Pemanfaatan Situs Purbakala Pugung Raharjo Sebagai Sumber Belajar Sejarah untuk Mahasiswa

This study aims to examine the Pugung Raharjo Archaeological site as a source of learning history. The location of the Pugung Raharjo Archaeological site is located in the village of Batanghari, Sekampung, East Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques through literature study, observation, interviews, and documentation. The data validity technique uses source triangulation, for data analysis using interactive model analysis. The Pugung Raharjo Archaeological Site is a site protected by the Cultural Conservation Preservation Agency. As a source of learning the history of the ancient site Pugung Raharjo has historical values in the Praaksara/nirleka era with its relics, namely; Punden terraces, earth forts, stone with holes, stone axes, stone corpse complex, megalithic pools, beads, and household utensils. Classical era or Hindu-Buddhist relics, namely; Bodhisattva statues, Polynesian type statues, Humpback Inscriptions, and Ceramics. During the Islamic period, his relics were; Dalung Inscription, and Tombstone. The Pugung Raharjo Archaeological Site can be used as a source of history learning, one example is by learning history through the arrival and spread of early people in Sumatra, especially Lampung because this is the forerunner to the formation of a province of Lampung or often called the earth of Lampung. The process of utilizing the Pugung Raharjo site as a source of learning local history can be done by means, students can directly visit the object by doing/field trips. Thus the Pugung Raharjo archaeological site is very important for students, where students can participate in caring for and preserving historical relics in the vicinity. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji situs Purbakala Pugung Raharjo sebagai sumber belajar sejarah. Lokasi situs Purbakala Pugung Raharjo terletak di desa Batanghari, Sekampung Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan trianggulasi sumber, untuk analisis data menggunakan analisis model interaktif. Situs Purbakala Pugung Raharjo merupakan situs yang dilindungi oleh Badan Pelestarian Cagar Budaya. Sebagai sumber pembelajaran sejarah situs purbakala Pugung Raharjo memiliki nilai-nilai sejarah pada zaman Praaksara/nirleka dengan benda-benda peninggalannya yaitu; Punden berundak, Benteng tanah, Batu berlubang, Kapak Batu, Komplek Batu Mayat, kolam megalitik, manik-manik dan peralatan rumah tangga. Zaman klasik atau Hindu-Budha benda peninggalannya yaitu; arca Bodhisatwa, arca tipe Polinesia, Prasasti Bungkuk, dan Keramik. Pada Masa Islam benda peninggalannya yaitu; Prasasti Dalung, dan Batu Nisan. Situs Purbakala Pugung Raharjo dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pembelajaran sejarah, salah satu contohnya adalah dengan pembelajaran sejarah melalui kedatangan dan penyebaran masyarakat awal di Sumatera khususnya Lampung, karena ini merupakan cikal bakal terbentuknya sebuah provinsi Lampung atau sering dikatakan juga bumi Lampung. Proses pemanfaatan situs Pugung Raharjo sebagai sumber belajar Sejarah Lokal dapat dilakukan dengan cara, mahasiswa dapat langsung mengunjungi obyeknya yang dilakukan dengan melakukan karya wisata/fieldtrip. Dengan demikian situs purbakala Pugung Raharjo sangat penting bagi para mahasiswa, dimana para mahasiswa dapat turut serta dalam merawat dan melestarikan peninggalan-peninggalan bersejarah yang ada di sekitarnya.

Morphology Detection in Archaeological Ancient Sites by Using UAVs/Drones Data and GIS techniques

