Time and space waveform optimization to extend the harmonic cutoff and to produce the water window single attosecond pulse

Based on the three-step theory of high-order harmonic generation, the harmonic cutoff is very sensitive to the few-cycle laser waveform in both time and space regions. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the method to control the harmonic cutoff and to produce the water window attosecond pulse through the optimization of time and space waveform. It is found that, in the time region, by properly choosing the delay and phase of the few-cycle two-color pulse, not only the harmonic intensity is enhanced, but also the quantum path of the harmonic emission can be controlled. Further, with the introduction of the 3rd pulse (i.e., the infrared pulse or the unipolar pulse), the harmonic cutoff from the single harmonic emission peak can be extended, showing a water window harmonic plateau. In the space region, by using the positive spatial inhomogeneous effect, the harmonic cutoff from the basic two-color waveform can also be extended, which leads to a water window spectral continuum. Finally, by Fourier transformation of harmonics during the water window region, the ultrashort single 29 as pulses can be obtained.

A Custom-Tailored Multi-TW Optical Electric Field for Gigawatt Soft-X-Ray Isolated Attosecond Pulses

Since the first isolated attosecond pulse was demonstrated through high-order harmonics generation (HHG) in 2001, researchers’ interest in the ultrashort time region has expanded. However, one realizes a limitation for related research such as attosecond spectroscopy. The bottleneck is concluded to be the lack of a high-peak-power isolated attosecond pulse source. Therefore, currently, generating an intense attosecond pulse would be one of the highest priority goals. In this paper, we review our recent work of a TW-class parallel three-channel waveform synthesizer for generating a gigawatt-scale soft-X-ray isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) using HHG. By employing several stabilization methods, we have achieved a stable 50 mJ three-channel optical-waveform synthesizer with a peak power at the multi-TW level. This optical-waveform synthesizer is capable of creating a stable intense optical field for generating an intense continuum harmonic beam thanks to the successful stabilization of all the parameters. Furthermore, the precision control of shot-to-shot reproducible synthesized waveforms is achieved. Through the HHG process employing a loose-focusing geometry, an intense shot-to-shot stable supercontinuum (50–70 eV) is generated in an argon gas cell. This continuum spectrum supports an IAP with a transform-limited duration of 170 as and a submicrojoule pulse energy, which allows the generation of a GW-scale IAP. Another supercontinuum in the soft-X-ray region with higher photon energy of approximately 100–130 eV is also generated in neon gas from the synthesizer. The transform-limited pulse duration is 106 as. Thus, the enhancement of HHG output through optimized waveform synthesis is experimentally proved.

Introduction

The houri, the pure female companion of Islamic paradise, is a cosmic figure who has inspired interpreters across time, region, and language. The introduction presents the prevalence of the houri in print and online media and the vast and complex set of historical reflections about the houri. Houris appear in genres of Arabic theology and Arabic and Persian poetry, but they were also frequently found in English and American literature until the early twentieth century. The history of the houri is not an exclusively Islamic history. The Introduction also discusses theories about the houri’s origins and provides an overview of the chapters in the book.

Official and non-official proper names in a bilingual onymic landscape

The paper deals with the visual representation of official and non-official proper names in a bilingual onymic landscape. The onymic landscape consists of official and non-official proper names located on nameplates, inscriptions in public spaces, various areas and extralingual signs that point to their names. Research into the visual representation of proper names is a relatively new area of socioonomastics. The onymic landscape changes dynamically depending on the time, region and socio-cultural dimension; the state, local governments, business and civil spheres participate in its creation. The state regulates the use of official proper names through language policy and also influences their visualization. In addition to official forms, non-official forms of proper names appear in the onymic landscape. In a bilingual onymic landscape, proper names are visualized not only in the state language but also in the language of the minority, resp. another foreign language. The author examines the bilingual anthroponymic, toponymic and chrematonymic landscape of Slovak-Hungarian bilingual municipalities in Southern Slovakia.

Variations of ionospheric and geomagnetic field parameters during the June 18, 2013 Bachat earthquake

The paper presents the results of a study of variations in ionospheric parameters and local magnetic constant before, during, and after the Вachat earthquake, which occurred on June 18, 2013 at 23:02 UT (June 19, 2013 at 06:02 LT) with a magnitude 5.3–5.6 and epicenter coordinates 54.29° N, 86.17° E. We have used data from IPGG SB RAS and TSU ionospheric stations and INTERMAGNET geomagnetic observatories. We have established that in the period preceding the earthquake there was a rather sharp increase in the magnetic moment, and in the subsequent period there was an equally sharp decrease in the magnetic moment. It is noted that the analysis of the daily average values of the local magnetic constant is the most promising for searching for geomagnetic precursors of earthquakes. We have found a low strong sporadic layer Es for two days before the event, the like of which was not observed for 15 days before and 15 days after the event. In addition, on the days preceding the shock, the background values of the F2-layer critical frequency were larger by more than 20 % at the local pre-event hours. On the second day after the earthquake, there appeared a night-time region of low values (about 14 %), which persisted until the morning of the third day.

