MULTIPARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF THE SHAPE AND THICKNESS OF INSULATED ENERGY EFFICIENT CONSTRUCTED BUILDING WITH A SPECIFIC NUMBER OF FACES

To calculate the optimal parameters of outbuildings, a mathematical model and method for optimizing the shape and resistance of heat transfer for opaque and transparent structures with a certain constant number of faces, building volume and amount of insulation to minimize the thermal balance of enclosing structures with the environment during the heating period In the course of calculations the geometrical parameters of translucent, opaque structures in the heat-insulating shell of buildings are determined taking into account heat losses, heat influx from solar radiation by the criterion of ensuring minimum heat losses through enclosing structures, rational parameters (buildings) The given technique and mathematical models should be used in the future in the design of energy efficient buildings in the reconstruction and thermal modernization of buildings. This will increase their energy efficiency and, accordingly, the energy efficiency class of buildings. For the research faceted attached building in the form of a triangular pyramid, the reduction in heat loss was 14.82 percent only due to the optimization of the shape and redistribution of the insulation. Similar results were obtained for other initial forms. For the first time, a computerized method was proposed, an algorithm and application package Optimparam for multiparameter shape optimization and insulation of translucent and opaque structures for outbuildings with a given number of arbitrarily arranged faces were developed.

DESIGN OF THE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM OF THE ROOM FOR MUSHROOM GROWING

Based on the analysis of the technological process and the requirements for the growth of oyster mushrooms, the article examined: the main errors in the design of the mushroom farm, calculated the heat influx and heat sink of the production room, selected an air conditioning scheme for summer and winter modes, developed cabinets for placing mushroom blocks, designed and the lighting system was designed, the design and calculation of the ventilation system was performed. Based on the calculated data, the main additional refrigeration equipment, air conditioning system was selected, equipment for the lighting system was selected. The aim of this work is to design an air conditioning system for a room with a year-round cycle of growth of oyster mushrooms.

Mineral–fluid interactions in the late Archean Closepet granite batholith, Dharwar Craton, southern India

The chemical composition of different rocks as well as volatile-bearing and volatile-free minerals has been used to assess the presence of fluids in the Closepet batholith and to estimate the intensity of the fluid–rock interactions. The data were processed using polytopic vector analysis (PVA). Additional data include measurements of water content in the structure of volatile-free minerals and an examination of growth textures. The composition of mineral domains indicated formation/transformation processes with common fluid–mineral interactions. In general, the results suggested that the processes occurred in a ternary system. Two end-members were likely magmas and the third was enriched in fluids. In contrast, analysis of the apatite domains indicated that they likely formed/transformed in a more complex, four-component system. This system was fluid-rich and included hybrid magma with a large mafic component. PVA implies that the fluids do not appear to come from one source, given their close affinity and partial association with mantle-derived fluids. A dynamic tectonic setting promoting heat influx and redistribution, and interaction of fluids suggests that the formation/transformation processes of minerals and rocks occurred in a hot-spot like environment.

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT OF MOUNTAIN MASSIVE ON TEMPERATURE MODE OF GEOTHERMAL CIRCULATION SYSTEM

Based on the solution of the problem of non-stationary heat transfer during fluid motion in underground permeable layers, dependence was obtained to determine the operating time of the geothermal circulation system in the regime of constant and falling temperatures. It has been established that for a thickness of the layer H <4 m, the influence of heat influxes at = 0.99 and = 0.5 is practically the same, but for a thickness of the layer H> 5 m, the influence of heat inflows depends significantly on temperature. At a thickness of the permeable formation H> 20 m, the heat transfer at = 0.99 has virtually no effect on the thermal processes in the permeable formation, but at = 0.5 the heat influx, depending on the speed of movement, can be from 50 to 90%. Only at H> 50 m, the effect of heat influx significantly decreases and amounts, depending on the filtration rate, from 50 to 10%. The thermal effect of the rock mass with its thickness of more than 10 m, the distance between the discharge circuit and operation, as well as the speed of the coolant have almost no effect on the determination of the operating time of the GCS in constant temperature mode. During operation of the GCS at a dimensionless coolant temperature = 0.5, the velocity of the coolant is significant. With an increase in the speed of the coolant in two times, the error changes by 1.5 times.

Effect of planetary waves on cooling the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere by the CO₂ 15-µm emission

The steady-state 2-D linearized model of global-scale waves, calibrated according to available observations, is used to evaluate planetary-wave perturbations of temperature from the surface up to the height of about 165km. The maximum order of perturbation amplitudes in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere is found to be 15K for the ultra-fast Kelvin wave (UFKW) of the 3.5-day period, 8K for the 10-day wave, 5K for the 2- and 16-day waves, and 2K for the 5-day wave. The wave-caused variation in heat influx in the CO2 15-µm band, averaged over the wave period, depends on both the amplitude of temperature and temperature profile in the atmosphere unperturbed by the wave. An additional increase in radiative cooling is the prevailing effect of planetary waves in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The UFKW results in an increasing cooling rate up to ~0.1 of the cooling rate in the unperturbed atmosphere. The tangible contributions of the 2-, 10-, and 16-day waves are questionable. The contribution of the 5-day wave is negligible.

Linear baroclinic instability in the presence of heat inflow from the lower boundary

A linear Eady model with a parameterization of heat influx from the lower boundary is studied analytically in order to obtain the characteristics of baroclinic normal modes modified by this non-adiabatic source. The results display a secondary maximum of growth rate at high wave numbers and a range of absolutely unstable waves, thus suggesting that the property observed among mid-latitude explosive cyclones of being near-stationary in the phase of maximum growth may be captured by this representation of the air-sea energy exchange.