Today, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or Drones are a valuable source of data on inspection, surveillance, mapping and 3D modelling matters. Drones can be considered as the new alternative of classic manned aerial photography due to their low cost and high spatial resolution. In this study, drones were used to study archaeological sites. The archaeological Nineveh site, which is a very famous site located in heart of the city of Mosul, in northern Iraq, was chosen. This site was the largest capital of the Assyrian Empire 3000 years ago. The site contains an external wall that includes many gates, most of which were destroyed when Daesh occupied the city in 2014. The local population of the city of Mosul has also largely overtaken the central part of this archaeological site, while the northern and southern parts are still uninhabited. The awareness of the existence of unchanged surface and ground forms in the northern or southern parts led us to prepare an urgent study to interpret the outer surface of those parts and to analyze any discovery in the surface morphology. So, drone data and GIS technologies were used in this study to find any discovery that could aid in understanding the original surface of this ancient site. Visual and digital interpretations of satellite images, drone images, and Digital Surface Models (DSMs) were used to analyze and study the data. As a final result, certain morphological features were identified in the southern parts of the ancient site which could be a new archaeological and compositional discovery with reference to the earlier activities of the ancient society during the Assyrian empires, represented by the ditches and building lands used by the ancient inhabitants. Small modern tunnels penetrated the ancient wall were also discovered in addition, to a drainage canal and a motorway newly constructed during the occupation of the city that had penetrated the archaeological land.

Remembering Miramar, Forgetting Whātaitai

<p>Te Whanganui a Tara Wellington City has a long history dating back to legendary individuals, including Maui and Kupe. The harbour is dotted with sites associated with a history that has accumulated over several centuries. Colonial settlement concealed many of these pre-European sites with what is now Wellington City. Today many of these buildings that constitute Te Whanganui a Tara Wellington are considered heritage fabric or relics of the past. This thesis aims to examine and define such a context of a site’s past that is both concealed and concealing. The research breaks the past of the harbour down into two periods; Te Ao Tawhito (the old world) and Te Ao Hou (the new world), allowing for a segregated study of pre-European and post-European history. Many of these relics evoke, express or give insight into the past of Te Ao Hou. At times this history seems privileged due to the existence of relics. While methods such as preservation or restoration are valuable tools for a relic based design project, they do not address the matter of concealment. Two issues arise: Firstly, how could an intervention such as a mnemonic device express, evoke or give insight into the past that for numerous reasons are not presently interpretable at a site? Secondly, how could such an intervention interact with a relic that now remains on a site, as a valued vestige of the past? Part one of the thesis consists of project one, which is a design for a Japanese bath-house on Seatoun Ridge in Motu-Kairangi Miramar. This design attempts to evoke, express and give insight into an era of the past from Te Ao Tawhito. This period is not presently apparent or evoked at the site although the era of concern is well known and important. The purpose of this project is to explore analogy as a design method, which through referencing the past, allows a new building to act as a mnemonic device expressing, evoking or giving insight into Te Ao Tawhito. Part two follows with a second project consisting of three designs for an aquarium that explore how a mnemonic intervention could exist on a site that hosts a relic. Point Gordon on the northern tip of the peninsula was once a pa during Te Ao Tawhito and a military base during Te Ao Hou. This site is well suited for the second project because a relic of the latter period remains, subsequently concealing the ancient site of the former period. This project explores a metamorphic design method that allows a site to be developed while considering the following values of a relic: its original intent, its age value or its historic meaning. The metamorphic approach used in the second project juxtaposes, weaves or wraps a mnemonic intervention into the site, allowing the relic to be valued for either of the above qualities, which it may possess. The two projects have resulted in two design methods that could guide further design projects acknowledging a site’s layered histories whether interpretable or not. The thesis discusses three issues that are important to this research. Firstly, the past is considered as an important aspect of a communities culture, identity and well-being. Secondly, relics and mnemonic interventions are discussed as having equal value and special attention should not lay with relics. Lastly, the research reflects on how questions can be more valuable than terminology.</p>