Variations of ionospheric and geomagnetic field parameters during the June 18, 2013 Bachat earthquake

The paper presents the results of a study of variations in ionospheric parameters and local magnetic constant before, during, and after the Vachat earthquake, which occurred on June 18, 2013 at 23:02 UT (June 19, 2013 at 06:02 LT) with a magnitude 5.3–5.6 and epicenter coordinates 54.29 ° N, 86.17 ° E. We have used data from IPGG SB RAS and TSU ionospheric stations and INTERMAGNET geomagnetic observatories. We have established that in the period preceding the earthquake there was a rather sharp increase in the magnetic moment, and in the subsequent period there was an equally sharp decrease in the magnetic moment. It is noted that the analysis of the daily average values ​​of the local magnetic constant is the most promising for searching for geomagnetic precursors of earthquakes. We have found a low strong sporadic layer Es for two days before the event, the like of which was not observed for 15 days before and 15 days after the event. In addition, on the days preceding the shock, the background values ​​of the F2-layer critical frequency were larger by more than 20% at the local pre-event hours. On the second day after the earthquake, there appeared a night-time region of low values ​​(about 14%), which persisted until the morning of the third day.

Integrating region memory management and tag-free generational garbage collection

We present a region-based memory management scheme with support for generational garbage collection. The scheme features a compile-time region inference algorithm, which associates values with logical regions, and builds on a region type system that deploys region types at runtime to avoid the overhead of write barriers and to support partly tag-free garbage collection. The scheme is implemented in the MLKit Standard ML compiler, which generates native x64 machine code. Besides demonstrating a number of important formal properties of the scheme, we measure the scheme’s characteristics, for a number of benchmarks, and compare the performance of the generated executables with the performance of executables generated with the MLton state-of-the-art Standard ML compiler and configurations of the MLKit with and without region inference and generational garbage collection enabled. Although region inference often serves the purpose of generations, combining region inference with generational garbage collection is shown often to be superior to combining region inference with non-generational collection despite the overhead introduced by a larger amount of memory waste, due to region fragmentation.

A review of Nadi Parikshan in various Ayurvedic Samhita with its clinical methods

Nadi Pariksha is the most effective diagnostic tool known in the medical field. It is cost effective, accurate, safe, and gives quick results. We can conduct Nadi Pariksha on healthy individuals as well as all patients irrespective of stage of the disease also, and even pregnant woman, children, elderly can undergo without any harm or side effects. However, this technique is not being widely practised at present, because of lack of training, practise and knowledge about it in the present day among Ayurveda vaidyas. An iconic factor for identification of a physician, irrespective of the time, Region, Nadi Pariksha can be highlighted as a common factor or even System of Medicine or Civilization of the known world. Thus, we can perceive that Nadi Pariksha or the pulse examination remains as an effective diagnostic tool since ages. Nadi Pariksha was not been discussed among the Brihatrayees of Ayurveda. Acharya Sharangdhara was the first to document in the doctrines of Ayurveda. Thus Acharya Sharangdhara is considered as ‘The Founder of Nadi Pariksha’in Ayurveda. Nadi Pariksha was titled under the Pancha-Nidana by Acharya Sharangdhara and Ashta Sthana Pariksha by Acharya Yogaratnakara. It was the Foremost among all the other diagnostic tools mentioned by him. Later Acharyas like Acharya Bhava Mishra, Acharya Yogaratnakara, Acharya Basavaraja, Acharya Kanada Maharishi, and Acharya Ravana have contributed in giving more descriptions and importance. In the recent days Dr. Vasant lad and Dr. Sarvadeva Upadhaya’s research work interest and scope of Nadi Pariksha.

A new test analysis procedure for pressure drawdown test of a horizontal well in an infinite-acting reservoir

This paper develops a new well test analysis procedure of a horizontal well in an infinite-acting reservoir. Hitherto, horizontal well pressure drawdown test analysis during infinite-acting flow was accomplished based on a straight line method obtained from a plot of flowing wellbore pressure versus log of flow time. In that procedure, only limited system characterization was possible. Furthermore, the rigorous type curve matching was resorted to when a straight line did not appear. In the method developed here, a plot of flowing wellbore pressures, pwf, against dimensionless wellbore pressures, pD, is made for analysis. Results show that a straight line relationship exists between the two plotted parameters on a linear paper. The straight line slope across the middle time region can be taken to perform test analysis. From the plot, reservoir pressure, near wellbore permeability, reservoir capacity, fluid mobility and transmissibility can be calculated. Mathematical procedure leading to this method of analysis is based on selection of relevant source and Green’s functions for a horizontal well during infinite-acting flow and purely as a line source. A case pressure test selected for analysis using the method developed here yielded very close reservoir character compared to the reservoir being characterized Keywords: Dimensionless pressure, dimensionless derivatives, infinite-acting, horizontal well, early radial flow