On the notion of supplement in acts over monoids

The object of this paper is to generalize the notion of supplement in modules to monoid acts. In contrast to the case of modules that supplements of submodules do not generally exist, here we uniquely characterize the supplement of a proper subact of an act. Supplemented acts are defined as acts whose proper subacts all have proper supplements. We discuss how the property of being supplemented relates to certain other properties of acts. In particular, we prove that being supplemented and being completely reducible coincide.

Complete reducibility of subgroups of reductive algebraic groups over non-perfect fields IV: An 𝐹4 example

Let 𝑘 be a non-perfect separably closed field. Let 𝐺 be a connected reductive algebraic group defined over 𝑘. We study rationality problems for Serre’s notion of complete reducibility of subgroups of 𝐺. In particular, we present the first example of a connected non-abelian 𝑘-subgroup 𝐻 of 𝐺 that is 𝐺-completely reducible but not 𝐺-completely reducible over 𝑘, and the first example of a connected non-abelian 𝑘-subgroup H ′ H^{\prime} of 𝐺 that is 𝐺-completely reducible over 𝑘 but not 𝐺-completely reducible. This is new: all previously known such examples are for finite (or non-connected) 𝐻 and H ′ H^{\prime} only.

On the topology of geometric and rational orbits for algebraic group actions over valued fields

In this note, we study the relationship between Zariski and relative closedness for actions of (smooth) algebraic groups defined over valued (mainly local) fields of any characteristic. In particular, we use some recent basic results regarding the completely reducible subgroups and cocharacter-closedness due to Bate–Herpel–Röhrle–Tange and Uchiyama to construct some actions of simple algebraic groups G of the types {D_{4}}, {E_{6}}, {E_{7}}, {E_{8}}, {G_{2}} on an affine variety defined over a local function field k, and {v\in V(k)} such that the geometric orbit {G.v} is Zariski closed although the corresponding relative orbit {G(k).v} is not closed in the topology induced from k. Besides, by using an interesting result due to Gabber, Gille and Moret-Bailly, we show that this phenomenon does not appear when we consider the action of either a smooth unipotent group or a smooth commutative algebraic group, defined over an admissible valued (e.g., local) field.

RELATIVE COMPLETE REDUCIBILITY AND NORMALIZED SUBGROUPS

We study a relative variant of Serre’s notion of $G$ -complete reducibility for a reductive algebraic group $G$ . We let $K$ be a reductive subgroup of $G$ , and consider subgroups of $G$ that normalize the identity component $K^{\circ }$ . We show that such a subgroup is relatively $G$ -completely reducible with respect to $K$ if and only if its image in the automorphism group of $K^{\circ }$ is completely reducible. This allows us to generalize a number of fundamental results from the absolute to the relative setting. We also derive analogous results for Lie subalgebras of the Lie algebra of $G$ , as well as ‘rational’ versions over nonalgebraically closed fields.

Semisimplification for subgroups of reductive algebraic groups

Let G be a reductive algebraic group—possibly non-connected—over a field k, and let H be a subgroup of G. If $G= {GL }_n$ , then there is a degeneration process for obtaining from H a completely reducible subgroup $H'$ of G; one takes a limit of H along a cocharacter of G in an appropriate sense. We generalise this idea to arbitrary reductive G using the notion of G-complete reducibility and results from geometric invariant theory over non-algebraically closed fields due to the authors and Herpel. Our construction produces a G-completely reducible subgroup $H'$ of G, unique up to $G(k)$ -conjugacy, which we call a k-semisimplification of H. This gives a single unifying construction that extends various special cases in the literature (in particular, it agrees with the usual notion for $G= GL _n$ and with Serre’s ‘G-analogue’ of semisimplification for subgroups of $G(k)$ from [19]). We also show that under some extra hypotheses, one can pick $H'$ in a more canonical way using the Tits Centre Conjecture for spherical buildings and/or the theory of optimal destabilising cocharacters introduced by Hesselink, Kempf, and Rousseau.

On the Structure of Finite Groupoids and Their Representations

In this paper, both the structure and the theory of representations of finite groupoids are discussed. A finite connected groupoid turns out to be an extension of the groupoids of pairs of its set of units by its canonical totally disconnected isotropy subgroupoid. An extension of Maschke’s theorem for groups is proved showing that the algebra of a finite groupoid is semisimple and all finite-dimensional linear representations of finite groupoids are completely reducible. The theory of characters for finite-dimensional representations of finite groupoids is developed and it is shown that irreducible representations of the groupoid are in one-to-one correspondence with irreducible representation of its isotropy groups, with an extension of Burnside’s theorem describing the decomposition of the regular representation of a finite groupoid. Some simple examples illustrating these results are exhibited with emphasis on the groupoids interpretation of Schwinger’s description of quantum mechanical systems.

Birecurrent sets

A set is called recurrent if its minimal automaton is strongly connected and birecurrent if it is recurrent as well as reversal. We prove a series of results concerning birecurrent sets. It is already known that any birecurrent set is completely reducible (that is, such that the minimal representation of its characteristic series is completely reducible). The main result of this paper characterizes completely reducible sets as linear combinations of birecurrent sets