Remembering Miramar, Forgetting Whātaitai

<p>Te Whanganui a Tara Wellington City has a long history dating back to legendary individuals, including Maui and Kupe. The harbour is dotted with sites associated with a history that has accumulated over several centuries. Colonial settlement concealed many of these pre-European sites with what is now Wellington City. Today many of these buildings that constitute Te Whanganui a Tara Wellington are considered heritage fabric or relics of the past. This thesis aims to examine and define such a context of a site’s past that is both concealed and concealing. The research breaks the past of the harbour down into two periods; Te Ao Tawhito (the old world) and Te Ao Hou (the new world), allowing for a segregated study of pre-European and post-European history. Many of these relics evoke, express or give insight into the past of Te Ao Hou. At times this history seems privileged due to the existence of relics. While methods such as preservation or restoration are valuable tools for a relic based design project, they do not address the matter of concealment. Two issues arise: Firstly, how could an intervention such as a mnemonic device express, evoke or give insight into the past that for numerous reasons are not presently interpretable at a site? Secondly, how could such an intervention interact with a relic that now remains on a site, as a valued vestige of the past? Part one of the thesis consists of project one, which is a design for a Japanese bath-house on Seatoun Ridge in Motu-Kairangi Miramar. This design attempts to evoke, express and give insight into an era of the past from Te Ao Tawhito. This period is not presently apparent or evoked at the site although the era of concern is well known and important. The purpose of this project is to explore analogy as a design method, which through referencing the past, allows a new building to act as a mnemonic device expressing, evoking or giving insight into Te Ao Tawhito. Part two follows with a second project consisting of three designs for an aquarium that explore how a mnemonic intervention could exist on a site that hosts a relic. Point Gordon on the northern tip of the peninsula was once a pa during Te Ao Tawhito and a military base during Te Ao Hou. This site is well suited for the second project because a relic of the latter period remains, subsequently concealing the ancient site of the former period. This project explores a metamorphic design method that allows a site to be developed while considering the following values of a relic: its original intent, its age value or its historic meaning. The metamorphic approach used in the second project juxtaposes, weaves or wraps a mnemonic intervention into the site, allowing the relic to be valued for either of the above qualities, which it may possess. The two projects have resulted in two design methods that could guide further design projects acknowledging a site’s layered histories whether interpretable or not. The thesis discusses three issues that are important to this research. Firstly, the past is considered as an important aspect of a communities culture, identity and well-being. Secondly, relics and mnemonic interventions are discussed as having equal value and special attention should not lay with relics. Lastly, the research reflects on how questions can be more valuable than terminology.</p>

The Redesign of the Patiayam Kudus Archaeological Museum with an Architectural Approach to Regionalism

Museum is an institution intended for the general public whose function is to collect, maintain, and present and preserve the cultural heritage of the community for research, education, recreation, and exhibition purposes. Regionalism architecture is an architecture that advocates the appearance of a building which is the result of a compound of internationalism with modern cultural and technological patterns, values ​​and nuances of tradition that are still embraced by the local community. The Patiayam Archaeological Site is an ancient site in the Patiayam Mountains, Kancilan Hamlet, Terban Village, Jekulo District, Kudus Regency. About 4,000 fossils were found in Patiayam. Some of the elephant tusks are placed in the Ronggowarsito Museum, Semarang. With so many fossils, it will not be stored properly because there is not enough space. If this continues, it is not impossible if the fossil which is a cultural heritage will become extinct. This study aims to provide a planning concept for the Patiayam Kudus Archaeological Museum.

Reconsidering the Topography of al-Balīd (Oman): A Preliminary Review of the Graphical Documentation

In the last 70 years several groups investigated the ancient site of al-Balīd. From Costa onwards all researchers placed their spatial data on the grid provided by the Italian archaeologist; in order to precise the positioning of the monuments and of the single excavations, the scholars sub-divided the original grid in smaller units. Jansen introduced a completely 3D digital recording system by the use of total station. Isenberg improved the information system using more sophisticated and accurate spatial technologies. From Jansen onwards all data were geo-referenced according to local cartographical coordinates. The paper focused on the graphical documentation provided by each research group and on the methodology underlying the data.

ABOUT THE FIRST EXCAVATIONS IN 2019 AT THE QALIYATEPA MONUMENT

This article is dedicated to the results of the first excavation conducted by the authorin 2019 at the archeological monument Qaliyatepa, the ancient site of the city of Jizzakh. The material evidence obtained during the excavation was scientifically analyzed.Material sources serve as an important source in determining the age of a monument.