Design of Vital Sign Monitor with ECG, BPM, and Respiration Rate Parameters

Vital sign monitor is a device used to monitor a patient's vital sign, in the form of a heartbeat, pulse, blood pressure, temperature of the heart's pulse form continuously. Condition monitoring in patients is needed so that paramedics know the development of the condition of inpatients who are experiencing a critical period. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a physiological signal produced by the electrical activity of the heart. Recording heart activity can be used to analyze how the characteristics of the heart. By obtaining respiration from outpatient electrocardiography, which is increasingly being used clinically to practice to detect and characterize the abnormal occurrence of heart electrical behavior during normal daily activities. The purpose of this study is to determine that the value of the Repiration Rate is taken from ECG signals because of its solidity. At the peak of the R ECG it has several respiratory signals such as signals in fluctuations. An ECG can be used to determine breathing numbers. This module utilizes leads ECG signals to 1 lead, namely lead 2, respiration rate taken from the ECG, BPM in humans displayed on a TFT LCD. This research module utilizes the use of filters to obtain ECG signals, and respiration rates to display the results on a TFT LCD. This module has the highest error value of 0.01% compared to the Phantom EKG tool. So this module can be used for the diagnosis process.ECG, Respiration Rate, Filter

RANS Simulation of the Effect of Pulse Form on Fluid Flow and Convective Heat Transfer in an Intermittent Round Jet Impingement

The of effect pulse form (rectangular, sinusoidal and triangular) on the fluid flow and heat transfer of an intermittent jet impingement was studied numerically. It was shown in a non-steady-state jet, both an increase and decrease in heat transfer are possible compared with steady-state jet for all investigated pulse forms. For small distances between the pipe edge and obstacle (H/D ≤ 6) in the pulsed jet, heat transfer around the stagnation point increases with increasing pulse frequency, while for H/D > 8 an increase in frequency causes a heat transfer decrease. A growth in the Reynolds number causes a decrease in heat transfer, and data for all frequencies approach the steady-state flow regime. The numerical model is compared with the experimental results. Satisfactory agreement on the influence of the form and frequency of pulses on heat transfer for the pulsed jet on the obstacle surface is obtained.

Compact Square-Wave Pulse Electroporator with Controlled Electroporation Efficiency and Cell Viability

The design and development of a compact square-wave pulse generator for the electroporation of biological cells is presented. This electroporator can generate square-wave pulses with durations from 3 μs up to 10 ms, voltage amplitudes up to 3500 V, and currents up to 250 A. The quantity of the accumulated energy is optimized by means of a variable capacitor bank. The pulse forming unit design uses a crowbar circuit, which gives better control of the pulse form and its duration, independent of the load impedance. In such cases, the square-wave pulse form ensures better control of electroporation efficiency by choosing parameters determined in advance. The device has an integrated graphic LCD screen and measurement modules for the visualization of the current pulse, allowing for express control of the electroporation quality and does not require an external oscilloscope for current pulse recording. This electroporator was tested on suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells, during which, it was demonstrated that the application of such square-wave pulses ensured better control of the electroporation efficiency and cell viability after treatment using the pulsed electric field (PEF).

MICROWAVE HEATING IN THE SYSTEM OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF THE THERMOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS

A new method is proposed for determining the thermophysical characteristics (thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity) of building materials and products according to the results of measurements at two points in time of the surface temperature of the object under study, which is subjected to pulsed thermal effect from a given power focused into the line of microwave radiation. In the proposed method, the number of pulses and their repetition rate are set adaptively when the steady-state excess temperature is reached at the control point with two predetermined values at two points in time, which allows non-destructive testing of the studied objects, since the preset temperature values are taken 20…30 % less temperature thermal decomposition of the studied materials, as well as receive information in the frequency-pulse form, which increases the accuracy of the control results and noise method To implement the proposed method, a microprocessor-based information-measuring system has been developed that has experimentally confirmed the efficiency of the method and the correctness of its theoretical conclusions.

Nearly Single-Cycle Terahertz Pulse Generation in Aperiodically Poled Lithium Niobate

In the present work, an opportunity of nearly single-cycle THz pulse generation in aperiodically poled lithium niobate (APPLN) crystal is studied. A radiating antenna model is used to simulate the THz generation from chirped APPLN crystal pumped by a sequence of femtosecond laser pulses with chirped delays (m = 1, 2, 3 …) between adjacent pulses. It is shown that by appropriately choosing Δtm, it is possible to obtain temporal overlap of all THz pulses generated from positive (or negative) domains. This results in the formation of a nearly single-cycle THz pulse if the chirp rate of domain length δ in the crystal is sufficiently large. In the opposite case, a few cycle THz pulses are generated with the number of the cycles depending on δ. The closed-form expression for the THz pulse form is obtained. The peak THz electric field strength of 0.3 MV/cm is predicted for APPLN crystal pumped by a sequence of laser pulses with peak intensities of the separate pulse in the sequence of about 20 GW/cm2. By focusing the THz beam and increasing the pump power, the field strength can reach values in the order of few MV/cm.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF IMPACT OF PERCUSSIVE PULSE FORM ON SINKING PROCESS OF HOLLOW ROD ELEMENTS INTO SOILS

The work has experimental nature and it is aimed to development of vibro-percussion method of pipe-cover sinking during trenchless constructions of underground utilities. The maid idea of the research is the determination of regularities of filling inner tube hollow by soil at different forms of percussive pulse. Theoretical dependences of impact of percussion energy structure (form of percussion pulse) on efficiency of hollow rod element advance in the solid at different stages of insertion. Dimensionless parameter – filling coefficient is used for quantitative evaluation of filling rate by soil. Influence of pipe diameter on incrementation of length of soil core-sample for different percussive machines with the same percussive energy is shown. Stand and method of field test operation at various soil condition and interpretation of obtained data and its comparison with previous results obtained by the authors of the work and foreign researchers are represented.

Nearly Single-Cycle Terahertz Pulse Generation in Aperiodically Poled Lithium Niobate

In present work an opportunity of nearly single-cycle THz pulse generation in aperiodically poled lithium niobate (APPLN) crystal is studied. A radiating antenna model is used to simulate the THz generation from chirped APPLN crystal pumped by a sequence of femtosecond laser pulses with chirped delays m (m = 1, 2, 3 …) between adjacent pulses. It is shown that by appropriative choosing m it is possible to obtain temporally overlap of all THz pulses generated from positive (or negative) domains. It results in the formation of a nearly single-cycle THz pulse, if the chirp rate of domain length  in the crystal is sufficiently large. In opposite case, a few cycle THz pulses are generated with the number of the cycles depending on . The closed form expression for THz pulse form is obtained. The peak THz electric field strength of 0.3 MV/cm is predicted for APPLN crystal pumped by the sequence of laser pulses with peak intensity of the separate pulse in the sequence about 20 GW/cm2. By focusing the THz beam and by increasing the pump power the field strength can reach values of an order of few MV/cm.