Pillow Support Model with Partitioned Matching Based on Body Pressure Distribution Matrix

(1) Objective: Sleep problems have become one of the current serious public health issues. The purpose of this research was to construct an ideal pressure distribution model for head and neck support through research on the partitioned support surface of a pillow in order to guide the development of ergonomic pillows. (2) Methods: Seven typical memory foam pillows were selected as samples, and six subjects were recruited to carry out a body pressure distribution experiment. The average value of the first 10% of the samples in the comfort evaluation was calculated to obtain the relative ideal body pressure distribution matrix. Fuzzy clustering was performed on the ideal matrix to obtain the support surface partition. The ideal body pressure index of each partition was calculated, and a hierarchical analysis of each partition was then performed to determine the pressure sensitivity weight of each partition. Using these approaches, the key ergonomic node coordinates of the partitions of four different groups of people were extracted. The ergonomic node coordinates and the physical characteristics of the material were used to design a pillow prototype. Five subjects were recruited for each of the four groups to repeat the body pressure distribution experiment to evaluate the pillow prototype. (3) Results: An ideal support model with seven partitions, including three partitions in the supine position and four partitions in the lateral position, was constructed. The ideal body pressure distribution matrix and ideal body pressure indicators and pressure sensitivity weights for each partition were provided. The pillow that was designed and manufactured based on this model reproduced the ideal pressure distribution matrix evaluated by various groups of people. (4) Conclusion: The seven-partition ideal support model can effectively describe the head and neck support requirements of supine and lateral positions, which can provide strong support for the development of related products.

Optimal Route Determination to provide Relief Following an Earthquake using the Traffic Density Ratio (Case Study: Isfahan's Fire Stations)

Despite the very important role of primary arteries and transportation network in providing relief for regions affected by an earthquake and black spots, they have received less attention. Therefore, in the current study, at first, the status quo of the traffic black spots and safe regions was identified to predict the movement direction, evacuation of residents from their habitat and temporary residence using the region zoning. The trips were assigned to the network based on the trip distribution matrix and their relevant travel times both related to the crisis state. The results indicated that out of 94 traffic regions, located in the area under investigation, 7 regions were put in the very low risk or safe regions group and 10 traffic regions were put in a very high-risk group. Additionally, the results indicated that out of 794 links, located in the area under investigation, about 32 links will have a very undesirable status following an earthquake.

Simultaneous Unknown Input and State Estimation for the Linear System with a Rank-Deficient Distribution Matrix

The classical recursive three-step filter can be used to estimate the state and unknown input when the system is affected by unknown input, but the recursive three-step filter cannot be applied when the unknown input distribution matrix is not of full column rank. In order to solve the above problem, this paper proposes two novel filters according to the linear minimum-variance unbiased estimation criterion. Firstly, while the unknown input distribution matrix in the output equation is not of full column rank, a novel recursive three-step filter with direct feedthrough was proposed. Then, a novel recursive three-step filter was developed when the unknown input distribution matrix in the system equation is not of full column rank. Finally, the specific recursive steps of the corresponding filters are summarized. And the simulation results show that the proposed filters can effectively estimate the system state and unknown input.

DEVELOPMENT OF A PROCESS GUIDE ALGORITHM QMS «PRESERVATION OF PRODUCT CONFORMITY» ON THE SMALL INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISE«MIKROVINODELIE, LLC»

Разработано руководство процесса СМК «Сохранение соответствия продукции» для малого виноградоперерабатывающего предприятия ООО МИП «Микровиноделие». Разработана структура руководства процессом, включающая выполнение рабочих операций в производственных подразделениях, связанных с приемкой, разгрузкой, хранением закупаемого сырья и материалов, организацией хранения, упаковки и поставки готовой продукции, обеспечением подъемно-транспортных и такелажных работ внутри предприятия. Представлен и описан алгоритм выполнения процесса; разработаны матрица распределения ответственности, контекстная диаграмма; определены требования к процессу, входные и выходные данные, ресурсы и критерии оценки данного процесса. The management of the Quality Management System process “Preserving Product Conformity” was developed for the small innovative enterprise “Mikrovinodelie, LLC”. The structure of the management process including maintenance in production units related to receiving, unloading, storage, raw material procurement, packaging and delivery of finished products, to ensure hoisting and lifting operations within the company. An algorithm for the execution of the process is presented and described; responsibility distribution matrix, context diagram developed; process requirements, input and output data, resources and evaluation criteria for this process are defined.

DEVELOPMENT OF A PROCESS GUIDE ALGORITHM QMS «PRESERVATION OF PRODUCT CONFORMITY» ON THE SMALL INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISE«MIKROVINODELIE, LLC»

Разработано руководство процесса СМК «Сохранение соответствия продукции» для малого виноградоперерабатывающего предприятия ООО МИП «Микровиноделие». Разработана структура руководства процессом, включающая выполнение рабочих операций в производственных подразделениях, связанных с приемкой, разгрузкой, хранением закупаемого сырья и материалов, организацией хранения, упаковки и поставки готовой продукции, обеспечением подъемно-транспортных и такелажных работ внутри предприятия. Представлен и описан алгоритм выполнения процесса; разработаны матрица распределения ответственности, контекстная диаграмма; определены требования к процессу, входные и выходные данные, ресурсы и критерии оценки данного процесса. The management of the Quality Management System process “Preserving Product Conformity” was developed for the small innovative enterprise “Mikrovinodelie, LLC”. The structure of the management process including maintenance in production units related to receiving, unloading, storage, raw material procurement, packaging and delivery of finished products, to ensure hoisting and lifting operations within the company. An algorithm for the execution of the process is presented and described; responsibility distribution matrix, context diagram developed; process requirements, input and output data, resources and evaluation criteria for this process are defined.

An Accurate Linearization of Electromagnetic Force of Heteropolar Magnetic Bearings With Redundant Structures

Fault tolerance is one of the practical and effective approaches to improve the reliability of magnetic bearings. The linearization of the electromagnetic force (EMF) from the redundant structures is the crucial basis of the design of a fault-tolerant controller. In this paper, we propose an accurate linearization approach for the heteropolar magnetic bearings with redundant structures by solving the Taylor series expansion equation of the current distribution matrix (W) in the nonequilibrium position and introducing a set of displacement compensation matrices to establish a unified accurate EMF model including the controlled current and rotor position. The proposed approach can effectively decrease the EMF error between the actual physical model and the linearized model compared with the existing methods for the consideration of the rotor position. Moreover, the solutions of the current distribution matrix and the relevant optimization approach have been presented on the basis of the proposed approach to help to design a high-performance fault-tolerant controller in the entire rotor displacement range. The numerical results demonstrated the noticeable accuracy advantages of the proposed EMF model.