey of culture and sexuality. Results: There was no association between perceiving pornography as a source of sexual information and condomless sex among participants who were in monogamous relationships. Conversely, perceiving pornography as a source of sexual information was associated with condomless sex among participants who were not in monogamous relationships. Conclusion: The results of this study further the research literature on pornography and condomless sex in two ways. First, they suggest that studies that do not take relational monogamy into account may falsely conclude that pornography and condomless sex are unrelated. Second, they suggest that in addition to assessing the use of pornography, studies should measure the degree to which pornography is seen as a means of sexual pedagogy.

Handwritten Kannada Vowels and English Character Recognition System

In this paper, a zone based features are extracted from handwritten Kannada Vowels and English uppercase Character images for their recognition. A Total of 4,000 handwritten Kannada and English sample images are collected for classifications. The collected images are normalized into 32 x 32 dimensions. Then the normalized images are divided into 64 zones and their pixel densities are calculated, generating a total of 64 features. These 64 features are submitted to KNN and SVM classifiers with 2 fold cross validation for recognition of the said characters. The proposed algorithm works for individual Kannada vowels, English uppercase alphabets and mixture of both the characters. The recognition accuracy of 92.71% for KNN and 96.00% for SVM classifiers are achieved in case of handwritten Kannada vowels and 97.51% for KNN and 98.26% for SVM classifiers are obtained in case of handwritten English uppercase alphabets. Further, the recognition accuracy of 95.77% and 97.03% is obtained for mixed characters (i.e. Kannada Vowels and English uppercase alphabets). Hence, the proposed algorithm is efficient for the said characters recognition. The proposed algorithm is independent of thinning and slant of the characters and is the novelty of the proposed work.

¿El empresario nace o se hace? Educación y empresarialidad en la España Contemporánea

This article studies the possible effect that education may have upon entrepreneurial success. It uses two data bases, one for Spanish, the other for English entrepreneurs. By means of statistical and econometric analysis, we examine the effects on entrepreneurial behaviour of a series of variables, several relating to education. We compare the Spanish with the English sample. The main conclusions are: education indeed has a considerable bearing upon entrepreneurial success; this bearing is much more evident in the English than in the Spanish samples; both educational systems are quite different; and, lastly, family income seems to have little effect either on entrepreneurial success or on the studies of future entrepreneurs.